Impacts of coastal reclamation on tidal and sediment dynamics in the Rui’an coast of China

Ocean Dynamics - Coastal reclamation projects have been extensively constructed along the coastline of the East China Sea over the past decades. To investigate the impact of reclamations on the...     

成矿作用的空间分布不均匀性及其控制因素探讨

全球矿产资源时空分布的不均匀性及其形成机制,已成为地球科学关注的热点和前沿领域。本文在对全球矿产资源的空间分布规律及其不均匀性分布特点的研究进展进行全面阐述的基础上,重点分析了控制成矿作用空间分布不均匀性的主要因素,如地壳组成与演化的差异、地壳/地幔化学组成的不均一性、成矿构造环境的差异、重大地质构造事件的影响、构造转换或转折和叠加、矿床形成与保存能力等。研究认为,深刻理解全球矿产资源空间分布的不均匀性特征及其形成的根本原因,应加强以下五个方面的研究:①大陆成矿作用的空间分布不均匀性的机制;②从全球构造角度,揭示成矿作用的时空分布规律;③强调深部成矿过程,以阐明成矿作用不均匀性原因;④加强成矿系统、成矿系列研究;⑤加强矿产资源时空分布不均匀性的形成机制研究。     

通勤时间、社区活动对社区社会资本的影响：基于北京26个社区的调查研究

城市扩张和郊区化显著增加居民的通勤时间,减少居民在社区内及周边开展的日常活动,进而可能对居民的社区社会资本产生消极影响。基于2017年北京市26个社区居民的社区融合与活动日志问卷调查数据,通过构建结构方程模型,探讨通勤时间、社区活动对社区社会资本的影响机制。结果发现,控制居民社会经济属性和社区区位后,长时间通勤会减少居民在社区及周边1 000 m范围内开展的活动,并进一步对社区社交网络结构、社会信任和共同价值等社区社会资本的不同维度产生负面影响。此外,社区活动中社交娱乐活动的中介效应显著,而个人和家庭事务活动中介效应不显著。最后,证实了促进职住平衡、减少职住分离的规划政策对于增加居民社区活动及培育社区社会资本的重要意义。     

A Comparative Study of Various Supervised Learning Approaches to Selective Omission in a Road Network

Selective omission is necessary for road network generalisation. This study investigates the use of supervised learning approaches for selective omission in a road network. To be specific, at first, the properties to measure the importance of a road in the network are viewed as input attributes, and the decision of such a road is retained or not at a specific scale is viewed as an output class; then, a number of samples with known input and output are used to train a classifier; finally, this classifier can be used to determine whether other roads to be retained or not. In this study, a total of nine supervised learning approaches, i.e., ID3, C4·5, CRT, Random Tree, support vector machine (SVM), naive Bayes (NB), K-nearest neighbour (KNN), multilayer perception (MP) and binary logistic regression (BLR), are applied to three road networks for selective omission. The performances of these approaches are evaluated by both quantitative assessment and visual inception. Results show that: (1) in most cases, these approaches are effective and their classification accuracy is between 70% and 90%; (2) most of these approaches have similar performances, and they do not have any statistically significant difference; (3) but sometimes, ID3 and BLR performs significantly better than NB and SVM; NB and KNN perform significantly worse than MP, SVM and BLR.     

