共享社会经济路径在土地利用、能源与碳排放研究的应用

情景是气候变化研究的重要工具。为了科学支撑气候变化科学评估和研究,2010年政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)提出了共享社会经济路径(Shared Socioeconomic Pathways, SSPs)。作为从社会经济变化视角构建的气候情景,SSPs促进了气候变化科学基础、影响、脆弱性、风险、适应和减缓等学科的综合研究。本文介绍了SSPs情景研发与应用过程;阐述了全球和中国的人口经济、土地利用、能源和碳排放的模拟和预估主要成果;探讨了全球和中国碳排放路径及其与“双碳”目标的关系;并展望了SSPs应用前景。     

美国红鱼试养的初步研究

笔者自行培育的美国红鱼苗体长25～30mm．1996年6月上、中旬到当年12月中旬．其个体的平均重量分别达到了750g和800g，生长速度优于我国其他养殖鱼种。     

青龙山超高压变质榴辉岩绿帘石化学成分与流体包裹体特征

青龙山超高压变质榴辉岩中的绿帘石经历了四个演化阶段：早期绿帘角闪岩相进变质阶段形成的绿帘石，其化学成分以含铁高为特征，Fe2O3为14．796～17．84％，XFe=0．413～0．486，而CaO和Al2O3含量较低；柯石英榴辉岩相变质阶段和石英榴辉岩相变质阶段形成的绿帘石，其化学成分呈现连续变化，核部相对富Fe2O3，为11．933～12．993％，XFe=0．322-0．358，而CaO和Al2O3含量低，主要形成于柯石英榴辉岩相变质阶段；边部Fe2O3的含量低，为9．628-10．138％，XFe=0．275～0．286，而CaO和Al2O3的含量高，主要形成于石英榴辉岩相退变质阶段；晚期退变质角闪岩相阶段形成的绿帘石，其化学成分与绿帘角闪岩相变质阶段相似，也以富含Fe2O3为特征，XFe=0．433。绿帘石化学成分的变化反映了苏鲁超高压变质带快速俯冲快速折返的过程。绿帘石中存在三种不同盐度的含Mg^2＋、Fe^2＋等金属阳离子的NaCl水溶液包裹体，高盐度（22．5wt％NaCl至略大于23．2wt％NaCl）的水溶液包裹体形成于柯石英榴辉岩相变质阶段，中高盐度（12．6-16．0wt％NaCl）的水溶液包裹体形成于石英榴辉岩相变质阶段，而中等盐度（6．4-11．7wt％NaCl）的溶液包裹体形成于角闪岩相退变质阶段。绿帘石中流体包裹体的研究证实超高压变质作用及后期的折返过程中并不存在大规模的流体作用，变质流体的活动限于矿物晶体颗粒范围。     

基于拓扑一致性的线目标空间冲突检测方法

现有的空间冲突检测方法需要将复杂的空间关系与定义的规则相比较.由于规则的不完备性,这些方法容易漏检或误检.为此,首先分析了拓扑冲突的类型和产生原因;然后以线目标间拓扑冲突为例,研究了线目标间拓扑关系的表达与计算、综合前后线目标间对应关系、拓扑关系的一致性评价方法;最后通过对对应的拓扑关系进行一致性检验,来检测已有方法漏...     

