微塑料添加对小麦苗期生长及干物质分配的影响

土壤环境中微塑料污染已成为全球关注的环境问题。关于微塑料对于植物生长的直接影响和由于土壤理化性状改变的间接影响研究已逐步开展,但针对小麦的研究鲜见报道。试验选择两个旱地小麦品种(甘春27和禾尚头)作为研究对象,选取高密度聚乙烯作为微塑料添加,设置3种质量浓度(0、1、4 g·kg^-1)开展盆栽试验,对不同微塑料组合处理下小麦的出苗率、株高、全株生物量和地上/地下干物质分配进行了分析。结果表明：(1)微塑料添加对两个品种出苗率没有影响。(2)禾尚头在添加1 g·kg^-1微塑料时比添加0、4 g·kg^-1时全株生物量分别高46.7%、8.5%,甘春27在添加1 g·kg^-1微塑料时比添加0、4 g·kg^-1时全株生物量分别高28.7%、17.2%;甘春27整体比禾尚头在3种浓度处理下全株生物量分别高24.9%、9.6%、1.5%。(3)不同试验处理条件下,甘春27将更多的干物质分配在地上植株的构建,其在地下(根系)和地上(茎叶)部分的分配比例整体小于禾尚头。整体上,适度微塑料添加可...     

Automatic mapping of lunar landforms using DEM-derived geomorphometric parameters

Developing approaches to automate the analysis of the massive amounts of data sent back from the Moon will generate significant benefits for the field of lunar geomorphology. In this paper, we outline an automated method for mapping lunar landforms that is based on digital terrain analysis. An iterative self-organizing (ISO) cluster unsupervised classification enables the automatic mapping of landforms via a series of input raster bands that utilize six geomorphometric parameters. These parameters divide landforms into a number of spatially extended, topographically homogeneous segments that exhibit similar terrain attributes and neighborhood properties. To illustrate the applicability of our approach, we apply it to three representative test sites on the Moon, automatically presenting our results as a thematic landform map. We also quantitatively evaluated this approach using a series of confusion matrices, achieving overall accuracies as high as 83.34% and Kappa coefficients (K) as high as 0.77. An immediate version of our algorithm can also be applied for automatically mapping large-scale lunar landforms and for the quantitative comparison of lunar surface morphologies.     

贵州煤田地质局技术队伍建设问题探讨

目前地质市场由计划经济转化为市场经济,市场的竞争究其本质是人才竞争。因此应该采取科学合理的技术人才资源管理方法和管理体制,以整体和局部、近期和长远为目标进行有计划、有步骤的技术队伍建设,注重从才培养,激励地质技术人员专业技能的提高,采用倾斜政策留住人才、招纳人才,只有这样贵州煤田地质局才能在不久的将来拥有一支精干、高效的地质专业技术队伍,确保全局乃至二级单位适应煤田地质市场的需要,保证全局科学、和谐健康有序的发展。     

Perceptions of climate change in China: The research and policy connection

Global climate change has evolved from a scientific problem into an economic and political problem oI worlOwloe rater- est. National perspectives play a crucial role in addressing climate change. Mutual understanding of perspectives is nec- essary to result in rational policies and a consensus among stakeholders with divergent interests. Conceptual frameworks for understanding the problem of climate change in China, the largest developing country and the largest greenhouse gas emitter, are of great significance to national and international efforts to address the problems of climate change. Chinese perceptions of climate change as a sustainable development problem have recently been in tension with an emerging Western perspective that frames climate change as a security issue. This paper explores Chinese perceptions of climate change as expressed in recent governmental policy statements, public opinion surveys, and academic scholarship with a focus on publications in Chinese-language journals, often unfamiliar in the West. It looks at the relationship between Chinese research and policy and finds that the Chinese policy frame of climate change as a sustainable development problem draws from the body of domestic research and is reflective of the perspectives and multidisciplinary approach of Chinese researchers in areas of climate change.     

