山西临汾中心地震台石英摆倾斜仪前驱波特征分析

文章对山西临汾中心地震台石英摆倾斜仪记录到的2008至2009年3月全球MS≥7.0、中国大陆MS≥6.0地震前前驱波进行了统计,结果表明,全球50%的大于7.0级地震震前有前驱波记录,而对于中国大陆大于6.0级地震震前也有前驱波记录;前驱波出现的时间多为震前几小时到7 d左右,存在有形态和幅度的差异,且对应的地震具有地区性的特点.     

页岩气资源量计算：以鄂尔多斯盆地中生界三叠系延长组长7为例

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7暗色泥页岩是重要的烃源岩。最近的勘探表明,长7具有良好的页岩气开发前景。重点利用鄂尔多斯盆地279口测井资料、18口取心井的347块岩样实验室多种分析测试资料,开展了鄂尔多斯盆地中生界延长组长7页岩气的岩性、岩相、孔隙类型、有机碳含量、热演化程度、含气性、气体储存方式及其在测井曲线的反响研究;在页岩气形成条件的研究基础上,建立了岩性、含气性、有机质含量与自然伽马、声波时差、电阻率之间的关系,有效地识别含气泥页岩;选择容积法对延长组页岩气资源量进行计算,为未来页岩气的勘探和开发奠定基础。     

中国西北内陆盆地水分垂直循环及其生态学意义

中国西北内陆盆地中的地下水系统,对维系其浅表水分、热量、盐分均衡以及地表的生态平衡、土壤的资源属性和局部地域气候相对稳定性具有不可或缺的调节作用,这种调节作用是通过饱和带水、包气带水(土壤水)、近地表大汽水和植物体内水("四水")之间的垂直循环来实现的.目前的相关研究主要侧重于地下水与地表植被类型间对应关系的统计分析,较少涉及水分运移的机制;而以水分垂直循环的动力学机制为研究对象的SPAC系统(土壤-植物-大气连续体),则对地下水的重视程度不够,且存在着尺度转换的困难,更为完整的应该是GSPAC系统(地下水-土壤-植物-大气连续体).干旱区内陆盆地地下水生态效应的研究需要开展以下的工作:"四水"垂直循环的动力学过程与机制研究,尤其是饱水带-包气带界面水、汽、热转化过程的研究;人类活动影响下地下水系统演化特征的研究,它不仅是实现水分垂直循环研究的最终目的——水资源合理开发利用的中间环节,更是将"四水"垂直循环这一微观水文循环过程与区域水文循环过程相结合,实现尺度转化的关键所在.     

2019年碌曲震群精定位分析

1 研究背景 震群是地震序列的一种形式,其发震构造历来是地震研究的关注点之一.而双差定位方法被广泛应用于震群序列的分析研究中. 甘肃地区地质构造复杂,各种强度的地震发生频度较高,震群发生概率也相对偏高.据甘肃地震台网目录,2019年1月18日—2月18日,甘肃碌曲接连发生64次地震(图1中黄色实心圆),其中ML 0.0...     

Distribution and germination of viable diatom resting stage cells in sediments of the East China Sea

The abundance and temporal patterns of viable diatom resting stage cells in sediments of the East China Sea in 2006 have been investigated. The abundance of viable resting stages was enumerated with the most probable number (MPN) technique. Overall, 25 diatom species (including varieties) belonging to 16 genera were detected. Viable resting stage cells were common, on the order of 10³ to 10⁶ cells/g dry mass. The abundant taxa included Skeletonema marina, S. dohrnii, Chaetoceros curvisetus and Thalassiosira spp., with Skeletonema accounting for 83.3% of the cell. The effects of temperature (10, 15, 20, 25℃), salinity (20, 25, 30, 35 psu) and light intensity (0, 300, 4 000, 8 000 lux) on the germination of resting stages in sediment samples were also determined. The results showed that light intensity had a significant positive effect on the germination of diatom resting stage cells (p <0.01) and that diatoms could not germinate in darkness. Temperature and salinity had no noticeable effects on the germination. The present study suggests that there are abundant diatom resting cells in sediments of the East China Sea, which could serve as a "seed bank" in the phytoplankton population succession and contribute to the initiation of algal blooms.     

基于MODIS的青藏高原逐日无云积雪产品算法

青藏高原积雪对高亚洲地区水和能量循环起着重要的反馈和调节作用,其变化影响着融雪性河流流量,对下游水资源和经济活动具有重要影响。中分辨率成像光谱仪（MODIS）具有较高的时空分辨率,被广泛应用于积雪遥感动态监测,然而光学遥感积雪受云层影响严重,且青藏高原地区水汽分布不均,局地对流活跃,积雪的赋存时间变化快,这给高原地区逐日积雪监测及其气候学制图带来挑战。在考虑青藏高原地形和积雪分布特征情况下,结合现有的云覆盖下积雪判别算法,采用8个不同方法的组合,逐步实现MODIS逐日无云积雪算法。选取2009年10月1日-2011年4月30日两个积雪季为研究期,并采用145个地面台站观测雪深数据对去云算法各步骤过程开展精度验证,结果表明：当积雪深度>3 cm时,逐日无云积雪产品总分类精度达到96.6%,积雪分类精度达83%,积雪判对概率（召回率）达到89.0%,算法可实现青藏高原地区逐日无云积雪动态监测和积雪覆盖气候学数据重建,对高亚洲地区的水、生态和灾害等全球环境变化影响研究具有重要的意义。     

