Late Neoarchean crustal growth under paired continental arc-back arc system in the North China Craton

The late Archean (~3.0–2.5 Ga) was a key period of continental growth globally, which is widely considered to reflect the onset of vigorous plate tectonic activity, although related continental growth modes remain contentious. Here we investigate a suite of late Neoarchean metavolcanic rocks from the southwest Qixia area of the Jiaobei terrane in the North China Craton. The rocks in this suite include amphibolites, clinopyroxene amphibolites, and hornblende plagioclase gneisses. We present zircon U-Pb isotopic data which indicate that the protoliths of these rocks formed during ~2549–2511 Ma.The (clinopyroxene) amphibolites correspond to meta-basaltic rocks, with some containing high modal content of titanite. These rocks show moderate to high FeO_T (8.96–13.62 wt.%) and TiO₂ (0.59–1.59 wt.%), flat to less fractionated REE patterns, and mildly negative Th, Nb, and Ta anomalies, resembling those of Fe-tholeiites. In addition, they display positive zircon ?_Hf(t) values (+2.6 to +8.7), and are devoid of crustal contamination or fractional crystallization. Combined with the low Nb/Yb (mostly < 1.60) and (Hf/Sm)_N (mostly < 0.95), low to moderate Th/Yb (0.08–0.54), and low V/Sc (5.53–9.19) ratios, these basaltic rocks are interpreted to have been derived from a relatively reduced and depleted mantle source that was mildly metasomatized by hydrous fluids. The hornblende plagioclase gneisses are meta-andesitic rocks, and occur interlayered with the basaltic rocks. They are transitional between tholeiitic and calc-alkaline rock series, and show fractionated REE patterns with evidently negative Th, Nb, and Ta anomalies. The depleted zircon ?_Hf(t) values (+2.4 to +8.4) and quantitative chemical modeling suggest that the andesitic rocks were most likely generated by injection and mixing of juvenile felsic magmas with the tholeiitic basaltic magmas.In general, the chemical features and genesis of late Neoarchean meta-basaltic rocks in our study area resemble those of Mariana back-arc basin basalts. Combined with regional geological data, it is proposed that the Jiaobei terrane witnessed late Neoarchean crustal growth under a paired continental arc-back arc setting. On a regional context, we propose two distinct geodynamic mode of late Neoarchean continental growth across North China Craton (particularly the Eastern Block), i.e., (1) arc-continent accretion along northwestern part of the Eastern Block; and (2) paired continental arc-back arc system surrounding the ~3.8–2.7 Ga continental nuclei to the southeast.     

A novel index to evaluate discretization methods:A case study of flood susceptibility assessment based on random forest

The selection of a suitable discretization method(DM)to discretize spatially continuous variables(SCVs)is critical in ML-based natural hazard susceptibility assessment.However,few studies start to consider the influence due to the selected DMs and how to efficiently select a suitable DM for each SCV.These issues were well addressed in this study.The information loss rate(ILR),an index based on the informa-tion entropy,seems can be used to select optimal DM for each SCV.However,the ILR fails to show the actual influence of discretization because such index only considers the total amount of information of the discretized variables departing from the original SCV.Facing this issue,we propose an index,infor-mation change rate(ICR),that focuses on the changed amount of information due to the discretization based on each cell,enabling the identification of the optimal DM.We develop a case study with Random Forest(training/testing ratio of 7:3)to assess flood susceptibility in Wanan County,China.The area under the curve-based and susceptibility maps-based approaches were presented to compare the ILR and ICR.The results show the ICR-based optimal DMs are more rational than the ILR-based ones in both cases.Moreover,we observed the ILR values are unnaturally small(＜1％),whereas the ICR values are obviously more in line with general recognition(usually 10％-30％).The above results all demonstrate the superiority of the ICR.We consider this study fills up the existing research gaps,improving the ML-based natural hazard susceptibility assessments.     

Effect of freeze–thaw cycles on strength and ductility and microstructure of cement-treated silt with polypropylene fiber

Acta Geotechnica - In this paper, the strength, ductility and microstructure behavior of cement-treated silt with polypropylene fiber was studied by a host of experimental studies. The influence of...     

不同地质建造类型的生态环境功能特征——以西昌地区为例

地质建造背景可以直接反映该地区的形成演化过程、物质组成和地理条件,直接或间接地影响基岩上的生态环境。小范围内生态环境效应由地质建造直接控制,再由不同的气候条件、人类活动进行改造。土壤中的营养元素基本继承于母岩,而气候条件和人类活动同样会对土壤的物理性质、化学性质形成扰动。以中国地质调查局生态地质调查工程之大凉山区生态地质调查项目为依托,以沉积建造特征、空间分布、大地构造属性等因素为基础,将西昌地区划分为11个地质建造单元。通过详细的野外调查和数据分析,对西昌地区不同地质建造单元进行研究,认为建造单元上的生态地质环境存在明显的差异性,地质建造背景直接制约了成土母质及土壤的物理化学性质,营养元素在成土母质和土壤之间的迁移存在明显的继承性。同时,不同的地质建造单元和不同的地理地貌特征共同决定了不同地质建造单元的生态功能属性。研究成果为下一步开展生态地质调查提供依据和思路。     

