嘉峪关市土地生态安全动态评价及影响因素分析

土地生态安全评价对管控区域生态风险和保障生态安全具有重要意义.基于"数量安全-质量安全-结构安全-保障安全"模型构建指标评价体系,采用相对熵方法进行组合赋权,揭示嘉峪关市土地生态安全的动态变化过程,并运用因子分析法探讨其主要影响因素.结果 表明:(1)2000—2017年,嘉峪关市土地生态安全综合指数呈上升趋势,由20...     

利用射电天线轴线信息测定VLBI站点垂线偏差

本文采用直接法推导了射电天线轴系误差的指向改正模型的完全表达式,统一了轴系误差指向改正模型与L?sler归心测量模型中共有轴系参数的定义,建立了射电天线指向测量模型与归心测量模型中天线方位轴倾角参数间的联系,从而实现了利用射电天线方位轴信息测定VLBI测站垂线偏差(DOV)的方法.该方法不依赖专用DOV测量设备,仅需天...     

重力梯度向量化调和分析的FFT算法

在利用卫星重力梯度数据求解地球重力场模型位系数时,为进一步提高调和分析法的计算效率,推导出了利用5种组合{Tzz}、{Txx+Tyy}、{Tzz-Txx-Tyy}、{Txz,Tyz}、{Txx,Tyy,Txy}构建重力场模型位系数的向量化调和分析法和向量化调和分析的FFT算法.实验表明,利用30′×30′格网Tzz数据...     

南四湖消落带底泥磷形态分布特征、影响因素及释放风险

南四湖是南水北调东线最大的调蓄湖泊,周期性水位涨落会形成大面积消落带,认知消落带底泥磷形态赋存特征、影响因素及释放潜能,对于保障东线调水水质具有重要的科学意义.本研究分析了南四湖消落带底泥磷形态分布特征,探讨了各形态磷与土地利用、母质类型及底泥理化因素之间的关系,评价了南四湖消落带底泥磷的污染程度并分析了其释放风险.结果发现,消落带底泥中总磷(TP)、无机磷(IP)、NaOH提取态磷(NaOH-P)、HCl提取态磷(HCl-P)和有机磷(OP)含量的平均值分别为745.37、510.51、50.42、460.09和234.86 mg/kg,以HCl-P为主的IP占比较高.南四湖消落带底泥各形态磷含量具有较高的空间异质性,TP、IP、OP、HCl-P和NaOH-P含量的变异系数分别为30.7%、36.9%、29.6%、37.6%和51.2%.自然湿地、乔木林地和水浇地等土地利用方式下的底泥NaOH-P、HCl-P、IP、OP和TP含量差异不显著.土壤类型对消落带底泥OP含量影响明显,但对TP、IP、NaOH-P和HCl-P含量则影响不大.NaOH-P含量与HCl-P含量具有显著正相关,与...     

重庆中坝遗址地层Na-Ca元素含量揭示的制盐业兴衰史

Based on dynastic period division and AMS ^14 C dating performed on the sedimentary layers at Zhongba and Yuxi sites,and also the analysis of Na,Ca and Mg of 201 sedimentary samples from Zhongba site and that of Ca and Na in 47 sedimentary samples from Yuxi by using an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry（ICP）,we found that there were 35 time periods when the contents of Ca and Na were reversely correlated,i.e.whenever the content of Ca was the highest,the content of Na was the lowest,and vice versa. Among them,there were 21 time periods when the content of Ca was the highest,and Na was the lowest,indicating that there were about 21 prosperous periods of ancient salt production at Zhongba site since 3000BC.Other 14 time periods with the peak values of Na while the low values of Ca indicate 14 declined periods of salt production at Zhongba site since 3000BC.The conclusion obtained from the reverse relationship between Ca and Na contents in this paper is consistent with that＂the salt production at Zhongba site started in the new stone age,developed in the Xia and Shang dynasties,reached at the heyday in periods from the Western Zhou to the Han Dynasties,maintained stable to develop in the Tang and the Song dynasties,and gradually declined after the Song Dynasty because the sea salt were conveyed into Sichuan region,however,still had production in the 1970s-1980s＂,educed from archeological exploration.All the above mentioned results indicate that there is a reverse relationship obviously between the contents of Na and Ca in sediments at Zhongba site for ancient salt production,which can be used to reveal the process of rise and decline of ancient salt industry at Zhongba site.     

