中国地震台网各类前兆手段地震监测能力的评价

利用1988～2005年18年间全国会商会所提出的各类定点前兆异常,研究其与下一年(1989～2006年)大陆地震的对应关系,从414次地震资料的统计中得出,除地下水位和地磁外,其它5种前兆观测手段在有震区的异常比均低于无震区或全大陆的异常比,但各手段综合异常比在有震区要高于无震区。遵照"地震监测能力好的前兆手段,在其监测范围内,有震时应有较高的异常比,无震时应有较低的异常比"的原则,我们认为地磁和地下水位是比较好的前兆观测方法。     

基于神经网络的滑移隔震结构智能半主动控制

考虑上部结构的刚度和阻尼,使用神经网络控制算法计算基底摩擦力的大小,研究了滑移隔震结构的半主动控制。对计算实例的分析表明,通过半主动控制的滑移隔震结构不但具有较好的隔震效果,且能有效地减小基底的最大滑移量及残余位移。为对比各种控制方法的控制效果,文中还利用Bang-Bang控制和瞬时最优控制算法对滑移隔震结构进行了半主动控制。对比分析表明,基于神经网络控制算法的控制效果优于其它控制算法,具有反馈量少,稳健性强等特点。     

1958-2017年太湖蒸发量年际变化趋势及主控因子

湖泊蒸发对气候变化非常敏感,是水文循环响应气候变化的指示因子,因此研究湖泊蒸发的控制因素,对于理解区域水文循环有重要意义.本文利用太湖中尺度涡度通量网避风港站观测数据校正JRA-55再分析资料,驱动CLM4.0-LISSS模型,并利用2012-2017年涡度相关通量数据和湖表面温度数据检验模型模拟蒸发结果,验证了该模型在太湖的适用性;估算了1958-2017年间太湖的湖面蒸发量,并利用Manner-Kendall趋势检验分析了湖面蒸发的变化趋势,寻找太湖实际蒸发的年际变化的主控因子.结果如下:校正后的JRA-55再分析资料模拟的太湖蒸发与观测值之间存在季节偏差,但是季节偏差在年尺度上相互抵消,再分析资料可用于年际尺度太湖蒸发变化的模拟;1958-2017年间太湖蒸发量以1977年为界,先下降(-3.6 mm/a),后增加(2.3 mm/a);多元逐步回归结果表明,向下的短波辐射是太湖1958-2017年间太湖蒸发变化的主控因子,向下的长波辐射、气温、比湿也对湖泊蒸发年际变化有一定影响,但是风速对蒸发量的年际变化影响不大.     

Facies character and geochemical signature in the late Quaternary meteoric diagenetic carbonate succession at the Xisha Islands,South China Sea

The late Quaternary shallow-water carbonates have been altered by a variety of diagenetic processes, and further influenced by high-amplitude global and regional sea level changes. This study utilizes a new borehole drilled on the Yongxing Island, Xisha Islands to investigate meteoric diagenetic alteration in the late Quaternary shallowwater carbonates. Petrographic, mineralogical, stable isotopic and elemental data provide new insights into the meteoric diagenetic processes of the reef limestone. The results show the variation in the distribution of aragonite,high-Mg calcite(HMC) and low-Mg calcite(LMC) divides the shallow-water carbonates in Core SSZK1 into three intervals, which are Unit I(31.20–55.92 m, LMC), Unit II(18.39–31.20 m, aragonite and LMC) and Unit III(upper 18.39 m of core, aragonite, LMC and HMC). Various degrees of meteoric diagenesis exist in the identified three units. The lowermost Unit I has suffered almost complete freshwater diagenesis, whereas the overlying Units II and III have undergone incompletely meteoric diagenesis. The amount of time that limestone has been in the freshwater diagenetic environment has the largest impact on the degree of meteoric diagenesis. Approximately four intact facies/water depth cycles are recognized. The cumulative depletion of elements such as strontium(Sr),sodium(Na) and sulphur(S) caused by duplicated meteoric diagenesis in the older reef sequences are distinguished from the younger reef sequences. This study provides a new record of meteoric diagenesis, which is well reflected by whole-rock mineralogy and geochemistry.     