东昆仑山中段布尔汗布达山地区断裂特征及昆中断裂带南界讨论

布尔汗布达山西南缘属东昆仑造山带腹地,新太古代以来区域构造作用强烈。中二叠世,随着东昆仑地区多岛洋盆依次关闭,研究区形成数条近于平行的EW向深大断裂组合,构成昆中断裂带主体格架。通过研究分析与断裂相关的地形地貌、遥感影像、地球物理、岩石地层、变形变质、断裂结构组成、显微构造等,总结出主要断裂特征,并梳理了区内构造格架,针对尚未统一认识的昆中断裂带南界问题进行探讨,最终认为温冷恩断裂属昆中断裂带南界断裂。研究成果为进一步开展相关地质问题分析提供了依据。     

基于遥感的大兴安岭小扬气镇用地类型变化及生态环境状况评价

大兴安岭小扬气镇位于大兴安岭南部,属大小兴安岭森林生态功能区,森林覆盖率高,湿地资源丰富,曾是木材生产基地。为掌握小扬气镇用地类型现状及其变化,开展生态状况评价,利用多源卫星遥感数据,通过多尺度图像分割、决策树及目视解译等方法分别对该区1985年、1998年、2008年和2018年土地利用类型进行提取,计算生态环境状况指数(I_E),评价生态环境状况。结果表明: 小扬气镇土地利用类型以林地、沼泽、水域为主,三者占研究区总面积的97%以上; 沼泽草地主要由阔叶林转化而来,耕地主要由阔叶林、沼泽草地转化而来,草地主要转化为阔叶林、沼泽草地,阔叶林与沼泽草地之间的相互转化最为剧烈; 新增工矿仓储用地主要占用了原有阔叶林土地,新增住宅用地主要占用了原有的沼泽草地、阔叶林、森林沼泽等。总体来看,区内生态环境状况良好,在维护生态安全、促进当地绿色经济发展中起到了重要作用。     

Machine learning reveals the influences of grain morphology on grain crushing strength

Acta Geotechnica - Grain morphology has significant impacts on the mechanical behaviors of granular materials. However, its influences on grain breakage are still poorly understood due to the...     

世界气象中心(北京)全球预报服务共享平台设计与实现

世界气象中心(北京)建设是中国气象局承担世界气象组织(WMO)的全球数据处理和预报系统(GDPFS)要求的任务,为全球实时气象预报预测业务提供高效丰富的无缝隙天气气候监测、预报、预测分析指导产品及数据产品服务共享,提高区域性国际天气业务会商交流效率,国家气象中心设计并实现了世界气象中心(北京)全球预报服务共享平台,通过分析全球监测、预报预测等业务数据海量、异构、实时性强等特征,采用浏览器/服务器(B/S结构)多层架构和分布式实时处理、任务调度等关键技术实现了全球实况监测、天气模式、气候模式、模式检验数据的高效加工预处理、产品分析制作、产品自动流转、网络服务共享和业务指导等全流程业务功能,并提供了国际天气预报会商等专业化功能。平台自2018年6月6日业务运行以来,已有13个国家和地区注册会商用户,超过15万次全球访问量,为全球专业用户高效提供了全球实时天气监测、预报服务产品业务指导,未来将成为中国气象局对外气象业务指导和气象服务的重要窗口和纽带。     

CCSM4模式对东北气温和降水的模拟及预估

利用东北地区162个气象观测站逐月气温和降水资料对CCSM4模式的模拟性能进行了评价,并预估了2021—2050年东北地区的气候变化情景。结果表明:CCSM4模式长期历史气候模拟实验模拟的1961—2005年月平均气温、降水量值能较好地再现东北区域年平均气温、降水量的空间分布形态,但气温模拟值比观测偏低,91. 4%站点误差在1. 5℃以内;降水中心比观测略偏北,全区平均偏多35. 18 mm。2021—2050年东北区域年平均气温呈增温趋势,高纬度地区的增温幅度明显大于低纬度地区,与基准年相比,RCP2. 6、RCP4. 5和RCP8. 5情景下全区分别偏高6. 00℃、5. 86℃和6. 42℃。年降水量分布呈东南向西北递减的形态,降水大值中心出现在东南部吉林与辽宁交界处,RCP2. 6、RCP4. 5和RCP8. 5情景下全区分别偏多15. 2%、3. 1%和2. 0%。     

2017年冬季长沙一次重度霾污染天气过程气象成因分析

利用空气质量监测资料、常规气象资料,根据气象条件的水平和垂直扩散能力,以及地面湿度和动力条件等分析了2017年1月27—29日长沙地区这次严重空气污染事件的污染特征。结果表明:污染发生时段,南支槽不断加深东移,槽前势力强盛的西南气流将孟加拉湾一带的水汽向长沙地区输送,进一步增加了该地区的空气湿度。同时,持续东移的脊前暖平流对长沙中低层大气增温有显著影响,为稳定的大气层结创造了有利条件。长沙处于弱高压的底后部,受大范围的弱鞍型场及均压场控制,地面有暖倒槽发展,且由于高压较弱,导致地面和低空的风速较小,不利于污染物的水平扩散,同时有利于夜间地面的辐射降温。稳定的大气环流形势为霾天气和严重污染提供了持续稳定的大气环境场,逆温结构和稳定温度层结在一定程度上减弱了大气在垂直方向上的湍流交换和热力对流,大气中的污染颗粒不易扩散,为此次污染事件的维持、加剧提供了重要的气象条件。长沙地区处在罗霄山脉和雪峰山脉之间的湘江故地,受周边地形阻挡的影响,污染物在下沉气流的控制下聚集到长沙地区后,很难通过水平输送离开,这也是造成此次霾污染的原因之一。