不同量剂凹凸棒石粘土对镉污染菜地的修复实验

凹凸棒石具有较大的比表面积和超强的吸附性能,向土壤中施加一定量的凹凸棒石粘土,会使土壤中有毒重金属元素失去活性,并能有效地阻止其向农作物转移,确保农产品安全。本次试验,利用凹凸棒石粘土特有的物化性能,对八卦洲Cd含量超标的土壤进行了修复试验研究。结果表明,在Cd超标的土壤中施加适量的凹凸棒石粘土矿物,能使芦蒿中的Cd含量降低46%,并且土质及农产品的产量均没有受到不良影响。     

新疆伊吾县宝山铁矿地质特征、成矿模式与找矿方向

宝山铁矿位于新疆东准噶尔晚古生代岛弧岩浆-构造成矿带东部,位于琼河坝铁铜多金属矿集区.宝山铁矿为由热液交代成因夕卡岩型磁铁矿矿体和黄铜矿-磁铁矿矿体、贯入成因夕卡岩型磁铁矿矿体和热液充填型黄铜矿矿脉构成的铁矿床,目前开采的主要为磁铁矿型铁矿.矿区岩浆岩类型多样,主要有花岗岩、辉长岩和辉绿玢岩.从矿体被花岗岩穿插及贯入型磁铁矿中含Co高等特征推断,主成矿岩体可能为隐伏的辉长岩.矿区深部存在规模较大的含矿夕卡岩质成矿流体"生产车间",含矿夕卡岩质流体的形成与迁移是脉动的,成矿后期以铜的成矿为主.宝山铁矿下步的找矿重点应放在对露天采坑深部隐伏铁矿和矿区深部隐伏铜矿的预测与探查.     

U-Pb Zircon and Re-Os Molybdenite Geochronology of theW-Mo Mineralized Region of South Qinling,China, andtheir Tectonic Implications

A W-Mo mineralized region is located along the northern margin of the South Qinling tectonic belt of China. WMo mineralization occurs mainly in Cambrian–Ordovician clastic and carbonate rocks, and the ore bodies are structurally controlled by NW–SE-and NNE–SSW-striking faults. Evidence for magmatism in the area is widespread and is dominated by intermediate–felsic intrusives or apophyses, such as the Dongjiangkou, Yanzhiba, Lanbandeng, and Sihaiping granitic bodies. Quartz-vein-type mineralization and fault-controlled skarn-type mineralization dominate the ore systems, with additional enrichment in residual deposits. At present, there are few or insufficient studies on(1) the age of mineralization,(2) the relationship between intermediate–felsic granite and W-Mo mineralization,(3) the source of ore-forming materials,and(4) the metallogenic and tectonic setting of the mineralized area. In this paper, we present geochronology results for numerous intrusive granitic bodies in the South Qinling tectonic belt. U-Pb zircon geochronology of the Lanbandeng monzogranite and Wangjiaping biotite monzogranite yields ages of 222.7 ± 2.3 and 201.9 ± 1.8 Ma, respectively. In contrast to the Late Triassic age of the Lanbandeng monzogranite, the age of the newly discovered Wangjiaping biotite monzogranite places it at the Triassic–Jurassic boundary. Re-Os molybdenite geochronology on the Qipangou W-Mo deposit yielded a model age of 199.7 ± 3.9 Ma, indicating the deposit formed in the early Yanshanian period of the Early Jurassic. Granitoid intrusions in the mineralized area are characterized by composite granite bodies that crystallized at ca.240–190 Ma. While there were multiple stages of intrusion, most occurred at 210–220 Ma, with waning magmatic activity at 200–190 Ma. The Re-Os age of molybdenite in the region is ca. 200–190 Ma, which may represent a newly discovered period of W-Mo metallogenesis that occurred during the final stages of magmatism. The heat associated with this magmatism drove ore formation and might have provided additional ore-forming components for metallogenesis(represented by the Wangjiaping biotite monzogranite). Ore materials in the mineralized area were derived from mixed crustal and mantle sources. Enrichment of the region occurred during intracontinental orogenesis in the late Indosinian–Yanshanian, subsequent to the main Indosinian collision. At this time, the tectonic environment was dominated by extension and strike-slip motion.     

新疆中天山地块星星峡群形成的构造背景及峰期变质条件

中天山地块是天山造山带的重要组成部分,其前寒武纪基底的年龄自西向东逐渐变老。星星峡群位于中天山地块最东端,是天山造山带最古老的前寒武纪基底。目前为止,有关星星峡群原岩形成的构造背景与后期发生的变形变质作用尚无详细研究。文章重点对星星峡群的变质片岩和片麻岩进行了野外观察和取样,室内开展了薄片观察、矿物电子探针分析以及全岩地球化学测试。全岩主量元素地球化学分析表明,星星峡群变质片岩和片麻岩的原岩主要为泥质岩和砂岩;微量与稀土元素结果显示,星星峡群沉积形成于大陆弧或活动大陆边缘环境。依据矿物电子探针成分分析数据结合全岩主量元素测试结果计算获得,星星峡群所经历的峰期变质温压条件大致为610~730℃,6.8~8.5 kbar。此外,通过最新的基底岩石变质年龄限定星星峡群发生峰期变质的时间大概在380 Ma。     

