滇西凤庆三岔河晚三叠世火山岩年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

滇西凤庆三岔河地区火山岩岩性主要为英安岩,火山活动以宁静式喷溢为主。锆石LA ICP MS U Pb年代学结果表明,英安岩的形成时代为2097~2188 Ma,锆石中含有大量不同时期的继承锆石核,指示其具有丰富的物质来源。全岩主量、微量元素分析结果显示,英安岩具有富硅、富铝的高钾钙碱性—钙碱性系列岩石特征,中等负Eu异常,轻、重稀土均强烈分馏,轻稀土分馏较重稀土明显,亏损Ta、Ba、Nb、Sr,而富集Rb、Th。地球化学特征显示,该套英安岩可能由古老地壳物质(富含长石的碎屑岩为主)在温度较高的环境中重熔形成,是晚三叠世古特提斯洋盆闭合后的陆内应力调整阶段的岩浆记录。     

Two New Species of Protocedroxylon Gothan (Pinaceae) from the Middle Jurassic of Eastern Inner Mongolia, NE China

Two new coniferous wood taxa, Protocedroxylon zhangii sp. nov. and P. zhalantunense sp. nov., are described from the Middle Jurassic Wanbao Formation in Zhalantun City, Inner Mongolia, NE China. The new discovery represents the first record of petrified wood in the Wanbao Formation, and contributes to further understanding the floral composition, especially that of the forest, of the Wanbao Formation. Anatomically, the two new species are characterized by having a mixed type of radial pitting and Abietineentüpfelung. In extant conifers, Abietineentüpfelung is considered to be characteristic of the wood of Pinaceae. The new discovery further indicates that the first occurrence of Abietineentüpfelung in conifer-like wood should be earlier than the Kimmeridgian. The palaeolatitudinal distribution pattern of Protocedroxylon indicates that the genus is a palaeobiogeographically consistent group, which was probably restricted to wetter and cooler temperate climates. In combination with distinct growth rings, the occurrence of Protocedroxylon suggests that a cool temperate and seasonal climate might have prevailed during the sedimentation period of the Wanbao Formation in eastern Inner Mongolia, NE China. Such a view is also in agreement with the palaeoclimatic conditions indicated by the plant megafossils of the Wanbao Formation.     

全国自动地震速报系统评估

对全国自动地震速报系统进行了初步的评估.通过2010年1月1日-2011年12月31日的自动定位结果与全国正式目录的对比,分别得出了3套自动定位系统总体误差以及全国和全球的误差插值图,并对结果进行了总结.同时,还针对3套自动定位系统的漏报和误报情况进行了分析和讨论.总体来说,现阶段自动地震速报系统整体上对于首都圈地区M≥3.0,国内其它地区M≥4.0(部分台站稀疏的西部地区M≥5.0),国外M≥7.0的地震基本可以达到全面覆盖的程度,可以作为正式地震速报的参考,对于建立“自动报-正式报”的两级地震速报制度能提供有力的技术支撑.     

基岩岛屿地下水数值模拟发展研究现状

基岩岛屿占我国岛屿的90%以上,且岛屿上的淡水资源十分珍贵。目前,岛屿上的供水(船运、雨水收集、海水淡化等)存在成本高、设备易坏等缺点。因此,岛屿的地下水资源无疑是优质、可靠、稳定的供水源。为了更好地开发基岩岛屿地下水资源,认为针对基岩岛屿地下水模拟,从地下水理论、地下水模拟的国内外研究现状和模拟模型等方面进行了综述。总结认为: 基岩岛屿的地下水多以“淡水蘑菇体”的形式储存,有别于沙质岛屿; 模拟模型应概化为横向各项同性的达西流或非达西流,或二者的耦合模型,并归纳了相应的地下水流运动方程; 基岩岛屿地下水模拟模型应分为孔隙型、裂隙型和孔隙-裂隙型3种类型; 在岛屿边界设定上,基岩海岸应设为隔水边界,沙质海岸应设为定水头边界。综述研究认为: 基岩岛屿地下水模拟模型应尽可能精细、完整、精准地刻画基岩岛屿的地质地貌,设置完整的岛屿补径排项; 模拟时,应准确对应基岩岛屿的地下水类型,选准模拟方法与模拟软件; 模型验证工作也是十分重要,需多次与岛屿水量均衡,且与实测水量和水位作对照,不断地修善模型。以上综述成果为我国今后开展基岩岛屿地下水数据模拟提供了理论依据。     