一种输电线路平断面提取及精度分析方法

本文根据输电线路平断面图的特点,分别利用激光点云、DOM实现了断面图的自动提取和平面图的人工绘制。依托实际工程介绍了机载激光数据的获取和分级处理,对激光点云的高程精度情况进行评价,分析影响精度的因素;通过内存映射文件的方式实现海量点云数据读取,利用不规则离散点构建Delaunay三角格网进行高程内插实现断面提取,并对断面高程精度进行评定和制图进行改进。     

南海北部陆坡高饱和度天然气水合物气源运聚通道控藏作用

气源运聚通道与天然气水合物富集成藏关系密切。利用准三维地震资料并结合钻探成果,深入研究了神狐海域GMGS3钻探区高饱和度水合物站位气源运移疏导通道地质地球物理特征及其控藏作用。结果表明:高饱和度水合物产出站位发育多种类型运移疏导通道,且与BSR空间耦合关系较好;紧邻BSR之下为强振幅反射,强振幅下部游离气体充注现象明显,表明水合物稳定域下部存在气体运移的通道,且深部气体向浅层发生了运移。深大断裂、底辟及气烟囱构成了沟通深部热解气及浅层生物气与浅层温压稳定域的垂向通道,在这些通道上方可以直接形成水合物;浅部滑塌面、水道砂及海底扇构成的高孔渗连续性砂体为浅层生物气及深部运移而来的部分热成因气横向运移通道,气体的侧向运移扩大了气体供给范围,增加了矿体横向展布规模。文章认为,天然气运移疏导系统与其他成藏要素匹配良好的构造和区域是勘探高饱和度水合物的有利目标。     

Mineralogical Characteristics of Exsolved Spinel in the Panzhihua V-Ti Magnetite Deposit, Sichuan: Implications for the Mineralization Process

Spinel exsolution is widespread in titanomagnetite from the Fe-Ti oxide gabbro of the Panzhihua intrusion, Emeishan Large Igneous Province, SW China. However, little research has been conducted into the implications of patterns in the mineralogical characteristics of the spinel for spatial variation in the controls on the exsolution mechanism and, hence, the formation process of the ore deposit. This study selected the Lanjiahuoshan Ore Block in the Panzhihua V-Ti magnetite deposit to explore this issue, systematically studying exsolution textures in the titanomagnetite through petrographic observation and the integrated use of in-situ microanalysis. The results show that the exsolved spinel gradually becomes finer-grained and less abundant from the center to edge and the bottom to top of the ore bodies. Compositionally, there is an inverse correlation between the size of exsolved spinel grains and their Mg# value. In addition, there is compositional zonation in the spinel interiors, with a gradual increase in the Mg content and decrease in Fe content from the core to the rim. The analysis suggests that fractional crystallization of ferrotitanium magma with a high oxygen fugacity in a shallow magma chamber caused compositional differences in the primary magnetite solid solution in different parts of the Panzhihua intrusion. Additionally, the thermal evolution of the magnetite solid solution differed in different parts of orebody, bringing about variations in spinel development. Together, these effects resulted in spatial variation in the abundance, grain size, and morphology of spinel in different parts of the orebody and intrusion that follows an identifiable distribution law. Furthermore, the compositional zonation of exsolved spinels reflects the rapid growth of exsolution features in a high-temperature environment. Thus, the size, morphology, abundance, and composition of spinel exsolution features in titanomagnetite provide a valuable petrogenetic tool for estimating the maturity and formational environment of the deposit.     

塔里木盆地东北缘兴地塔格群中发现石炭纪放射虫化石

采样点位于314国道旁,库尔勒市北东缘,距市中心仅约10 km(图1).样品采集于兴地塔格群中所夹的一个硅岩块,硅岩块出露面积约10 m2,上直接覆以更新.全新世砾岩.该硅岩块发生了一定的重结晶作用,放射虫化石的保存很差,给放射虫化石的分离和鉴定造成了很大的困难.我们先后3次到该岩块采集共计32块硅岩样品,多次反复分析,终于发现了16颗放射虫化石个体,包括:Albaillella paradoxa Deflandre,Albaillella cf.paradoxa Deflandre和Albaillella sp..这是一个早石炭世早期的放射虫化石组合.     

草原农垦区土地沙质荒漠化过程的生物学机制

以沙质荒漠化正处在发展过程的河北坝上地区和沙质荒漠化严重的科尔沁沙地流沙治理区为例,结合国内外已有的研究成果,探讨草原沙质荒漠化的主要生物学机制。指出在草原农垦区开垦和过度放牧引起的土壤细颗粒物质、养分损失,促进了灌木侵入。灌木侵入又加剧了土壤养分、水分空间格局的改变,在灌丛周围形成一个包括微生物在内的土壤肥力富集区,即灌丛"土壤肥岛",而在丛间发生土壤风蚀和水蚀,导致斑块状流沙甚至大面积流沙的出现。诱发荒漠化的不合理耕作、灌溉、盐渍化、过度放牧等过程同样影响菌根菌的密度和接种成功率,从而降低草地生产力。在草原地区的流沙上建立各种固沙植被不仅使流沙地土壤养分、水分异质性加强,而且使沙地景观异质性增加。还提出用土壤颗粒分形维数来表征土地沙质荒漠化的程度,以空间上不同样点土壤属性变异系数（方差与平均值之比）作为沙质荒漠化土壤属性异质性的测度。