Rocky-shore communities as indicators of water quality: a case study in the Northwestern Mediterranean

The collection of 152 samples from the upper sublittoral zone along the rocky coasts of Catalonia (Northwestern Mediterranean) was carried out in 1999 in order to test the suitability of littoral communities to be used as indicators of water quality in the frame of the European Water Framework Directive. Detrended correspondence analysis were performed to distinguish between different communities and to relate communities composition to water quality. Samples collected in reference sites were included in the analysis. Mediterranean rocky shore communities situated in the upper sublittoral zone can be used as indicators of the water quality: there is a gradient from high to bad status that comprises from dense Cystoseira mediterranea forests to green algae dominated communities. The geographical patterns in the distribution of these communities show that the best areas are situated in the Northern coast, where tourism is the main economic resource of the area, and the worst area is situated close to the metropolitan zone of Barcelona with high population and industrial development. Thus, Mediterranean sublittoral rocky shore communities are useful indicators of water quality and multivariate analysis are a suitable statistical tool for the assessment of the ecological status.     

内蒙古锡林浩特、林西地区三叠纪过铝质花岗岩的成因及构造意义

在兴蒙造山带中段的内蒙古锡林浩特、林西地区新拟定了两条近东西向展布的过铝质花岗岩带,单颗粒锆石U-Pb表面年龄为(248.3±7.1)～(238.1±7.4)Ma,是印支期岩浆活动的产物.这套过铝质花岗岩岩性组合为花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩,在岩相学特征上,呈浅灰—灰白色,暗色矿物含量低,部分岩体具淡色花岗岩的特点,并出现...     

GIS-BASED ANALYSIS OF URBAN LAND-USE CHANGES——A Case Study of Haizhu District of Guangzhou City,China

１INTRODUCTIONMajorcharacteristicsofurbanizationinclude：ur－banconstructioniscontinuouslyspreading，thedemandforurbanlanduseisrapidlyswelling，andalotofa－griculturallandisconvertingintonon－agriculturalland．Whenthesecharacteristicsarereflectedinurbansys－tem，thedevelopingspeedsofbigcitiesandsupercitiesarequickening（CHEN，１９９９）．Basedonthecondi－tionofmarket，landresourcebearsthreetypesofvalueswhicharerespectivelysocialvalue，economicvalueandecologicalvalue．Theexternalexpressiv…     

Heavy metal sedimentary record in a Galician Ria (NW Spain): background values and recent contamination

Two long sediment cores were sampled at the Ferrol Ria (Galicia, NW Spain) and the heavy metal (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn) concentrations measured in order to (i) state accurate background values providing baseline relationships with respect to a reference element and (ii) to investigate the recent metal contamination trends. Background values were found to agree well with the world average values for granite/schists-genisses rocks. However, Cu, Co, Pb and Zn were found to be lower than those previously reported as background values for the Galician Rias. Results emphasize the importance of using baseline relationships with respect to a normalizing element in order to reduce the scattering of data and to allow an accurate statement of background values. The distribution of metals in the cores showed an evident enrichment in the surface layers belonging to the industrial era. Normalized enrichment factors (NEF) for copper and zinc are in the order of 3-5 (certain/severe contamination) in the surface sediments, decreasing with depth. Lead contamination has decreased in the recent years from NEF of 3-7 down to a NEF of 2 (i.e. moderate contamination), probably due to the introduction of unleaded gasolines. Chromium, cobalt and nickel NEFs were always in the <1-2 range indicating null/low contamination by these metals.     

Arsenic and trace metal contents in sediment profiles from the Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica

Admiralty Bay (Antarctica) hosts three scientific stations (Ferraz, Arctowski and Macchu Picchu), which require the use of fossil fuel as an energy source. Fossil fuels are also considered the main source of pollution in the area, representing important inputs of major pollutants (organic compounds) and trace metals and metalloids of environmental interest. Accordingly, this work presents the results of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in sediment profiles from Admiralty Bay. The sediment results from Ferraz station were slightly higher than the other sampling sites. The highest contents were observed for Cu and Zn (from 44 to 89 mg kg⁻¹). Otherwise, by using enrichment factors and geochronology analysis, the most relevant enrichment was observed for As in the samples collected close to the Ferraz station, indicating that increasing As content may be associated with the activities associated with this site.     

Mercury levels in feathers of Magellanic penguins

Feathers are useful to determine mercury (Hg) contamination. We evaluated the mercury concentration in feathers of Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) age 1.5 years to 25 years at Punta Tombo, Argentina before and during their molt. Mercury ranged between <1.4 and 367 ng/g dry weight, with three extreme high values (8996 ng/g, 3011 ng/g and 1340 ng/g) all in young adults. The median concentration was lowest for juveniles and significantly higher for adults but with high variation among older adults. Males and females had similar mercury loads. Compared with other penguin species, concentrations in Magellanic penguins were low. Mercury levels for Magellanic penguins in the Southwest Atlantic for older adults averaged 206±98 ng/g, and serve as a baseline for biomonitoring and/or ecotoxicological studies.     

粉质土底床桩基压力对波浪响应相位差试验研究

近年来,在各种近海建筑物的建设中,桩基础被越来越广泛地应用。关于海床内桩基各层位对波浪动力响应相位差的研究,国内外学者研究的重点主要集中在海床内各层位孔隙水压力的相位变化。而关于波浪作用下海床各层位土体总压力相位的研究则很少。本研究采用波浪水槽实验,在土床未扰动和土床扰动液化两种工况下,分别施加不同波高的波浪,对底床各层位土体总压力的相位进行对比研究。实验结果表明,当土体未运动时,在渗透性和饱和度均匀的土体中,各层位土体之间不存在相位差。当底床液化后,土体出现显著分层现象,在液化土层和不动土层间存在显著的相位差。此时,总压力振幅呈现先增大后减小的现象,且在床面下-10cm处出现最大值。     

晚前寒武纪生物地层发展远景

目前,关于晚前寒武纪有生物存在没有任何疑义,不仅有动物,而且也有植物化石,起先在上前寒武系发现了无硬壳后生动物化石印痕;后来发现凝源类的角质外壳,或称为碳酸盐藻类一迭层石及核形石。每一种生物化石对于前寒武纪生物地层的划分和对比都起着很大作用。过去认为后生动物仅存在于晚前寒武纪上部地层中,并成带分布,不久前发现他们     

地图如何起政治宣传作用

地图的政治意义是大家非常熟悉的。一个小小岛屿的归属,一小段国界线的表示方法都是要慎重处理的。也有在不违背正确表示原则的基础上而采用的某种特殊手法,例如国界线上的晕线表示在国界线的外侧,使得本国领土显得突出一些,视觉印象好象“大”一点。通过视觉感受能起到一定的心理影响。这里介绍一个具体例子:1939至     

联邦德国地图学协会主席FREITAG教授来信

尊敬的先生:我谨以德国地图学协会执行委员会的名义,向中国地图学杂志《地图》表示祝贺和致意。在墨西哥,莫雷利亚ICA国际地图学会议的国际展览会上,我有机会看到几本你们的杂志。现在我有了这几本,我仔细地阅读了它们。我常把它们同德国地图学协会的专业杂志——《地图学通报》(Kartographische Nachrichten),世界上最老的地图学专业杂志比