冻结粘性土的变形分析

通过三轴压缩试验条件下冻结粘性土变形分析,发现冻结粘性土的体应变明显不为零,随荷载的变化而变化。加荷初期试样体积收缩。但随着荷载的进一步增大而变为膨胀;轴向应变则随偏应力的增大而磁大,表现出明显的粘塑性特征。应力－应变曲线上的准弹性段、屈服处和粘塑性段刚好分别对应体变曲线上的体缩段、体缩量大处和膨胀段。根据冻结粘性土变形曲线。给出了考虑体变形的应力－应变关系。     

新疆乔尕山金矿床成矿流体来源研究

对乔尕山金矿床脆韧性剪切变质成矿作用阶段形成的受不同程度剪切的石英脉中流体包裹体气相成分分析表明,由糜棱岩化石英脉→初糜棱岩石英脉→石英脉糜棱岩,气相成分总量及主要组分Ｈ２Ｏ和ＣＯ２的含量均呈有规律的降低。两个主要成矿阶段形成的石英脉具有相似的Ｈ、Ｏ同位素组成,δ＾１８ＯＨ２Ｏ＝５．２５‰～９．５４‰,δＤＨ２Ｏ＝－７０．９‰,～－４２．０‰,受剪切岩石中矿物中流体包裹体所代表的流体是韧性剪切金矿     

广西资源县车田湾热泉水化学和同位素特征研究

本文通过多种方法对车田湾热泉的水、热来源和循环途径进行了探索性的研究,除采用综合地质及同位素分析方法外,还引入了近年发展起来的碳循环研究方法。结果显示: 该区热泉(群)的水来源于大气降雨;碳同位素分析结果则显示,热水中碳的来源与深部关系不密切;钻孔测井资料显示,水、热的强循环深度在60m 和80～ 100m。由于各泉或钻孔所处的岩性、地质构造和水文地质条件不同,因此它们在水化学及其动态特征、同位素特征等方面具有一定差异。      

冲积沉积构型单元分析法——原理及其适用性

通过对构型单元分析法原理和构型单元界面定义的回顾并结合对延长组的研究，发现构型单元分析法适用于以冲积作用为主要沉积物搬运方式的沉积地层。对岩性呈渐变过程、界面类型单一、界面级别难以确定、成岩改造强烈、同沉积变形发育以及底辟作用强烈的地层，不宜使用构型单元分析法。在河口湾、潮间带和河流三角洲前缘环境中形成的沉积体也不适合进行构型单元分析。     

Metamorphism of the Bikou Group in the Shanxi-Gausu-Sichuan Border Region1

Abstract The Bikou Group on the Shaanxi-Gansu-Sichuan border is composed of Mid-Late Proterozoic metamorphosed bimodal volcanic rocks and flysch sediments. Its metamorphism may be divided into the blueschist and greenschist facies. Three metamorphic zones, i.e. zones A, B, and C, may be distinguished on the basis of the field distribution of metamorphic rocks and the variation of b₀ values of muscovite. Blueschists are characterized by coexistence of sodic amphiboles and epidote and occur as stripes or relict patches in extensive greenschists of zone A. Studies of metamorphic minerals such as amphiboles, chlorite, epidote and muscovite and their textural relationships indicate that blueschists and greenschists were not formed under the same metamorphic physico-chemical conditions. The blueschist facies was formed at temperatures of 300-400°C and pressures of 0.5–0.6 GPa. The greenschist facies in zones A and B has similar temperatures but its pressure is only 0.4 GPa or so. The transition from the blueschist to greenschist facies is a nearly isothermal uplift process. The rock and mineral assemblages of the Bikou Group indicate that the blueschist facies metamorphism of the group might be related to crustal thickening or A-subduction accompanying the closure of an intracontinental small ocean basin.     

高压超高压变质岩抬升—剥露的一种动力学机制分析

综述了高压超高压变质岩带的基本构造特征，认为运用体粘滞性流变学理论可以很好地解释高压超高压变质岩的发育过程及其抬升－剥露动力学机制。