气候变化对太行山土壤水分及植被的影响

在太行山低山区将自然植被移入蒸渗仪,观察当降水分别为常年平均降水量的80%、90%、100%、110%和120%等5种处理条件下,植被生产力和土壤的不同反映。研究发现:受验植被对降水反映敏感,降水每增加10%,植被生产力增加15%左右,预示未来全球变化导致的降水变化会对太行山低山区植被产生影响。同时在利用野外实验结果对WAVES模型进行验证的基础上,模拟了不同温度和降水变化情景下,土壤水分的可能变化趋势。结果表明:增温和减少降水对土壤水分负作用明显,尽管降水增加可改善土壤的水分供应状况,但降水增加10%对土壤水分的正面影响,大体被3 oC的增温抵消。由于模型模拟中采用的是与目前没有改变降水条件的实验相同的植被(LAI),而植被生长在太行山这一半湿润、半干旱地区又受土壤水分控制,因而估计未来气候变化情景下的植被变化与土壤水分的变化趋势相似。     

Distribution of hydrous components in jadeite of the Dabie Mountains

Two kinds of jadeite occur in the jadeite-quartzite from the Dabie Mountains, Eastern China: associated either with weak or strong deformation. The former shows a uniform composition while the latter shows both uniform and zoning composition. These jadeites were examined with infrared (IR) spectroscopy. All jadeite displays hydroxyl (OH) stretching bands, implying that hydrous components commonly exist in jadeite. The concentration of the hydrous components in the jadeite with weak deformation is homogenous, whereas the concentration of the hydrous components in strongly deformed samples is variable. The correlation between the intensity of OH-band absorbance and compositional zoning of jadeite with strong deformation indicates that Na-rich jadeite can accommodate more OH than Na-poor jadeite. Its interpretation is that there is more Na associated with greater OH availability in the initial crystallization environment. Our data of the comparatively high OH concentrations recorded in the core of the jadeite which contains relative high vacancies in M2 site imply that both OH content and the vacancies in M2 site could decrease during exhumation of the jadeite-quartzite. The decrease of OH solubility in jadeite would result in the formation of H₂O fluid during the early exhumation of UHP metamorphic rocks. The H₂O fluid transformed from OH during exhumation could trigger and enhance the early retrograde metamorphism of the host rocks and facilitate plastic deformation of jadeite grain by dislocation creep and diffusion creep.     

地震孕育体源流变模型(二)——应变场及其应用.

在弹性包体理论的基础上，建立了流变介质包体模型理论的应变场的理论解，导出流变介质中的包体在任意一点产生的正应变、剪应变及体应变的粘弹性解析解，即正应变、剪应变和体应变的表达式. 通过计算三维粘弹性介质中球形硬包体与软包体在地面引起的体应变场的时空演化过程，得到了一些非常有意义的结果，即球形硬包体在地面产生的体应变随时间的变化曲线出现了特征不同的3个阶段(, , )，它与大量地形变资料出现的, , 阶段相似，而球形软包体却没有这个特征. 这些结果对地震前兆的形态特征、前兆的象限性、前兆时空演化的阶段性、短临前兆突发性以及前兆异常时间的地区性等的解释具有启示意义. 这为地震前兆物理模式的建立提供了理论基础，并将为实现地震的物理预测发挥作用.      

闽西南马坑式铁矿主矿体的层位和时代

闽西南马坑式铁矿的层位和时代,以往因缺乏化石证据,意见不一。有中石炭统下部、下中石炭统或石炭二叠系种种说法。 1978年,我们在上杭县湖洋矿区的毗邻处庐丰发现了颇为完整的石炭系剖面,岩层中含有丰富的化石,保存尚佳。本文是在系统测制地层剖面及研究其中所含动植物化石的基础上,结合这几年来我系师生在长汀、永安等地区收集的资料写成的。     

电磁辐射在短临预报中的应用

本文介绍了电磁辐射对共和地震短临预报的映震效果，及时、空、强的判据，认为利用地震电磁辐射现象进行地震短临预报是一项很好的手段。     

我国高精度地心坐标转换参数的建立

本文介绍了为高精度获得地心坐标而建立的ＧＰＳ－ＫＴＩＳ系统的原理、方法和精度。与《ＤＸ－２》不同，ＧＰＳ－ＫＴＩＳ的动态变换特性（即模型的动态性、解算过程的区域性和已知数据的现势性）使转换参数能反映大地网的局部形变并能体现最新空间大地测量成果的影响。试算结果表明，ＧＰＳ－ＫＴＩＳ转换参数的转换精度比我国当前应用的《ＤＸ－２》转换参数提高了７０％，这标志着我国新一代地心坐标转换参数的建立。     

中国西部强震构造的初步研究

以地震破裂带,极震区长轴及发震断裂等为基础资料,统计了中国西部的强震构造。结果表明,其走向和长度均服从正态分布,并存在线性相关关系。为此,建立了构造走向与长度之间的回归方程。分析了破裂带与地震构造类型、发霉构造与区域应力场之间的关系,讨论了北西向发震构造在中国西部占主导地位的原因。     

Middle and Late Carboniferous Tetracoral Assemblages and Biogeography of China

China is rich in Middle and Carboniferous fossil corals. The coral faunas in different regions have varying characteristics and can be divided into distinct assemblages. The coral fauna in South China is dominated by the order Caninida and contains numerous endemic elements; that in North China has a lot of Middle Carboniferous corals which are monotonous in species, with Late Carboniferous solitary corals being predominant. The coral fauna in Junggar mainly contains large bi-zoned solitary caninids, while that in southern Khingan is similar to that in South China due to the presence of abundant tri-zoned compound corals. In northern Tibet the coral fauna is also similar to that in South China, but in southern Tibet it is of a cold-water type. Therefore, the Middle and Late Carboniferous coral geography of China can be divided into the Tethys, Boreal and Gondwana Realms.     

^40Ar／^39Ar Plateau Age Spectra of Feldspars and Their Geological Implications

The paragenic minerals plagioclase,perthite,biotite,hornblende and pyroxene in acid-granite alkali-granite,monzonite and volcanic rocks collected from seven areas different in thermal history have been determined.On the basis of 14 plateau age spectra and isochron ages of paragenic miner-als in conjunction with the observed mineral textures ,the suitability of plateau age spectra of plagioclase and perthite and their thermo-chronological significance are discussed in this paper.The results indicate that undisturbed feldspar gives satisfactory^40Ar-^39Ar plateau ages in consis-tence with those of paragenic minerals.This means that feldspars from the undisturbed area are suita-ble for ^40Ar-^39Ar dating .On the other hand,the age spectra of feldspars as well as of biotite,pyroxene and hornblende affected by tectonic or thermodynamic events appear unsmooth at varying temperatures,thus complicating their interpretation.Feldspars may give an emplacement age of a rock and /or that of the latest thermodynamic event,depending on the intensity of the event and the retentivity of Ar in the mineral.     

联系不同大地参考系的回归模型及RCT软件的应用

为综合应用不同参考坐标系中的测量成果，必须实现不同参考坐标系的统一。本文研究了回归模型在坐标转换中的应用，结合坐标转换实际提出并采用了多项式回归及逐次剔除的回归方法。文中介绍了坐标转换软件ＲＣＴ的主要功能，应用该软件计算了 １９５４年北京坐标系至 １９８０ＮＮＳＳ（ＢＥ）的最优回归转换模型。