Magma type and genesis of the basic-ultrabasic layered intrusions in Panzhihua-Xichang area,Southwest China

The layered intrusions in the Panzhihua-Xichang area may be grouped into two types: basic rock masses represented by the Panzhihua rockbody and basic-ultrabasic rock masses represented by the Hongge rockbody. Their major difference lies in that the former has poorly developed ultramafic facies, while the latter is characterized by well developed mafic facies and ultramafic facies. There exists apparent rhythmic stratification in the rock masses, which can be basically divided into four grades in terms of superimposition relationship and multicycle characters. Both direct and indirect evidence suggest that the magma responsible for the layered intrusions in this area should be a transition-type alkaline olivine basalt magma derived directly from partial melting of the upper mantle. In rhythmic cycles of various grades, the magmatic evolution is characterized obviously by periodicity and early enrichment of Fe and Ti, which is evidently different from the evolution of the Skaergaard magma in which Fe and Ti are enriched at the late stage. The FCA diagram can be used to describe the unique evolutionary trend of magma in this area. It is demonstrated in this diagram that the enrichment of Fe and Ti is consistent with the increase of basicity. In the upper magmatic chamber, the evolutionary trend of magma is conditioned by the difference in pressure, and this enables magma to form different types of rock assemblage. In the Fo-Di-An system, when the pressure exceeds 5 x 18⁸ Pa, forsterite is incompatible with anorthite, and the rock facies sequence of Hongge type might form; when the pressure is lower than 5 x 10⁸ Pa, forsterite can coexist with anorthite, and the rock facies sequence of Panzhihua type is likely to form if the magma is relatively rich in Mg and Fe components.     

海相沉积成因的黑滑石矿床及其找矿方向

海相沉积成因的黑滑石矿床是近年来在我国发现的新的成因类型矿床，本文除着重介绍在川东南发现的海相沉积成因的黑滑石矿床地质特征和矿床成因外，还引进非金属矿床含矿建造和成矿系列的概念，提示黑滑石矿及与其共生伴生的其它非金属矿的找矿方向。     

Inhomogeneous features in mel-yu frontal cloud system

The structure of radar echo in stratiform cloud which was found in mei-yu frontal cloud system is generally inhomogeneous, especially in the structure of bright band echoes. The inhomogeneous structure of warm region in stratiform cloud and the shower feature of precipitation are closely related to the inhomogeneous structure of bright band and convective cells embedded in stratiform cloud.During Summer time the mei-yu cloud system is an important precipitating system in the southern part of China. To study its structure is of great significance for weather forecast and understanding the physical processes of cloud and precipitation. Therefore, we have observed mei-yu frontal cloud system by use of 711 type radar (3 cm) and airplane at Tunxi, Anhui Province since 1979. It was found that the structure of stratiform cloud, especially the structure of its warm region appears to be inhomogeneous1),2). This is a significant feature of cloud structure in mei-yu frontal cloud system. In this paper, we shall further analyse this inhomogeneous structure of stratiform cloud and study its effect on the precipitation.     

风场在预报暴雨发生中的作用——1975年8月上旬特大暴雨的数值实验

本文使用一个细网格的多层原始方程模式对1975年8月上旬(即著名的“758”)特大暴雨过程进行了数值模拟.我们发现: 1)初始风场对于暴雨的发生有相当大的影响,要想得到较好的预报结果,应设法使用实测风为初始资料. 2)交替使用两类光滑算子,可以使得由于采用实测风初值而产生的锯齿波有所削弱.     

未来地球科学计划及其在中国的组织实施

正"未来地球(Future Earth,简称FE)"科学计划,是由国际科学理事会(ICSU)、国际社会科学理事会(ISSC)、联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)、联合国环境署(UNEP)、联合国大学(UNU)、贝尔蒙特论坛(Belmont Forum)和国际全球变化研究资助机构(IGFA)等组成的"全球可持续发展科学和技术联盟"联合发起的、为期10年(2014—2023年)的科学计划,旨在为全球可持续发展提供必要     

The influence of systematic errors in the Southeast Pacific on ENSO variability and prediction in a coupled GCM