藏南喜马拉雅造山带造山型马扎拉Au-Sb矿床和沙拉岗Sb矿床流体包裹体He-Ar同位素组成:对成矿流体来源的制约

马扎拉Au-Sb矿床和沙拉岗Sb矿床是藏南金锑成矿带中典型的造山型矿床。马扎拉Au-Sb矿床中矿体以含金辉锑矿石英脉的形式产于下中侏罗统陆热组地层中,主要组成矿物有自然金、辉锑矿、石英和碳酸盐矿物;沙拉岗Sb矿床中矿体主要以辉锑矿石英脉的形式产于下白垩统多久组地层和辉长岩体中,主要组成矿物为辉锑矿、辰砂、锑华、石英和少量碳酸盐矿物。在两个矿床的矿脉石英和辉锑矿中均发现有三类原生和假次生包裹体:水溶液包裹体、CO2-水溶液包裹体和有机包裹体。流体包裹体显微测温结果显示:马扎拉Au-Sb矿床的成矿温度为160～280℃,沙拉岗Sb矿床的成矿温度为140～240℃。He-Ar同位素分析显示马扎拉Au-Sb矿辉锑矿石英脉矿石中辉锑矿和石英以及赋矿地层中沉积层状硫化物中黄铁矿的流体包裹体均具有低的3He/4He比值,分别为0. 01382～0. 05642Ra和0. 03353～0. 08744Ra,40Ar/36Ar比值具有比较大的变化范围,分别为346. 8～4770. 1和349. 4～2689. 1;沙拉岗Sb矿床中辉锑矿样品的3He/4He比值为0. 02385～0. 11488Ra,40Ar/36Ar比值变化小,为300. 6～537. 5。与藏南Au-Sb成矿带中造山型Au矿床成矿流体中含一定量的幔源挥发份相对比,马扎拉AuSb矿床和沙拉岗Sb矿床成矿流体中均无幔源流体的参与,马扎拉Au-Sb矿床成矿流体为壳源变质流体与改造型饱和大气水形成的混合流体;沙拉岗Sb矿床成矿流体以改造型饱和大气水为主,并有壳源变质流体的加入。     

Hydrothermal Mineralization on the Mesoproterozoic Passive Continental Margins of China： A Case Study of the Langshan-Zha＇ertaishan Belt, Inner Mongolia, China

Most ore-forming characteristics of the Langshan-Zha‘ertaishan hydrothermal exhalation belt, which consists of the Dongshengmiao, Huogeqi, Tanyaokou and Jiashengpan large-superlarge Zn-Pb-Cu-Fe sulfide deposits, are most similar to those of Mesoproterozoic SEDEX-type provinces of the world. The characteristics include: (1) All deposits of this type in the belt occur in third-order fault-basins in the Langshan-Zha‘ertaishan aulacogen along the northern margin of the North China Platform; (2) these deposits with all their orebodies hosted in the Mesoproterozoic impure dolomite-marble and carbonaceous phyllite (or schists) have an apparent stratabound nature; ores display laminated and banded structures, showing clear depositional features; (3) there is some evidence of syn-sedimentary faulting, which to a certain extent accounts for the temporal and spatial distribution and the size of the orebodies in all deposits and the formation of intrabed conglomerates and breccias; (4) they show lateral and vertical zonation of sulfides; (5) The Cu/(Pb Zn Cu) ratio of the large and thick Pb Zn Cu orebodies gradually decreases from bottom to top; and (6) barite is interbedded with pyrites and sometimes with sphalerite. However, some characteristics such as the Co/Ni radio of the pyrites, the volcanism, for example, of the Langshan-Zha‘ertalshan metallogenic belt, are different from those of the typical SEDEX deposits of the world. The meta-basic volcanic rock in Huogeqi, the sodic bimodal volcanic rocks in the Dongshengmiao and potassic bimodal-volcanic rocks with blastoporphyfitic and blasto-glomeroporphyritic texture as well as blasto-amygdaloidal structure in the Tanyaokou deposits have been discovered in the only ore-bearing second formation of the Langshan Group in the past 10 years. The metallogeny of some deposits hosted in the Langshan Group is closely related to syn-sedimentary volcanism based on the following facts: most of the lead isotopes in sphalerite, galena, pyrite, pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite plot on both sides of the line for the mantle or between the lines for the mantle and lower crust in the lead isotope composition diagram; cobalt content of some pyrites samples is much higher than the nickel content (Co/Ni= 11.91-12.19). Some volcanic blocks and debris have been picked out from some pyritic and pyrrhotitic ores. All Zn-Pb-Cu-Fe sulfide orebodies in these deposits occur in the strata overlying metamorphic volcanic rocks in the only ore-bearing second formation. In the Jiashengpan deposit that lacks syn-sedimentary volcanic rocks in the host succession only Pb and Zn ores occur without Cu ore, but in the Dongshengmiao, Tanyaokou and Huogeqi deposits with syn-sedimentary volcanic rocks in the host succession Cu ores occur. This indicates a relatively higher ore-forming temperature. The process of synsedimentary volcanic eruption directly supplied some ore-forming elements, and resulted in secular geothermal anomaly favorable for the circulation of a submarine convective hydrothermal system, which accounts for the precipitation of deep mineralizing fluids exhaling into anoxidic basins along the syn-sedimentary fault system in the Langshan-Zha‘ertai rift. The Dongshengmiao, Tanyaokou, and Huogeqi deposits hosted in the Langshan Group appear to be a transitional type of mineral deposit between SEDEX and VMS-types but with a bias towards SEDEX, while the Jiashengpan deposit hosted in the Zha‘ertai Group is of a characteristic SEDEX type. This evidence, together with other new discoveries of Mesoproterozoic volcanic rocks and the features of lithogeny and metallogeny of the Bayun Obo deposit in the neighborhood emphasize the diversity, complexity and uniqueness of the Mesoproterozoic Langshan-Zha‘ertal-Bayun Obo ore belt.     

