Comprehensive evaluation of ski resort development conditions in northern China

China′s bid for the 2022 Winter Olympic Games will promote rapid development of domestic ski tourism. More than 10 provinces in the northern China list ski tourism as a new source of growth in the tourism industry. Formulating a scientific evaluation system is an important foundation for ski resort development. By referring to the conditions of existing international ski resorts, a comprehensive index system for evaluating ski resort development was developed based on natural factors, human factors, athletic sports, and popular ski tourism. The system was composed of one target layer, two indices, seven sub-indices and twenty-five basic indices. Based on data collected during a field investigation in 2012 and on a statistical model, the development conditions of the following ski resorts were quantified: Yabuli Ski Resort in Heilongjiang Province and Beidahu Ski Resort in Jilin Province in Northeast China, Wanlong Ski Resort in Hebei Province and Nanshan Ski Resort in Beijing in the northern China, and Silk Road International Ski Resort in Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang in the northwestern China. The resulting index values of development conditions at Beidahu, Yabuli, Wanlong, Nanshan, and Silk Road International Ski Resorts were 0.304, 0.278, 0.270, 0.214, and –0.025, respectively. Various natural and human factors exert positive and negative effects on the development potential of ski resorts. The development conditions of the five ski resorts were inferior to those of first-class international resorts. Therefore, the development conditions of the five ski resorts should be improved with future construction.     

地理本性进化与全球地缘政治经济基础探析

从克鲁格曼的地理本性论出发认识全球地缘政治经济基础。本文通过收集2000-2012年的世界主要21个国家（地区）的金融业和制造业增加值,运用区位商模型分析世界主要国家（地区）的金融业与制造业发展集中度,同时对各国资源输出情况进行对比,最后进行聚类分析。结果发现：全球一体化使世界典型国家（地区）类型趋于明显,呈现新的“三个世界”特征：美国、英国、瑞士、新加坡以及中国香港属金融业主导国家（地区）;泰国、中国大陆、韩国、德国、日本、越南和中国台湾属制造业主导国家（地区）;加拿大、俄罗斯、印度尼西亚、马来西亚、澳大利亚和墨西哥属资源开发业主导国家;印度和法国目前在多领域均得到发展,属过渡型国家。这种地理本性决定的经济分工分类,是各国的地缘政治经济学基础,将影响他们的地缘政治经济学立场。     

欺骗攻击下一类神经网络的自适应事件触发H∞滤波

本文主要研究了在欺骗攻击下的离散时间神经网络的H_∞滤波器设计问题.考虑到被控系统和滤波器在一个易受外部网络攻击且带宽有限的共享通信网络上进行信息交换,本文提出了自适应事件触发机制来减轻数据传输的通信负担.此外,由于通信网络的开放性和互通互联,通过共享通信网络传输到滤波器的实际输入信息可能会被攻击者注入的虚假信息所改变.在此基础上,利用构造Lyapunov-Krasovskii泛函、线性矩阵不等式等处理技术,本文给出了滤波误差系统渐近稳定的充分条件,并且设计了满足预设性能的H_∞滤波器,最后通过一个仿真实例验证了所提方法的有效性.     

Structure of the Wollaston Lake Reflector (Trans-Hudson Orogen, Canada) from reflection AVO analysis: Fractured diabase intrusion, fluids, or silicified shear zone?

A nearly 160-km long Wollaston Lake Reflector (WLR) observed in seismic reflection profile S2b of the 1994 Lithoprobe Trans-Hudson Orogen transect (THOT) in northern Saskatchewan (Canada) is among the most spectacular and well-recorded features imaged within the crystalline crust. Based on modeling of its normal-incidence reflectivity, the observed bright spot reflector was originally interpreted as a series of tabular diabase intrusions. In order to further elucidate its structure, we reprocessed line S2b and analysed the WLR for the Amplitude Variations with Offset (AVO). By contrast to conventional (approximate) AVO analysis, we used the exact Zoeppritz equations and considered a thin-layer (mixed positive and negative polarities) reflectivity. The results suggest two possible interpretations of the WLR: 1) the reflector caused by a massive mafic intrusion as suggested earlier, in which case the intruded rocks should have anomalous Poisson's ratios of σ ≥ 0.33, and 2) the WLR represents a silicified shear zone, with only moderate (e.g.,  5–10%) alteration of the host rock and σ ≈ 0.2. Although both of these models may to some extent co-exist within the WLR, its brightness, sharpness, great lateral extent and smooth shape favour the second interpretation.In both models, a fractured fluid-filled zone within a major crustal detachment should have played a key role in the formation of the WLR. The association of the reflector with laterally- and depth-migrating fluids is also supported by magneto-telluric measurements of crustal conductivity beneath the WLR. Analogies from the studies of the Kola Superdeep Borehole (Russia), where free or metamorphic fluids were found at comparable depths, also suggest that fluids may contribute to WLR structure and formation.     