The impact of the warm SST bias in the Southeast Pacific (SEP) on the quality of seasonal and interannual variability and ENSO prediction in a coupled GCM is investigated. The reduction of this bias is achieved by means of empirical heat flux correction that is constant in time. It leads to a wide range of changes in the tropical Pacific climate including enhanced southeast trades, well-defined dry zone in the SEP, better simulation of the South Pacific Convergence Zone and stronger cross-equatorial asymmetry of the mean state in the eastern Pacific. As a result of the mean climate correction, significant improvements in the simulation of the seasonal cycle of the oceanic and atmospheric states are also observed both at the equator and basin-wide. Due to more realistic simulation of the seasonal evolution of the cold tongue, tropical convection and surface winds in the corrected version of the model, phase-lock of ENSO to the annual cycle looses its strong semi-annual component and becomes quite similar to the observed, although the amplitude of ENSO is reduced. Zonal wind stress response to the SST anomalies in the central-eastern Pacific also becomes more realistic. ENSO retrospective forecast experiments conducted with the directly coupled and the flux-corrected versions of the model demonstrate that deficiencies in the seasonal evolution of the cold tongue/Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone complex (that were largely due to the SEP bias in this model) and the related errors in the ENSO phase-lock to the annual cycle can seriously degrade ENSO prediction. By reducing these errors, ENSO predictive skill in the coupled model was substantially enhanced.     

正压准共振三波能量和拟能的传输

从准地转正压涡度方程出发，在ｋ１＋ｋ２＋ｋ３＝△ｋ、ｌ１＋ｌ２＋ｌ３＝０和ω１＋ω２＋ω３＝０的准共振条件下，分析了准共振三波能量和位涡拟能的传输。当△ｋ很小时，准共振三波组的总能量和总拟能近似守恒；三波之间能量和拟能的传输方向与共振情况基本相同，但中波向长波传输较多能量、向短波传输较多拟能和三波之间产生能量与拟能传输这三者的可能非线性准共振的面积与共振时相比均有较大的变化，而三者的面积比也有较明     

水平切变线上涡层不稳定理论

文中打破了传统的 Kelvin- Helmholtz研究切变不稳定的观点 ,考虑了强涡度切变存在时切变线已构成了一个涡层 ,这时切变线的不稳定问题就变为涡层的不稳定问题。同时考虑由涡层所产生的诱导速度 ,从理论上得到了水平切变线上涡层不稳定必要条件的判据 ,即必须满足 (1 - Rv Rid) >0 ,且有 U(y,t) >U(A(t) )与之相配合。这表明环境场的配置制约着切变线上扰动的发展 ,这种中尺度扰动同环境场存在着相互作用。文中还用具体个例对如何计算不稳定必要条件做了解释和说明。     

不同垂直分辨率对台风数值模拟影响的敏感性试验

利用新一代数值预报模式ARW(Advance Research WRF),模拟试验了在不同垂直分辨率条件下模式对"罗莎"台风的预报性能。试验结果表明,数值模式的垂直分辨率变化对台风路径预报效果的影响不大,但对台风强度和结构的预报效果有明显影响。但是,对于一定的水平分辨率而言,有一个与之匹配的垂直分辨率,垂直分辨率低于或者高于这个相匹配的阈值,模式的预报性能都会下降。     

普通黑光灯对稻纵卷叶螟和稻飞虱的诱虫量与气象因子的相关分析

以1991年至2008年广东省恩平市的观测数据,分析了普通黑光灯对稻纵卷叶螟和稻飞虱诱虫量与气象条件的相关性.结果表明:稻纵卷叶螟蛾年总诱量与年总降雨量呈正相关,稻飞虱成虫年诱量与年降雨量呈负相关,稻纵卷叶螟蛾与主要为害的5、6、8月降雨均呈正相关,与7月降雨则呈负相关;稻飞虱与5、7、8月降雨均为负相关,与6月降雨为正相关.此外,热带气旋个数与稻飞虱年诱虫量呈负相关;与稻纵卷叶螟蛾年诱虫量呈正相关.综合分析表明,稻纵卷叶螟蛾与稻飞虱与气象因子比较有较大的差别,对普通黑光灯诱虫量有极大的影响,可间接预测预报两迁飞性害虫的发生量,为准确预测预报两迁害虫为害提供参考.