2010年7月19日新乡大暴雨天气分析

利用常规观测资料、卫星云图资料、雷达回波和NCEP全球最终分析资料(FNL),对2010年7月19日新乡区域性大暴雨过程进行了诊断分析.结果表明:在西南涡与副高相互作用的天气形势下,中低层切变线等影响系统造成了这次区域性大暴雨;对流层中低层副高外围强盛的西南急流将海上充沛的水汽输送到大暴雨区并在此汇集,造成新乡地区上空...     

我国测绘卫星的发展思路和应用展望

国家测绘局经过多年的研究开发,已基本形成了卫星测图的科学生产工艺,对于更大程度上发挥卫星遥感应用潜力起到了积极推动作用。为适应遥感技术的发展,国家测绘局已经于2005年编制了《测绘部门十一五航天规划(草案)》,测绘卫星计划包括研制发射我国自主的测绘系列卫星和建立自主版权的测绘卫星综合应用服务体系。高分辨率测绘系列卫星包括:高分辨率光学立体测图卫星、干涉雷达卫星、激光测高卫星和重力卫星等。随着我国航天事业和卫星制造技术的蓬勃发展,未来的卫星测绘应用能力将得到进一步加强。     

基于Sentinel-2的潮间红树林提取方法

位于潮间带的红树林可能在高潮时被海水淹没的特点,使得传统的植被提取方法在红树林信息提取方面存在局限性。本文在对比分析了出露的红树林、高潮水位淹没的红树林、海水水体的光谱特征后,提出了一种利用归一化潮间红树林指数（NIMI）提取潮间带红树林的方法。该指数是由植被强吸收的红波段,强反射的两个红边波段和近红外波段组成的归一化表达式。利用该指数对福建省龙海九龙江口湿地的红树林进行了分类提取,提取结果与高分二号影像目视验证和现场调查结果进行了对照。结果显示,该方法提取红树林的用户精度达到93.98%,并显著优于利用归一化水体指数（NDWI）、归一化植被指数（NDVI）及随机森林的结果。     

侵蚀型天坑演化研究

中国天坑研究学者通过系统调查,确立“tiankeng”作为标准地貌术语,并规范其形态特征,提出塌陷型天坑和侵蚀型天坑两种成因类型。文章以重庆武隆箐口天坑、陕西汉中伯牛天坑、马达加斯加安卡拉那高原的曼格里（Mangily）天坑、巴布亚新几内亚穆勒高原的阿底（Atea）天坑为研究对象,通过对比分析4个天坑（群）发育的地层结构、地貌演化和水文地质特征等,论述侵蚀型天坑系统演化的共性特征,即三元或二元地层结构、深厚包气带和巨大地势差异、覆盖型岩溶分布、覆盖层对雨水的汇聚或夹层对地下水的汇聚等。基于侵蚀型天坑的成因条件,认为其发育阶段可分为：落水洞-竖井（地下河）阶段、侵蚀-竖井状大厅阶段、崩塌-天坑形成阶段和天坑退化阶段,并对侵蚀型天坑演化机理提出新的认识。