马鞍山硅藻土矿特征及应用

本文叙述了马鞍山硅藻土矿地质、矿床、矿石特征及硅藻土在新时代的应用前景。     

“莫拉克”台风暴雨过程中湿位涡场的演变特征

利用NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°再分析资料,计算了2009年第8号台风“莫拉克”引发浙江沿海地区强降水过程的湿位涡(MPV)和假相当位温(θse),重点分析了正压项(MPV1)和斜压项(MPV2)的正负值变化特征.结果表明,通过判断大气对流不稳定处,θse陡立面密集区,能量锋较强区域,同时结合上升运动,可以作为判断强...     

Asymmetric rainband breaking in Typhoon Haitang (2005) before and after its landfall

Using the WRF (Weather Research Forecast) model, this work performed analysis and simulation on the rainband change during the landfall of Typhoon Haitang (2005) and found that breaking may occur over land and oceans leads to distinct asymmetric precipitation. The breaking is related to the topographic effect as well as interactions between the typhoon and midlatitude systems at upper levels. During the landfall, divergent flows at the 200-hPa level of the South-Asian high combined with divergent flows at the periphery of the typhoon to form a weak, inverted trough in the northwest part of the storm, with the mid- and low-level divergence fields on the west and northwest side of the typhoon center maintaining steadily. It intensifies the upper-level cyclonic flows, in association with positive vorticity rotating counterclockwise together with air currents that travel stepwise into a vorticity zone in the vicinity of the typhoon core, thereby forming a vorticity transfer belt in 22–25? N that extends to the eastern part of the storm. It is right here that the high-level vorticity band is subsiding so that rainfall is prevented from developing, resulting in the rainbelt breaking, which is the principal cause of asymmetric precipitation occurrence. Migrating into its outer region, the banded vorticity of Haitang at high levels causes further amplification of the cyclonic circulation in the western part and transfer of positive vorticity into the typhoon such that the rainband breaking is more distinct.     

台风“海棠”的螺旋雨带结构及特征

利用中尺度数值模式WRF对2005年7月19—20日台风＂海棠＂登陆前后螺旋雨带的结构及特征进行了模拟和诊断分析。结果表明,本次台风造成的沿海暴雨与主次两条雨带活动有关。主雨带是涡旋Rossby波激发的螺旋雨带,与850 hPa正涡度带有很好的对应关系,降水强度大,辐合层次低,处在温度和切向风速梯度最大处。次雨带辐合层次相对较高,最大温度梯度和相当位温梯度发生在700 hPa以上,无明显切向风梯度配合,其发展主要与台风中心附近的阶梯状相当位温锋区有关。当台风中雨带合并时,易造成降水增幅。台风登陆前后存在螺旋雨带的断裂现象,台风中心西侧及西北侧的中低层的辐散流场使高层的气旋性流场出现和加强,台风在高层的气旋性环流与西部低压结合,使台风西部产生辐合,引起螺旋雨带的断裂,当高层的低压形成明显的气旋式切变时,也可使切变下方螺旋雨带断裂。     

CHARACTERISTICS OF UT/LS CARBON MONOXIDE INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS AND THEIR IMPACT FACTORS OVER THE TIBETAN PLATEAU AND ITS ADJACENT AREAS IN SUMMER

The study presented herein investigated the main characteristics of carbon monoxideintraseasonal variability and evaluated its possible impact factors using the upper troposphere and lowerstratosphere (UT/LS) Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) observations over Tibetan Plateau and itsadjacent areas in summer (June to August) of 2005 and 2006. Observations show a persistent constituentextreme extending up into the UT/LS throughout summer, as well as a temporally reversed phase variationbetween the carbon monoxide and ozone in UT/LS. The intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) of carbonmonoxide during summer are investigated by using methods of wavelet and band pass filter analysis. It isfound that ISOs over the Tibetan Plateau have periods of 10 to 20 days and 30 to 60 days. The formermainly appeared in upper troposphere while the latter in lower stratosphere. Further analysis shows thatthese two periods of ISOs in UT/LS are mainly in phase to the activities of convection over the south of theplateau and the variation of South Asia High, respectively. The above two factors and their dynamicalcoupling may be responsible for the tracer ISOs at different levels.     

