关于亚洲地学参考数据的概况

在西方国家 ,ＧＩＳ在商业中的应用不断增长 ,其应用范围甚广 ,因为大多数商业数据与地理分布有联系。ＧＩＳ能帮助各公司处理与地理分布有关的商业数据以实施进一步的战略计划。在亚洲ＧＩＳ的发展已经历多年 ,但数据获取一直是亚洲发展地图制图科学与ＧＩＳ的限制。随着经济的迅速增长和硬件、软件的降价 ,人们对ＧＩＳ的需求大大增加。尽管需求甚大 ,但获取地学参考数据的状况比较落后并成为亚洲ＧＩＳ发展的瓶颈。地学参考数据的定价和可获取性受到经济、法律问题和公众政策影响。数据的定价对应用地学参考数据十分重要。有两种实际情况…     

地震构造变形研究的方法和结果

作者探讨了确定震源机制的问题．研究了地震多发岩体的变形作用和岩体中起作用的构造应力和地震构造应力的特点．地震构造变形被描述为一种不可逆过程．这一过程受到沿着地震断裂面发生的多次活动的制约．而且是在震源机制进行统计研究的基础上确定的．     

From the editors

The year 2007 is a transformational one for us as the Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration changes from a semi-annual to a quarterly schedule and is published by Springer Verlag. Beginning with Vol. 6, No. 1, four issues of about 100 pages each will be published each year. The journal will continue to be available in print format, and a new electronic offering will be accessible through SpringerLink, Springer's Internet portal. We believe     

DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF MIOCENE LEUCOGRANITE IN THE ARUN VALLEY—EVEREST—MAKALU AREA:FIELD RELATIONS, PETROLOGY AND ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY

DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF MIOCENE LEUCOGRANITE IN THE ARUN VALLEY—EVEREST—MAKALU AREA:FIELD RELATIONS, PETROLOGY AND ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY1　AritaK .OriginoftheinvertedmetamorphismoftheLowerHimalayas,CentralNepal[J] .Tectonophysics,1983,93:4 3～6 0 . 　BarbarinB .Areviewoftherelationshipsbetweengranitoidtypes,theiroriginsandtheirgeodynamicenvironments[J] .Lithos,1999,4 6 :6 0 5～ 6 2 6 . 3　BurchfielBC ,ChenZ,HodgesKV ,etal.TheSou…     

城市发展的轨迹──《上海市面上地图集》评介

我手头有两本《上海市地图集》,第一本是1984年版,第二本是1997年版。两本图集反映了上海城市发展的辉煌历程。《上海市地图集》（1997年版）出版于1997年底。当人们一看到这本图集时,无不为它美观大方的装帧所吸引。这是一本8开本的大型综合地图集。封面是一轮朝日从东方升起,以东方明珠电视塔剪影为主题,背衬满天朝霞,图面上部为浅灰绿卫星影像,点出了上海所处长江之头。这别具匠心的封面,自然只适用这个特定的城市。图集由上海市地图集编纂委员会编制,上海科学技术出版社出版,西安煤航地图制印公司印刷。图集大小为26．5。mX3…     

机助制图综合的策略与数据模型

机助制图综合是地图制图工作者之间颇有争议的一个题目。传统的制图人员争辩说在地图综合范围内作任何自动的解答将是徒劳无益的。制图综合任务被视为一项艺术,它需要直觉和专门的技能,这只有通过长期的训练和职业经验才能取得。制图综合活动是以决策为基础的,这些决策只有在深入研究所有地图要素和那些与所处理的地图部分有关的因素之后才能作出。于是有人认为一般地定义的算法决不可能恰当地考虑各要素局部分布的特点;因而制图综合模型要产生出适宜的解答将必然是过分复杂的。另一种     

机助制图综合的策略与数据模型(续完)

为简单起见,函数说明中未带任何参数。实际上,每一函数需要一组预先决定的参数(可能为一组缺省值)而且只能作用于一组预先定义的物体类型。做为例子,我们列出由GOTTSCHALK(1973)所制的线光滑操作定义。     

Ostreopsis cf. ovata (Dinophyta) bloom in an equatorial island of the Atlantic Ocean

The epi-benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata Fukuyo has an increasingly global distribution. In Brazil there are reports of O. cf. ovata along the coast from 8°S to 27°S latitude and blooms have been registered on the Rio de Janeiro coastline. In the current study, an O. cf. ovata bloom is reported at Saint Paul's Rocks (0°55'10″N; 29°20'33″W), between the southern and northern hemispheres. The Archipelago is not inhabited and not subjected to eutrophication, due to isolation, and sustains a number of endemic species. Therefore, blooms of O. cf. ovata may potentially cause demise to trophic chains by affecting marine invertebrates and vertebrates.     

Plankton community as an indicator of water quality in tropical shrimp culture ponds

The plankton was examined as an indicator of water quality in 14 shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei farms in Brazil in 2003. The ponds were categorized by high stocking density (>30 PL m⁻²) of phytoplankton, consisting of 51 species with concentrations ranging from 365,218 ± 416,615 cells mL⁻¹ to 1,961,675 ± 3,160,172 cells mL⁻¹. Diatoms contributed to almost 70% of the species number and high densities resulted from Cyanophyta blooms, mainly Pseudanabaena cf limnetica. Forty zooplankton taxa were registered and were essentially composed of typical marine euryhaline species and suspension-feeders. Copepoda dominated (45%) the make-up, followed by Protozoa (18%), Rotifera (12%), and Mollusca (12%) larvae. Zooplankton varied from 972 ± 209 ind m⁻³ to 4235 ± 2877 ind m⁻³. Enhanced nutrient input affected plankton density and composition. Diatom and Copepoda dominance was replaced by cyanobacteria, protozoan, and rotifers as nutrient concentrations increased with the cultured period, indicating that plankton structure is affected by eutrophic conditions.