Effect of forest on annual water yield in the mountains of an arid inland river basin: a case study in the Pailugou catchment on northwestern China's Qilian Mountains

The effect of forests on annual water yield is an unresolved central issue in forest hydrology despite years of study. There has been a particular shortage of research in the mountains of arid inland river basins. In the present study, we examined the effects of forests on hydrology using data on precipitation, evaporation, canopy interception, transpiration, and runoff from 1994 to 2008 for the Pailugou catchment of northwestern China's Qilian Mountains. We modelled the water balance to assess the contribution of different vegetation types to annual water yield. In our study area, Picea crassifolia forest covered 38·5% of the catchment area, but contributed little to annual water yield. For an annual average precipitation of 407·1 mm (from 2003 to 2008) at an elevation of 2700 m, the runoff depth from the forest was 11·6 mm, accounting for only 3·5% of total annual water yield of the catchment. For an annual average precipitation of 374·1 mm (from 1994 to 2002), the runoff depth from the forest was ? 14·3 mm (i.e. 5·9% of total annual water yield of the catchment was consumed to sustain tree growth). This has significant implications, because forests are increasingly being planted in the Qilian Mountains, and this may decrease the downstream water supply. Thus, the relationship between the forest and water yield must be better understood to permit the establishment of an appropriate regional level of forest cover. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Orbital period analysis of eclipsing post-novae T Aurigae: Evidence of magnetic braking and an unseen companion

Four new CCD times of light minimum of T Aurigae are presented. The orbital period variation is analyzed by means of the standard O–C technique. The new times of light minimum indicate that a ～24 yr sine-like period variation superimposed on a secular orbital period decrease is obviously seen in the O–C diagram. However, the orbital period should increase because of mass transfer between components. In order to solve this apparent paradox, three possibilities including magnetic braking mechanism, which plays an important role in angular moment loss of binary, are proposed. The mass loss rate $\dot{M}={10}^{-10.4}{M}_{\odot }{\text{yr}}^{-1}$ is derived by assuming that the Alfvén radius of secondary is the same as that of the sun (i.e. $R_A?15R_{\odot }$). Using the observational relationship of ${\dot{M}}_{\mathit{mb}}-P_{\mathit{orb}}(h)$ (McDermott and Taam, 1989, Rappaport et al., 1983), the Alfvén radius of secondary is estimated as $R_A?1.9R_{\odot }$, which only requires a weak magnetic field in secondary. Since the brightness variations of T Aurigae caused by Applegate’s mechanism need large energy beyond the total radiant energy in the time interval of 24 yr, the third body light travel-time effect is the most likely explanation for the 24-yr variation. The third body may be a brown-dwarf star in case of the high orbital inclination.     

福建东南沿海重力场演变特征及其与地震的关系

分析研究了福建地区2001～2008年的流动重力测量资料,探讨了福建东南沿海地区重力场变化与永春ML4．6和长泰ML=4．7级地震的关系。结果表明：这2次地震前,靠近震中测点的重力值有明显的变化。     

2014 年云南盈江Ms 6.1 地震震源机制研究

利用中国数字地震台网记录的区域宽频带波形,通过频率域和时间域多步反演,研究了2014年云南盈江Ms6.1地震基于点源模型的震源机制解和有限断层模型.考虑到使用不同的波形资料类型和简化的一维速度模型等因素对震源参数反演结果的影响,进行了大量的测试比较.结果表明,使用近震波形和本区域简化一维速度模型M1,波形拟合误差最小.基于点源模型的震源机制解显示此次地震发震断层面参数分别为:走向176°/倾角84°/滑动角-173°,表现为一次右旋走滑错动为主的事件.矩心在水平方向上位于震中(24.99°N,97.84.E)北东向约7km,最佳波形拟合矩心深度7km.平均总标量地震矩M0为7.56×1017N·m,计算成矩震级为Mw5.8.进一步模拟高达0.5Hz的高频波形,获得了盈江地震的有限断层模型,结果显示此次地震未表现出明显的破裂方向性.破裂半径约10km,整个破裂面积为267.2km2,平均滑动量约0.05m,破裂在5 s内释放了大多数能量.震后0～2s内,破裂以孕震点为中心向四周同时扩展,在深度7～ 17km内释放了部分能量.2s后,破裂朝断层面顶部和沿走向两侧进一步延伸,约5s后破裂基本停止.