应用实时定量PCR技术检测秦皇岛近岸海域褐潮原因种——抑食金球藻(Aureococcus anophagefferens)

Aureococcus anophagefferens, a small pelagophyte algae, has caused brown tide blooms in coastal waters of Qinhuangdao in recent years, presenting significant negative impacts on the shellfish mariculture industry. Under standard light microscopy, it is visually indistinguishable from other small algae in field samples due to its extremely small size. In this study, quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR) based on 18 S r DNA sequences was developed and used to detect and enumerate A. anophagefferens. A linear regression(R2 = 0.91) was generated based on cycle thresholds value(Ct) versus known concentrations of A. anophagefferens. Twenty-two field samples collected in coastal waters of Qinhuangdao were subjected to DNA extraction and then analyzed using q PCR. Results showed that A. anophagefferens had a wide distribution in coastal waters along Qinhuangdao. Elevated A. anophagefferens abundance, category 3 brown tide blooms(200 000 cells/m L) occurred at Dongshan Beach and Tiger-stone Beach in August in 2013. In shellfish mariculture areas along coastal waters of Qinhuangdao, 4 stations had category 3 blooms, and 6 stations had category 2 blooms(35 000–200 000 cells/m L) in August and all stations had category 1 blooms(0 to ≤35 000 cells/m L) in October. Quantitative PCR allows for detection of A. anophagefferens cells at low levels in filed samples, which is essential to effective management and prediction of brown tide blooms.     

New Study of Anshunsaurus huangnihensis Cheng, 2007 (Reptilia: Thalattosauria): Revealing its Transitional Position in Askeptosauridae

The skull of Anshunsaurus huangnihensis Cheng, 2007, especially the skull roof, is described in detail in this paper. Compared to other genera and species of Askeptosauroidea, Anshunsaurus huangnihensis has some important transitional characters from Askeptosaurus italicus to Anshunsaurus huangguoshuensis: the rostral length related to the skull length between Askeptosaurus italicus and Anshunsaurus huangguoshuensis; the postfrontal existing but distinctly reduced; the posterolateral process relatedly short and overlapping the parietal. The phylogenetic analysis weakly supports the evolutional progress from Anshunsaurus huangnihensis to Anshunsaurus huangguoshuensis. The skeletal ratios indicated that the node among the Askeptosauridae ingroup. The evolutional direction of Askeptosauridae should be from Askeptosaurus italicus to Anshunsaurus huangguoshuensis. The skeletal ratios indicated that the evolutional progress is Askeptosaurus italicus – Anshunsaurus huangnihensis – Anshunsaurus huangguoshuensis. In biogeography provinces, the Askeptosauroidea taxa from south China have a close relationship with those from western Tethys; however, Xinpusaurus from the Late Triassic is more related to those from the eastern Pacific.     

辽西新台门白垩纪火山岩~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年及其对蝾螈化石层时代的约束

富含热河生物群鸟类和恐龙化石的辽西白垩纪地层属于中生代陆相火山沉积,其不同区域之间的地层对比和时代归属一直存有较大争议。本文采用激光40Ar/39Ar年代学方法,对葫芦岛新台门地区一个实测剖面中蝾螈化石点下伏的两层火山岩夹层进行了年代学研究。通过地层中火山岩夹层及火山岩颈的年代学测定,获得6组激光40Ar/39Ar年代结果。其中,下部层位中的流纹岩和安山质玄武岩样品XTM-3、XTM-5年龄结果分别为94.2±1.3Ma、93.7±1.3Ma;作为这一期喷发晚期就位的火山岩颈样品XTM-7的年龄结果为92.8±0.4Ma;而上部层位的安山岩和安山玄武岩火山岩夹层样品XTM-6、XTM-8、XTM-9年龄分别为110.1±1.0Ma、110.9±0.5Ma、93.7±1.2Ma。随后我们又从XTM-9位置的化石点下部采集样品XTM-9-2,进行实验验证。得到的结果表明,新台门地区早白垩世地层记录了至少两期火山喷发事件,喷发时间分别为110Ma和93Ma。根据测年结果,新台门白垩系的蝾螈化石层应代表中国北方中生代地层中迄今所发现的有尾两栖类化石纪录的最高层位,可能与辽西地区的九佛堂组或甚至与阜新组相当。     

新疆、青海、俄罗斯糖白玉的宝石学特征对比分析

为了查明新疆、青海、俄罗斯三地所产糖白玉的结构、成分和成因差异,在观察原料外观特征的基础上,采用常规宝石学方法、偏光显微镜、X射线粉末衍射仪和电子探针研究新疆、青海、俄罗斯糖白玉样品,从结构类型、矿物组成、化学成分和成因特征等方面进行对比分析。结果表明,以上三地糖白玉的主要矿物组成均为透闪石,次要矿物组成则各有不同。新疆、俄罗斯糖白玉以毛毡状变晶结构为主,青海糖白玉以纤维状变晶结构和纤维-隐晶质变晶结构为主;初步认定以上三地糖白玉的糖色为次生色,主要由褐铁矿导致。结合相关地质背景和风化作用特征,推测以上三地糖白玉不同的外观特征主要受玉体成矿后期和成矿期结束后周围环境变化的影响。