Analysis of Deformation of Adjacent Buried Pipeline Under Rockfall Impact Load

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - The current research on the deformation of buried pipeline under rockfall impact load is generally based on the analysis of the pipeline cross-sectional...     

顾及城乡差异的大区域人口密度估算——以山东省为例

现有大区域人口密度估算结果大多是在千米级尺度上,仅能宏观地反映城乡人口分布的范围,无法准确地刻画城乡人口空间分布的细节特征。本文将首套30m全球地表覆盖数据(GlobeLand30)引入城乡人口密度估算中,基于实现城乡划分的GlobeLand30人造地表数据,在城镇区域运用夜间灯光强度与人口的相关性将城镇人口细划到30m尺度上来估算城镇人口密度;在乡村区域引入样方估算的方法修正乡村居民地面积以估算乡村人口密度。以山东省为试验区的研究表明,本文方法无论在城乡居民地刻画还是人口空间分布的表达上均优于参考数据,所使用的GlobeLand30的全球性也保证了该方法推广的可行性。     

遥感及其地球表面时空多变要素的区域尺度转换

阐明了遥感在获取时空多变要素中的作用和意义,同时利用遥感方法作出了空间变异较大的叶面积指数、地表温度和净辐射通量的区域分布。通过遥感方法与传统的区域表达方法的对比,讨论了传统的等值线方法及其区域要素计算和表达方法的不足,估算了利用空间差异较大的非均匀要素所作出的区域分布的可能误差。其步骤是： ①用遥感和生态网络观测数据相结合的方法作出几个要素的区域分布影像图; ②在影像图上标出单点生态站的观测数据; ③以图像处理的方法,作出不同范围的各种要素平均值和标准差; ④揭示单点站的观测数据和不同范围要素平均值的差异; ⑤分析用传统的等值线方法所作出的区域分布的可能误差。     

地图数据缩编更新中道路数据匹配方法

用比例尺1∶1万的道路数据缩编更新比例尺1∶5万的相应数据,需要建立不同尺度、不同时态的道路目标间的匹配关系,以提取变化数据进行更新。通过分析道路目标间存在的分解、基本以及抽象的三个匹配层次,利用缓冲区分析和拓扑关系等手段开发了系列算法,进而完成了各目标间的匹配。实验表明,该匹配方法正确率高,实用性强,能满足缩编更新道路数据的要求。     

GNSS速度测量若干数学模型研究

为解决GNSS伪距变率双差测速和高斯投影、墨卡托投影坐标系中的速度投影计算问题,以大地坐标速度为未知数,推导GNSS伪距变率双差测速解法,基于高斯投影、墨卡托投影公式,推导其速度投影算法。建立了以大地坐标速度为未知数的GNSS伪距变率双差测速数学模型,建立了高斯投影、墨卡托投影坐标系速度投影计算方法,给出了应用试验和算例。结果表明,GNSS伪距变率双差测速大地坐标分量精度达到毫米/秒级,高斯投影、墨卡托投影坐标系速度投影算法正确。提出的GNSS伪距变率双差测速解法具有重要的应用价值。提出的高斯投影、墨卡托投影坐标系速度投影数学模型,可以满足低、中、高速应用需要。     

Short-term offshore extension of Brahmaputra-Ganges and Irrawaddy freshwater plumes to the central northern Bay of Bengal based on in situ and satellite observations