多边形叠加Vatti算法的VCS优化方法与GPU并行化

Vatti算法是常用的矢量多边形裁剪算法之一,在其构建扫描束实现交点计算的过程中,二叉树的数据结构和递归计算方法导致其计算效率受矢量多边形边界顶点数量影响显著。本文针对Vatti算法执行过程中较为耗时的扫描束构建环节,提出了一种多边形边界顶点预排序的优化方法——VCS（Vertex Coordinate Pre-Sorting）方法,并基于该方法实现了对Vatti算法的GPU细粒度并行化。VCS方法使用双向链表对Vatti算法原有的二叉树数据结构进行了替换,以较小的额外存储空间取得了多边形边界顶点信息查找效率的明显提升。在GPU环境下采用双调排序算法对多边形边界顶点数组元素进行并行化排序并过滤出有效值,克服了原始算法使用二叉树存储导致效率低下的问题。实验结果表明,改进后的算法与原始算法相比,具有相同的计算精度;当多边形顶点数量为92万,CUDA每个线程块中的线程数量为32时,使用VCS优化方法,与采用CPU计算构建扫描束方法相比,GPU并行化方法获得了39.6倍的相对加速比,矢量多边形叠加分析算法效率总体上提升了4.9倍。     

四川威远气田水电渗析脱盐浓缩研究

电渗析法对四川威远气田水进行脱盐和浓缩试验取得良好效果,脱盐淡水符合农业灌溉用水标准,浓缩液的组成具有综合利用价值。     

西南极利文斯顿岛含砾泥岩层的发现及其地质意义

西南极南设得兰群岛利文斯顿岛赫德半岛中分布的一套主要由复理石相岩石组成的低级变质沉积岩（迈尔斯陡崖组）被认为是中－ 新生代火山岩的基底（晚古生代－ 早中生代？）。以前含砾泥岩在迈尔斯陡崖组局部地点曾有零星报道,但详细的地质填图确认此地有四层含砾泥岩分布。研究表明,这些含砾泥岩可能是水下碎屑流沉积,其生成环境可能是海底扇中扇的水道。对比在南极半岛所发现有大量的含砾泥岩,则进一步表明利文斯顿岛早期地质特征可与南极半岛相比,两者在中－ 新生代岩浆弧形成之前处于相同的构造环境。     

西双版纳原始热带季节雨林净初级生产力

研究了西双版纳原始热带季节雨林生物量增量、凋落量、叶虫食量和净初级生产量.该雨林年平均净初级生产量为25.764 t/hm2.a,其中各层次的净初级生产量分别为:乔木层23.972 t/hm2.a(占总净初级生产量的93.04 %)、灌木层0.749 t/hm2.a (占2.91 %)、木质藤本层0.431 t/hm2.a(占1.67 %)、草本层0.612 t/hm2.a(占2.38 %).乔木层净初级生产量分配为:凋落量11.566 t/hm2.a、叶虫食量0.694 t/hm2.a和生物量增量11.712 t/hm2.a.     

贺兰山奥陶系研究的新进展

近年来,作者对贺兰山区奥陶系进行了岩石地层及生物地层学的研究,取得了新的进展。确证该区寒武系与奥陶系为连续沉积,对奥陶系进行了合理划分和时代厘定,初步建立了11个化石带或生物组合。该区是华北地台西缘奥陶系发育最好、生物地层研究最清楚的地区。根据沉积物及生物特征,确认本区中奥陶统为大陆边缘斜坡相沉积,浊流特征颇为典型。是研究斜坡沉积作用及其相模式、古构造古地理演化及其含矿性的理想地区。