基于机器学习的锆石成因分类研究

锆石是在自然界中多种温压条件下能够稳定保存,并记录原岩年龄信息的副矿物。锆石微量元素能完整记录地质演化过程信息。通过微量元素分析锆石成因的研究已久,通常利用Th-U图解和La_N-(Sm/La)_N图解等二元图解对锆石进行分类研究。然而,随着锆石研究的深入,以及二元图解无法呈现数据高维度信息的局限性,传统图解已经不能满足对锆石类型进行准确判别,且对已知类型的锆石出现判定偏差。因此,本文将地质大数据与机器学习相结合,训练出高维度锆石成因分类器。文中收集了3 498条不同成因类型的锆石微量元素数据,并通过测试和运用随机森林、支持向量机、人工神经网络和k近邻等4种机器学习算法,最终得出准确率为86.8%的线性支持向量机锆石成因分类器,用于锆石类型的判定与预测。这项工作为锆石分类研究提供了更高维度的判别手段,极大提高了微量元素分析成因结果的精度。将锆石微量元素数据与机器学习方法相结合,是大数据分析与机器学习技术在地球化学研究中的积极探索。     

Reconstruction of the Triassic Tectonic Lithofacies Paleogeography in Qiangtang Region, Northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

The Triassic petrostratigraphic system and chronologic stratigraphic sketch have been updated and perfected in the Qiangtang area, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau based on the integrated 1:250000 regional geological survey and the latest research progeny. The first finished 1:3000000 Triassic tectonic lithofacies paleogeographic maps in the Qiangtang area shows that the Triassic tectonic unit in the Qiangtang area can been divided into three parts from north to south: northern Qiangtang block; Longmucuo-Shuanghu suture zone; and southern Qiangtang block.     

祁连山冻土区含天然气水合物层段的油气显示现象

以祁连山冻土区天然气水合物钻孔DK-2孔为例,对含油气显示岩心样品进行了储集岩热解分析,结合野外观察到的含油气显示现象,讨论了油气显示性质及其对水合物的可能指示意义。野外观察到的油迹、油斑、油浸、油染等不同级别油气显示现象大多产出在细砂岩、中砂岩中,部分产出在粉砂质泥岩夹薄层碳酸盐岩接触面及裂隙中,它们均得到室内储集岩热解分析结果的证实。油气显示所指示原油性质以中质油、重质油为主,少部分为超重油,甚至为沥青。钻孔中油气显示现象与水合物密切伴生,特别是水合物产出深度段或下部常见具中质油特征的油气显示,或可作为水合物一种指示。     

基于稳健模拟退火-单纯形混合算法的微震定位研究

为提高矿井微震的定位精度,通过模拟试验对比分析常规定位及新方法在定位求解中的适用范围及优缺点,研究反演未知变量数目、检波器的密度、波速等对各自定位方法的影响。基于单纯形法的优点,并结合模拟退火法的全局收敛性,提出采用稳健的模拟退火-单纯形法进行微震定位。研究发现,该方法不必直接搜索发震时刻,只需通过稳健方法预先估算,利用较少的检波器就可进行微震定位,且基本不受初始波速影响,从而大大减少搜索步数,有效地提高定位精度及收敛速度。以柿竹园矿人工爆破定位测试试验为例,重点分析比较模拟退火-单纯形法、稳健模拟退火-单纯形法及其他定位方法的空间绝对距离及目标函数误差,认为检波器数量较多且可获得理想的P波信息时,应用非线性最小二乘法能求出可信的结果;其余定位方法的三维定位误差及目标函数误差相差不大,但稳健模拟退火-单纯形法目标函数误差最小,稳定性最高,可在矿井微震定位中推广使用。     

甘肃永靖黑方台地区灌溉诱发作用与黄土滑坡响应

黑方台地区自灌溉以来,诱发了大量的滑坡,但缺乏系统地对研究区的滑坡历史分析研究 在黑方台滑坡历史分析的基础上,研究灌溉引起的地下水位上升过程与滑坡的历史关系,对比分析不同时期的地下水位对滑坡稳定性、滑坡体积及后壁垮塌速度的影响.历史数据分析表明,灌溉引起的水位上升与滑坡发生的频率、体积存在明显的相关性,选取的典型滑坡稳定性计算结果显示滑坡具有多期逐级后退式特征,随着灌溉时间的增长,滑坡体积逐渐减小,但发生频率逐渐增大,基于DEM数据计算的滑坡变形也验证了计算结果.研究成果基本反演了灌溉引起的黄土滑坡历史过程,对黑方台滑坡的综合治理提供了数据支撑.     

次生稠油油藏成藏模式研究—以鲁克沁构造带为例

鲁克沁构造带稠油油藏主要为次生油气藏,原油本身低熟,加之成藏过程中多种原因造成轻质组分逸散,进一步稠化而成。该构造带位于库木凸起前缘,长期处于有利的油气指向部位。台北凹陷二叠系桃东沟群湖相泥岩为长期稳定的油气来源。同时,该构造带断层和不整合面非常发育,为油气运移聚集提供了良好通道。通过对该构造带油气运聚规律的认真研究和总结,概括出次生稠油油藏的成藏模式,对吐哈油田下一步对浅层稀油、浅层气、深部气及深部凝析油的勘探具有重要意义。