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91.
Žaknić-Ćatović Ana Howard Ken W.F. Ćatović Zlatko 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2018,131(3-4):1157-1171
Theoretical and Applied Climatology - The standard degree-day, temperature-index approach to calculating snowmelt generation and refreezing (the SDD method) is convenient and popularly used but... 相似文献
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The fate of moderately volatile elements in impact events—Lithium connection between the Ries sediments and central European tektites 下载免费PDF全文
Zuzana Rodovská Tomáš Magna Karel Žák Roman Skála Tomasz Brachaniec Channon Visscher 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2016,51(12):2403-2415
Lithium abundances and isotope compositions are presented for a suite of sediments from the surroundings of the Ries Impact structure, paralleled by new Li data for central European tektites (moldavites) from several substrewn fields (South Bohemia, Moravia, Cheb Basin, Lusatia), including a specimen from the newly discovered substrewn field in Poland. The data set was supplemented by three clay fractions isolated from sedimentary samples. Moldavites measured in this study show a very narrow range in δ7Li values (?0.6 to 0.3‰ relative to L‐SVEC) and Li contents (23.9–48.1 ppm). This contrasts with sediments from the Ries area which show remarkable range in Li isotope compositions (from ?6.9 to 13.4‰) and Li contents (0.6–256 ppm). The OSM sediments which, based on chemical similarity, formed the major part of moldavites, show a range in δ7Li values from ?2.0 to 7.9‰ and Li contents from 5.8 to 78.9 ppm. Therefore, the formation of moldavites was apparently accompanied by large‐scale mixing, paralleled by chemical and isotope homogenization of their parent matter. The proposed Li mixing model indicates that sands, clayey sediments, and low volumes of carbonates are the major components for tektite formation whereas residual paleokarst sediments could have been a minor but important component for a subset of moldavites. Striking homogenization of Li in tektites, combined with limited Li loss during impacts, may suggest that moderately volatile elements are not scavenged and isotopically fractionated during large‐scale collisions, which is consistent with recent models. In general, whether homogenization of bodies with distinct Li isotope systematics takes place, or collision of bodies with similar Li systematics operates cannot be resolved at present stage but Li isotope homogeneity of solar system planets and asteroidal bodies tentatively implies the latter. 相似文献
95.
Optimization of the shape of Gaussian beams 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
K. Žáček 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2006,50(3):349-366
The applicability and accuracy of the Gaussian beam method depend on the proper choice of the shape of beams. Gaussian beams
become inaccurate solutions of the elastodynamic equation if the velocity field changes considerably within the beam width.
We present a procedure of determining the optimum initial shape of Gaussian beams based on minimizing the average squared
widths of Gaussian beams and smoothing the distribution of the optimum parameters of Gaussian beams on the Hamiltonian hypersurface
in the phase-space. The original method of smoothing represents an essential part of the algorithm, which is designed particularly
for the optimization of the shape of Gaussian beams for Gaussian beam or packet migrations. 相似文献
96.
Žukovič Milan Borovský Michal Lach Matúš Hristopulos Dionissios T. 《Mathematical Geosciences》2020,52(1):123-143
Mathematical Geosciences - A novel Gibbs Markov random field for spatial data on Cartesian grids based on the modified planar rotator (MPR) model of statistical physics has been recently introduced... 相似文献
97.
Karen Friese Andrzej Grzechnik Emil Makovicky Tonči Balić-Žunić Sven Karup-Møller 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2008,35(8):455-465
Rietveld refinement of X-ray synchrotron data was performed for two synthetic tetrahedrite samples, with 0.61 and 1.83 Fe atoms, and two synthetic tennantite samples with 0.10 and 1.23 Fe atoms p.f.u. M12(Sb,As)4S13. Measurements were performed at 25 and 250°C. For both the phases, increased Fe substitution is reflected in the increased tetrahedral ‘Cu1’–S distance (‘Cu1’ is a site of Fe substitution) and Cu2–S distances. Cu2 was refined as a split position; the Cu2–Cu2 split about the plane of the S12S2 triangle is about 0.56 and 0.65 Å for tetrahedrite and tennantite, respectively. Cu2–Cu2 distances in the structure cavity are 2.8–2.9 Å. Between 25 and 250°C, the lattice parameter a increased by 0.02–0.04 Å and the interatomic distances by 0.01 Å on an average. Thermal expansion coefficients of little-substituted samples are similar to those of unsubstituted samples, whereas thermal expansion appears to decrease with increasing substitution by Fe. The Cu2–Cu2 split increases at 250°C by about 0.1 Å for tetrahedrite and by more than 0.15 Å for tennantite but the cage expansion is minimal so that the Cu2–Cu2 distances in the cavity decrease with temperature. Difference Fourier maps indicate that there is little residual electron density left between the two Cu2 half-sites in tetrahedrite but this inter-site density is substantially higher in tennantite. It increases with temperature, especially in the little-substituted tennantite sample. 相似文献
98.