In this study, the short-term offshore extension of Brahmaputra-Ganges(BG) and Irrawaddy freshwater plumes to the central northern Bay of Bengal(BoB) was investigated based on in situ and satellite observations. In the summer and winter of 2015, two significant freshening events with periods of weeks were observed from a moored buoy at 15°N, 90°E in the BoB. Soil Moisture Active Passive(SMAP) satellite sea surface salinity compares well with the in situ data and shows that these freshening events are directly related to the short-term offshore extension of the BG and Irrawaddy freshwater, respectively. These data combined with the altimeter sea level anomaly data show that the offshore extending plumes result from freshwater modulated by eddies. During summer, the BG freshwater is modulated by a combination of three closely located eddies: a large anticyclonic eddy(ACE) off the northwestern BoB coast and two cyclonic eddies in the northern BoB. Consequently, the freshwater extends offshore from the river mouth and forms a long and narrow tongue-shaped plume extending southwestward to the central BoB. During winter, the Irrawaddy freshwater is modulated by two continuous ACEs evolved from Rossby wave propagating westward from the Irrawaddy Delta off Myanmar, forming a tongueshaped plume extending to the central BoB. Strong salinity fronts are formed along the boundaries of these tongue-shaped plumes. These findings confirm good capability of the SMAP data to investigate the short-term offshore extension of the BG and Irrawaddy freshwater. This study provides direct evidences of the pathways of the offshore extension of the BG and Irrawaddy freshwater and highlights the role of eddies in the northern BoB freshwater plume variability.     

A rapid assessment method for calculating the drag coefficient in wave attenuation by vegetation

Vegetation in wetlands is a large-scale nature-based resource that can provide multiple benefits to human beings and the environment,such as wave attenuation in coastal zones.Traditionally,there are two main calibration approaches to calculate the attenuation of wave driven by vegetation.The first method is a straightforward one based on the exponential attenuation of wave height in the direction of wave transmission,which,however,overlooks the crucial drag coefficient (C_D).The other method is in accordance with more complicate equations for predicting the damping factor,which is regarded as a function of C_D.In this study,a new relation,combining these above two conventional approaches,is proposed to predict the C_D in an operative approach.Results show that values yielded by the new assessment method perform a strong linear relationship with a collection of historical observations,with a promising R~2 value of 0.90.Besides,the linear regression derives a new predictive equation for the bulk drag coefficient.Additionally,a calibrated value of 4 for the empirical plant drag coefficient(C_P) is revealed.Overall,this new equation,with the superiority of the convenient exponential regression,is expected to be a rapid assessment method for calculating wave attenuation by vegetation and predicting the drag coefficient.     

Reconstructing early Eocene(～55 Ma) paleogeographic boundary conditions for use in paleoclimate modelling

The early Eocene is a period with very high atmospheric CO_2 levels, which receives many interests from climate modelling aspects. To simulate the early Eocene paleoclimate, a realistic reconstruction for land-sea distribution, paleotopography and paleobathymetry is the fundamental step. Here, we present global paleogeographic reconstructions for the early Eocene(～55 Ma), based on integrated paleogeographic data set, the plate-tectonic reconstruction software(GPlates) and geographic information system software(ArcGIS). Comparing with previous paleogeographic reconstructions, we improve the reconstructions by incorporating many recent geologic data and data set, including:(1) Better representations of the Tethys Sea,some marginal or inland seas in the East and Southeast Asia, Atlantic and Arctic region, and the Drake Passage and Tasmanian Gateway;(2) integrated paleoelevation data of global high plateaus and mountains, especially the paleotopography of East Asia,and adopting the latest paleotopographic reconstruction data of the Antarctica; and(3) using the latest data set of oceanic crust paleo-age and oceanic sediment thickness to reconstruct the paleobathymetry.     

转型期北京社区公共空间对邻里交往的影响机理：本地居民与移民的对比分析

利用2017年北京市36个小区的居民问卷调查数据,并基于POI数据测量小区尺度上步行道、公园、交通站点、商业设施、学校5类公共空间与设施的可达性,采用结构方程模型考察社区公共空间对本地居民、外来移民邻里交往的不同影响作用和机理。研究发现,在城市转型与居住分异的背景下：典型公共空间（步行道、公园）在促进邻里交往的作用上不如交通站点、商业设施等准公共空间设施;相较于外来移民,本地居民的邻里交往水平更容易受到社区公共空间的影响。     

胜利油区第三纪火山活动对油气生成的影响

本文介绍了胜利油区第三纪期间火山岩的类型和分布状况,在此基础上讨论了禹城凹陷和东营凹陷南坡火山活动对烃源岩生烃作用的影响,认为小规模的火山活动对生烃作用并没有明显的负面效应,但可能改造已形成的油藏。这一认识对含火山岩盆地的油气成藏评价有着重要意义。