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The experimental studies on electrical con-ductivities and P-wave velocities of anortho-site at high pressure and high temperature

Introduction The measurements of the compressional wave velocity and electrical conductivity of minerals and rocks are of fundamental importance to look into the earths interior, including composition, geotherm, generation and distribution of fluids and melts. Hydrous minerals formed by metamatu-siom are abundant within the earth. Previous studies have been carried out on the dehydration effect on the electrical conductivity and wave velocity of rocks such as serpentine, amphibole, most of whi…     

沁水煤层气田高阶煤解吸气碳同位素分馏特征及其意义

沁水盆地是我国煤层气勘探开发的重要有利区,沁水煤层气田位于盆地东南部。对采自沁水煤层气田两口井的煤开展了罐解吸实验。结果表明,该地区煤层气解吸速率很快,96 h后解吸气量都达到了总解吸气量的60%~85%,720 h后解吸过程基本结束;解吸气量大,平均在18 m3/t以上。煤层气解吸过程中甲烷发生碳同位素分馏,δ13C1值变化与解吸率呈良好的线性关系,参考这种正相关关系曲线,定期监视煤层气降压排采过程中甲烷δ13C1值的变化情况,可以大致推测出该地区煤层气解吸率,从而预测煤层气的采出程度。跟踪测试沁水煤层气田A1和A1-3井在试采过程的甲烷δ13C1变化情况,推测现在采出的煤层气可能主要是煤层裂隙中以游离形式存在的煤层气,表明该区煤层气稳产性较好,资源前景广阔。     

MEASUREMENTS AND MODEL SIMULATIONS OF SURFACE OZONE VARIATIONS AT DIFFERENT BACKGROUND CONCENTRATIONS OF THE PRECURSORS

Ozone photochemical production and loss in very different environments at Waliguan baselinestation and Lin'an background station were simulated by using the measurement data and photo-chemical box model.The results show that net ozone photochemical production rate is negative,about 0.5 ppb/d,at Waliguan baseline sation,because of very low precursor concentrations.Butat Lin'an background station,the net photochemical ozone production is positive,about 2—3 ppb/h.which is very closed with the measurement at Lin'an.That means ozone production was con-trolled by photochemical reactions at Lin'an background station,because of the higher precursorconcentrations.The net destruction rate,at Waliguan Mt.,is not large,so that future increase inanthropogenic emission of reactive nitrogen will lead to larger production rates of steady-state O_3concentration.     

Plant drought tolerance trait is the key parameter in improving the modeling of terrestrial transpiration in arid and semi-arid regions

陆面过程蒸腾作用的模拟制约着天气,气候降水预测的精确度.近几十年来,为了更好地描述植被蒸腾的水力约束,陆面过程模式发展了基于植物性状的植物水力胁迫方案.然而,我们对于植物性状在蒸腾模拟中的地位仍然缺乏了解,植物性状对蒸腾的重要性仍需进一步量化.本研究利用Morris方法评估植物性状参数在通用陆面模式植物水力胁迫方案(CoLM-P₅₀HS)中的重要性,针对17种植物性状,筛选出最为重要的:耐旱性状(P₅₀),气孔性状,和光合作用性状.在12个FLUXNET站点中,参数的重要性由归一化敏感度来衡量.P₅₀的重要性随着降水的减少而增加,而气孔性状和光合作用性状的重要性则随着降水的减少而减少.在干旱或半干旱地区,P₅₀比气孔性状和光合作用性状更重要,这意味着当植物经常经历干旱时,水力安全策略比植物生长策略更关键.而耐旱性状的巨大变异性进一步暗示了多种植物水力安全策略的共存.忽视P₅₀的变异性可能会对陆面过程模式蒸腾作用的模拟造成严重误差.因此,为了更好地表示植物水力功能的变异性,需要增加对耐旱性状的观测并耦合到陆面模式中.     

Rock magnetic properties and palaeomagnetic results of sediments from a stone implement layer in the Bose Basin,Guangxi

Directional samples were taken to study rock magnetism and palaeomagnetic records from the Dong- sheng profile, which is 5 m thick and on the northwest edge of the Bose Basin. Mineralogy and rock magnetism of typical samples indicate that coarse granular titanomagnetite, and fine-grained hematite, superparamagnetic maghemite formed by pedogenesis are in the sediment, which has undergone many transformative processes during different stages of pedogenesis. Parallel samples were taken for thermal demagnetization (TH) (0 to 680℃) and alternating field (AF) demagnetization (0 to 80 mT) respectively. Experimental results of these two kinds of demagnetization illustrate that there are two or more magnetic components in the samples. Intensity of NRM decreases by almost 60% to 90% rapidly when the temperature ranges from 100℃ to 350℃, with a steady magnetic component. It is impossible to analyze the magnetic components at high temperature because those fluctuate widely when the temperature is higher than 400℃. Steady magnetic components from 100℃ to 350℃ indicate that the remanence was mainly carried by fine-grained hematite formed by pedogenesis, reflecting a change in the geomagnetic field while the magnetite was being oxidized into hematite by chemical weathering after deposition. The formative age of the sediments cannot be obtained by magnetic methods in this profile.