The 3D simulation and optimized management model of groundwater systems based on eco-environmental water demand

Through the study of mutual process between groundwater systems and eco-environmental water demand, the eco-environmental water demand is brought into groundwater systems model as the important water consumption item and unification of groundwater’s economic, environmental and ecological functions were taken into account. Based on eco-environmental water demand at Da’an in Jilin province, a three-dimensional simulation and optimized management model of groundwater systems was established. All water balance components of groundwater systems in 1998 and 1999 were simulated with this model and the best optimal exploitation scheme of groundwater systems in 2000 was determined, so that groundwater resource was efficiently utilized and good economic, ecologic and social benefits were obtained.     

The paleogeographic implications of loess mounds: Laizhou Bay plain

The loess mounds are a newly discovered type of landforms on the Laizhou Bay plain south of the Bohai Sea. Research shows that they were formed in the late period of the late Pleistocene when the Bohai Sea was exposed in the period of late Wümu glacial age and changed into plain. As the exposed area is not protected by vegetation, the sediments at the sea bottom are blown and transported southward by strong north winds, and deposit on the coastal plains. As thick loess is accumulated, the loess mound landforms are formed in the direction of down wind.     

The relative stability of prehistorical geographic environment in China's tropics on the basis of archaeology

According to archaeological data from about sixty samples the relative stability of physical and human geographical environment in the tropical zone of China is discussed in this paper. Because of the superior natural environment, sufficient food resources and a sparse population resulting in the absence of social requirement to transform the productive forces, the advancement of economy and society was stagnated during prehistorical period in China's tropics. Compared with northern China, the appearance of ground stone tool stagnated about 3,000 years, the beginning of Bronze Age, about 1,000 years, and the agriculture, 2,500-3,000 years. The no ceramics age continued till the early Neolithic Age and the appearance of colour or white ceramics was 2,000 years later than that in northern China. The life form of migration to gather and to hunt continued till the middle Neolithic Age, and the fixed settlement based on agriculture 1,000-2,000 years stagnated. The clan commune just appeared at the end of the Neolithic Age which was 2,000-3,000 years later than that in northern China.     

基于DEM的黄河流域天文辐射空间分布

基于1 km×1 km分辨率的数字高程模型(DEM) 数据,利用建立的起伏地形下天文辐射分布式计算模型,计算了黄河流域1 km×1 km分辨率各月天文辐射的空间分布。结果表明:局部地形对黄河流域年和四季天文辐射的空间分布影响明显;在太阳高度角较低的冬季,地理和地形因子对天文辐射的影响相当强烈,山区天文辐射的空间差异大,1月份向阳山坡(偏南坡) 天文辐射可为背阴山坡(偏北坡) 的2~3倍,极端天文辐射的差异可达10倍以上;而在太阳高度角较高的夏季,天文辐射空间差异较小,7月份不同地形极端天文辐射的差异仅在16%左右;四季中,地形对天文辐射影响的程度为冬季>秋季>春季>夏季。     

生态交界带特征与动态变化机理分析

文章论述了生态交界带是两个以上生态系统交接的过渡带，它具有特有的生态系统结构，生态交界带生态系统的结构，功能和物质，能是以及信息的交流与相邻生态系统有密切的联系，但又表现出明显的异质性，其动态变化机理显示生态交界带内物质，能量和信息的均衡状况。     

两湖平原农业洪害特征与减灾技术措施

两湖平原是我国农业水资源最丰富的地区之一，河湖水系四通八达，农业生产条件优越。由于人类不适当的经济活动，大规模围湖垦殖破坏了两湖平原自然生态环境，洪涝频繁发生，农业损失严重。两湖平原必须实施综合性的农业减灾技术措施：长江上中游地区实施退耕还林、全面启动天然林保护工程，保持水土；两湖地区实行退田还湖，提高湖泊分蓄洪能力；应用GPS、GIS技术预警，有效调度洪水；调整湖区农业结构，发展避洪农业。     

塔里木河下游地下水位与水化学成分关联度排序分析

根据2001年塔里木河下游第四次生态输水前后地下水位、水质变化的监测和取样分析资料。运用灰色关联分析法。对塔里木河下游地表生态输水前、后的地下水位与地下水化学成分进行了关联分析。分析研究表明，生态输水对地下水质的影响比较明显。在关联排序中。阴离子的SO4^2-、Cl^-以及阳离子的Ca^2 、Mg^2 与地下水位变化的关联性较强；pH值与地下水位的关联度最低。仅为0．534；矿化度与地下水位关联度最高,达到0．863。     

粘性泥石流残留层的形成及减阻作用--以云南蒋家沟泥石流为例

通过对云南蒋家沟粘性泥石流的野外观测 ,讨论了粘性泥石流残留层的定义特征 ,在大量实测数据基础上 ,分析了残留层易形成时段的特性 ;分别对一次泥石流过程、若干阵泥石流和一阵泥石流残留层的变化进行了相关分析 ;最后用观测数据分析了泥石流残留层的减阻作用     

川藏公路拉月滑坡的块状破坏特征

拉月滑坡位于东久河左岸，为典型的高位岩质滑坡。1967—08—29拉月一带山体突然发生特大型滑坡，体积超过千万立方米，是川藏公路线上著名的“拉月大塌方”灾害。文章应用块状岩体稳定性分析方法，对同结构岩石块体相互嵌合、形成具不同稳定状况的的岩体结构、控制了滑坡的发生的特点进行了分析，证明该方法判别岩质滑坡的稳定性是非常有效的。岩质滑坡在西藏与西南地区都十分普遍，因此，通过对拉月滑坡块状破坏过程的分析，对其它岩质滑坡的稳定性判别具有很好的借鉴作用。