“莫拉克”台风（2009）登陆前后强度与结构分析

利用NCEP每日4次全球预报场（GFS）分析资料、卫星云图资料以及实况观测台风路径、强度资料对0908号台风“莫拉克”在台湾登陆前后其强度、结构变化特征进行天气动力学诊断分析,从而为台风强度、结构预报提供参考依据。结果表明:（1） 低层切向风大值区中心所在半径处的切向风非对称性幅度之切向平均值可作为诊断分析台风强度的一个重要参考指标;（2） “莫拉克”中心高层干位涡大值区具有沿着低层切向风大值区中心内侧的切向风梯度密集带向下延伸的趋势;（3） 未考虑摩擦、湍流混合的柱坐标切向风运动方程主要有四项是决定切向风变化的,即切向风径向平流项、切向风垂直输送项、惯性离心力作用项以及地转偏向力作用项;（4） 台风低层辐合中心在切向上具有沿着切向风梯度密集区移动、发展的趋势。      

梅雨暴雨中高低空急流与西南涡的活动

利用MM5中尺度模式对1991年7月5日00时-6日12时的降水进行了数值模拟。通过对每3h一次模拟结果的诊断分析，发现高空急流的走向与西南涡的活动关系密切，当我国东部位于西北风急流时，西南低涡稳定少动；位于西风急流时，西南涡快速东移；位于西南风急流时，西南涡加强，移速减慢。暴雨活动与西南涡的东移一致。最初暴雨区稳定少动，之后暴雨区快速东移，后期暴雨区缓慢移动。湿位涡对西南涡的斜压性加大有重要的贡献。在西南涡斜压性未建立之前以及冷锋附近，雨区可位于低层西南风急流左侧的任何位置，当低涡的斜压性加大，出现暖空气的作用时，暴雨区均出现在西南风急流的左前方。     

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HORIZONTAL VORTICITY INDUCED BY VERTICAL SHEAR AND VERTICAL MOTION DURING A SQUALL LINE PROCESS

The horizontal vorticity equation used in this study was obtained using the equations of motion in the pressure coordinate system without considering friction, to reveal its relationship with vertical shear. By diagnostically analyzing each term in the horizontal vorticity equation during a squall line process that occurred on 19 June 2010, we found that the non-thermal wind term had a negative contribution to the local change of upward movement in the low-level atmosphere, and that its impact changed gradually from negative to positive with altitude, which could influence upward movement in the mid- and upper-level atmosphere greatly. The contribution of upward vertical transport to vertical movement was the largest in the low-level atmosphere, but had negative contribution to the upper-level atmosphere. These features were most evident in the development stage of the squall line. Based on analysis of convection cells along a squall line, we found that in the process of cell development diabatic heating caused the subsidence of constant potential temperature surface and non- geostrophic motion, which then triggered strong convergence of horizontal acceleration in the mid-level atmosphere and divergence of horizontal acceleration in the upper-level atmosphere. These changes of horizontal wind field could cause a counterclockwise increment of the horizontal vorticity around the warm cell, which then generated an increase of upward movement. This was the main reason why the non-thermal wind term had the largest contribution to the strengthening of upward movement in the mid- and upper-level atmosphere. The vertical transport of large value of horizontal vorticity was the key to trigger convection in this squall line process.     

不同雨强台风的诊断对比与数值试验研究

通过对不同雨强台风的诊断对比及数值试验得出一些结论。台风暴雨与锋区、高低空急流有关。强锋区可导致２００ｈｐａ西南风高空急流与右后房非地转辐散的加强，并在其作用下，激发重力惯性波。其调整过程，即为暴雨的突然增幅过程。调整时间约３￣６小时。调整过程使低空急流加强，加大向暴雨区的水汽动量输送，有利于降水加强。调整过程结束后，雨量变化平稳。     

STRUCTURE FEATURES AND COMPOSITE ANALYSIS OF CONVECTIVE CELLS IN A WARM SECTOR HEAVY RAINFALL EVENT OVER SOUTHERN CHINA

This paper uses the ARW-WRF model to carry out a numerical simulation of a warm-sector heavy rainfall event over southern China on the 22–23 May, 2014. A composite analysis method was used to analyze the evolution process and structural features of the convective cells on a convection line during this rainfall event. This analysis identified three stages: (1) Stage of activation: the equivalent potential temperature surfaces as lower layers start to bulge and form warm cells and weak vertical convective cloud towers which are subject to the impact of low-level warm moist updrafts in the rainfall sector; (2) Stage of development: the warm cells continue to bulge and form warm air columns and the convective cloud towers develop upwards becoming stronger as they rise; (3) Stage of maturity: the warm air columns start to connect with the stable layer in the upper air; the convective cloud tower will bend and tilt westward with each increasing in height, and the convection cell is characterized by a “crescent-shaped echo” above the 700hPa plane. During this stage the internal temperature of the cell is higher than the ambient temperature and the dynamic structural field is manifested as intensive vertical upward movement. The large-value centers of the northerly and westerly winds in the middle layer correspond to the warm moist center in the cells and the relatively cold center south of the warm air column. Further analysis shows that the formation of the “crescent-shaped” convective cell is associated with horizontal vorticity. Horizontal vorticity in the center and west of the warm cell experiences stronger cyclonic and anticyclonic shear transformation over time; this not only causes the original suborbicular cell echo shape to develop into a crescent-like shape, but also makes a convection line consisting of cells that develop to the northwest.