In this paper, laser ablation ICP-MS U–Pb detrital zircon ages are used to discuss provenance and early Palaeozoic palaeogeography of continental fragments that originated in the Cadomian–Avalonian active margin of Gondwana at the end of Precambrian, were subsequently extended during late Cambrian to Early Ordovician opening of the Rheic Ocean, and finally were incorporated into and reworked within the European Variscan belt. The U–Pb detrital zircon age spectra in the analysed samples, taken across a late Neproterozoic (Ediacaran) to Early/Middle Devonian metasedimentary succession of the southeastern Teplá–Barrandian unit, Bohemian Massif, are almost identical and exhibit a bimodal age distribution with significant peaks at about 2.1–1.9 Ga and 650–550 Ma. We interpret the source area as an active margin comprising a cratonic (Eburnean) hinterland rimmed by Cadomian volcanic arcs and we suggest that this source was available at all times during deposition. The new detrital zircon ages also corroborate the West African provenance of the Teplá–Barrandian and correlative Saxothuringian and Moldanubian units, questioned in some palaeogeographic reconstructions. Finally, at variance with the still popular concept of the Cadomian basement units as far-travelled terranes, we propose that early Palaeozoic basins, developed upon the Cadomian active margin, were always part of a wide Gondwana shelf and drifted northwards together before involvement in the Variscan collisional belt. 相似文献
99.
Benedetta Periotto Ross J. Angel Fabrizio Nestola Tonci Balić-Žunić Cinzia Fontana Daria Pasqual Matteo Alvaro Günther J. Redhammer 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2013,40(5):387-399
High-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements of synthetic LiCrSi2O6 clinopyroxene (with space group P21/c) were performed in a diamond-anvil cell up to 7.970 GPa. No phase transition has been observed within the pressure range investigated, but the elastic behavior at lower pressures (up to ~2.5 GPa) is affected by an anomalous softening due to the proximity of the phase transition to the HT-C2/c phase at 330 K and at ambient pressure. A third-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state fitted to the compression data above 2.5 GPa yields a bulk modulus K T0 = 93(2) GPa and its first derivative K′ = 8.8(6). The structural data measured up to 7.970 GPa confirm that the space group P21/c is maintained throughout the whole pressure range investigated. The atomic parameters, obtained from the integrated diffraction intensities, suggest that the Li coordination polyhedron changes its coordination number from 5 to 6 at 6–7 GPa by means of the approach of the bridging O atom, related to the increased kinking of the B tetrahedral chain. Furthermore, at higher pressures, the structural evolution of LiCrSi2O6 provides evidence in the variation of kinking angles and bond lengths of a potential phase transition above 8 GPa to the HP-C2/c space group. A comparison of the Li-clinopyroxenes (M1 = Cr, Al, Sc, Ga, Mg + Fe) previously investigated and our sample shows that their elastic behavior and structural mechanisms of compression are analogous. 相似文献
100.
An investigation of the thermal waters in the Ústí nad Labem area in the northeastern part of the Eger Rift has been carried out, with the principal objective of determining their origin. Waters from geothermal reservoirs in the aquifers of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin (BCB) from depths of 240 to 616 m are exploited here. For comparison, thermal waters of the adjacent Teplice Spa area were also incorporated into the study. Results based on water chemistry and isotopes indicate mixing of groundwater from aquifers of the BCB with groundwater derived from underlying crystalline rocks of the Erzgebirge Mts. Unlike thermal waters in Dě?ín, which are of Ca–HCO3 type, there are two types of thermal waters in Ústí nad Labem, Na–HCO3–Cl–SO4 type with high TDS values and Na–Ca–HCO3–SO4 type with low TDS values. Carbon isotope data, speciation calculations, and inverse geochemical modeling suggest a significant input of endogenous CO2 at Ústí nad Labem in the case of high TDS groundwaters. Besides CO2 input, both silicate dissolution and cation exchange coupled with dissolution of carbonates may explain the origin of high TDS thermal waters equally well. This is a consequence of similar δ13C and 14C values in endogenous CO2 and carbonates (both sources have 14C of 0 pmc, endogenous CO2 δ13C around −3‰, carbonates in the range from −5‰ to +3‰ V-PDB). The source of Cl− seems to be relict brine formed in Tertiary lakes, which infiltrated into the deep rift zone and is being flushed out. The difference between high and low TDS groundwaters in Ústí nad Labem is caused by location of the high mineralization groundwater wells in CO2 emanation centers linked to channel-like conduits. This results in high dissolution rates of minerals and in different δ13C(DIC) and 14C(DIC) fingerprints. A combined δ34S and δ18O study of dissolved SO4 indicates multiple SO4 sources, involving SO4 from relict brines and oxidation of H2S. The study clearly demonstrates potential problems encountered at sites with multiple sources of C, where several evolutionary groundwater scenarios are possible. 相似文献