市场转型背景下北京市中低收入居民的住房机会与职住分离研究

基于北京市9个不同类型中低收入社区的600位就业者的问卷调查数据,通过构建多元线性回归模型,验证了住房机会（住房搬迁机会）以及就业机会（工作单位类型）等市场转型过程中的制度性因素对中低收入者就业可达性的影响。研究表明,北京市中低收入居民中,国有企业单位及非国有企业单位就业者相对于行政事业单位就业者,显著地承受更大程度的职住分离,体现出单位制度残留的持续影响。由于政府保障性住房项目而搬迁的中低收入居民职住分离程度最大,而因个人原因发生居住搬迁的中低收入者职住距离则相对较近。拥有北京市户口的本地内生型中低收入者、非户主低收入者、男性低收入者的职住分离程度显著更大。最后,北京市中低收入者的月收入与其职住距离成显著正相关,表明市场因素开始发挥作用,但当考虑了住房搬迁机会变量后,部分市场化因素的影响不仅减弱并且变得不显著,而制度性因素的影响变得更强且统计上显著。由此说明,对于转型期的城市中低收入者而言,计划经济下再分配制度的残留与路径依赖以及城市空间的结构性调整对其职住关系的影响更为显著。     

Sedimentary and geochemical evidence of Eocene climate change in the Xining Basin,northeastern Tibetan Plateau

The northeastern Tibetan Plateau began to grow during the Eocene and it is important to understand the climatic history of Asia during this period of so-called ‘doubthouse' conditions. However, despite major advances in the last few decades,the evolutionary history and possible mechanisms of Eocene climate change in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau remain unclear.The Xining Basin in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau contains a continuous sequence of Early to Late Eocene non-marine sediments which provides the opportunity to resolve long-term climate changes during this period. In this study, we report the results of analyses of lithofacies, sediment color and geochemistry of bulk samples collected from the Xijigou section of the Xining Basin. An abrupt lithofacies change between the Early(~52–40 Ma) and Late Eocene(~40–34 Ma) indicates a change in the depositional environment from a shallow lake to a playa lake in response to a significant climatic shift. During ~52–40 Ma,higher values of sediment redness(a*), redness/lightness(a*/L*) and higher modified Chemical Index of Weathering(CIW′)indicate a relatively warm and humid climate, while from ~40–34 Ma the lower values of a*, a*/L*and lower CIW′ imply subhumid to semi-arid climatic conditions. The paleoclimatic records indicate a long-term(~52–34 Ma) trend of decreasing chemical weathering, consistent with global climate change. An abrupt sharp excursion of the proxy records during ~42–40 Ma suggests a relatively brief warm interval, corresponding to the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum(MECO). We suggest that global cooling substantially reduced humidity in inner Asia, resulting in sub-humid to semi-arid climatic conditions after 40 Ma in the Xining Basin, which may have been responsible for the long-term trend of decreasing chemical weathering during the Eocene.     

Assessment and zonation of storm surge hazards in the coastal areas of China

Natural Hazards - Coastal inundation due to storm tides is computed using ADvanced CIRCulation (ADCIRC) model along the east coast of India. Inland inundation due to storm tides is calculated every...     

海洋标准评估策略研究

文章在概述我国海洋标准评估工作现状的基础上,分析评估工作普遍存在的难点和海洋标准评估实践中的问题,围绕健全法律法规、开展全过程管理、提高评估结果公正性、构建评估信息系统、加强宣贯力度、建设海洋标准化人才队伍6个方面提出对策建议,以探索提高海洋标准评估工作水平。     

青藏高原风沙堆积对多年冻土影响研究进展

受全球气候变化和人类活动影响,青藏高原上的土地沙漠化正呈现加速发展态势。沙漠化产生的风沙堆积势必改变地表辐射和能量平衡状况,对较为敏感和脆弱的多年冻土环境造成影响,并可能影响青藏铁路路基的稳定性。因此,研究积沙对多年冻土的影响对于高原沙害防治、多年冻土保护和道路工程建设都具有重要的理论及现实意义。目前,前人已在青藏高原地表能量平衡研究方面取得了一些成果,并开始关注积沙对冻土温度影响问题。然而,由于已有观测资料的连续性、同步性和可比性等局限,对积沙地表辐射和能量平衡方面的研究还比较薄弱,积沙对冻土温度过程影响的研究结果尚不一致,而积沙对路基影响的问题也亟待开展研究。为此,本文提出了加强定位观测、开展室内低温实验以及数值模拟等建议,以期对今后的深入研究起到抛砖引玉作用。     

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