ICE‐MARGINAL SEDIMENT DELIVERY TO THE SURFACE OF A HIGH‐ARCTIC GLACIER: AUSTRE BRØGGERBREEN,SVALBARD

Enhanced delivery of water‐saturated, ice‐marginal sediments to the glacier surface is a response to glacier thinning that has the potential to increase both levels of sediment transfer through the glacier hydrological system and total basin sediment yields. Preliminary observations made during summer 2007 at Austre Brøggerbreen, Svalbard, confirm that ice‐marginal debris flows in the upper reaches of the glacier are actively delivering sediments to the glacier surface, which may then be flushed into the glacier's hydrological system. During a four‐day observation period, several stochastic pulses in water turbidity were observed at a single portal where solely supra‐ and englacial drainage emerge at the glacier margin. The erratic suspended sediment fluxes were hypothesized to originate from ice‐marginal sources. Quantitative analysis of continuous turbidity and discharge data confirm that discharge is not driving these turbidity pulses and, combined with observational data, that the most likely origin is the delivery of water‐saturated sediments to the glacier surface from ice‐marginal, debris flows with subsequent transfer to the portal via the glacial drainage system. These observations illustrate the potential importance of the paraglacial component to the overall sediment cascade of deglaciating basins and highlight the need for careful interpretation of turbidity records, where stochastic pulses in turbidity may be attributed to sources and processes other than ice‐marginal sediment inputs.     

基于嫦娥一号卫星激光测高数据的月球数字高程模型

利用嫦娥一号激光高度计获取的800多万个有效记录点科学数据,描述了一种基于Kriging插值方法来生成空间分辨率为0.25°×0.25°全月球均匀网格的数字高程模型.即对激光高度计科学数据进行加权插值,通过引进以距离为自变量的变差函数来计算权值.因变差函数既可以反映激光测高数据的空间结构特性,又可以反应激光测高数据的随机分布特性,故采用Kriging方法插值可以得到较理想的月球高程模型.同时,基于生成的全月球数字高程模型得到了月球的汉麦尔投影、麦卡托投影、正面、反面、南极、北极等月球地形图.该模型也与国际上的月球模型Clementine、ULCN2005与CLTM-s01进行了对比.由于嫦娥一号激光测高数据达800多万个记录点,得到的月球数字高程模型的精度更高.     

用距离交会算法进行测点坐标改正

在野外数据采集过程中时常会遇到由控制点数据错误产生测点位置错误问题。对此类问题,本文总结分析了其可能出现的多种情况,归纳出了错误的类型。提出了采用距离交会算法对测点坐标进行改正的新方法,导出坐标数据改正的数学模型,总结出了用一种数学模型解决控制点坐标有误甚至无控制点坐标等多种错误类型的测点坐标改正方法及其注意事项,并用VC编写了相应的程序工具,经实验数据验证了它的可行性和正确性。该方法的提出和应用,可提高外业测绘工作的效率,具有较高的实际应用价值。     

土地收购储备制度的国际经验及其对我国的启示

文章在分析海外市场经济发达国家或地区土地征购制度建立目的,法律法规保障,运用模式等成功经验基础上,结合我国城市土地市场特点,总结归纳系列启示,以期在我国城市土地收购储备制度建立和完善过程中予以借鉴。     

低端掌上机在控制测量中的前景分析

论述了开发低端电子手簿的可行性,介绍了HP200LX掌上机的基本特点,实用汉字库的建立原理和使用,软件界面设计的基本原则和具体做法,以及手簿的功能和特点,提出了中文电子手簿设计及开发的思路.     

On Northern Hemisphere Wave Patterns Associated with Winter Rainfall Events in China

During extended winter(November–April),43% of the intraseasonal rainfall variability in China is explained by three spatial patterns of temporally coherent rainfall.These patterns were identified with empirical orthogonal teleconnection(EOT) analysis of observed 1982–2007 pentad rainfall anomalies and connected to midlatitude disturbances.However,examination of individual strong EOT events shows that there is substantial inter-event variability in their dynamical evolution,which implies that precursor patterns found in regressions cannot serve as useful predictors.To understand the physical nature and origins of the extratropical precursors,the EOT technique is applied to six simulations of the Met Office Unified Model at horizontal resolutions of 200–40 km,with and without air–sea coupling.All simulations reproduce the observed precursor patterns in regressions,indicating robust underlying dynamical processes.Further investigation into the dynamics associated with observed patterns shows that Rossby wave dynamics can explain the large inter-event variability.The results suggest that the apparently slowly evolving or quasi-stationary waves in regression analysis are a statistical amalgamation of more rapidly propagating waves with a variety of origins and properties.     

THE INFLUENCE OF CLOUD PARAMETERIZATION ADJUSTMENT USING REFLECTIVITY OF DOPPLER ON NOWCASTING WITH GRAPES MODEL

In this study, we attempted to improve the nowcasting of GRAPES model by adjusting the model initial field through modifying the cloud water, rain water and vapor as well as revising vapor-following rain water. The results show that the model nowcasting is improved when only the cloud water and rain water are adjusted or all of the cloud water, rain water and vapor are adjusted in the initial field. The forecasting of the former （latter） approach during 0-3 （0-6） hours is significantly improved. Furthermore, for the forecast for 0-3 hours, the latter approach is better than the former. Compared with the forecasting results for which the vapor of the model initial field is adjusted by the background vapor with those by the revised vapor, the nowcasting of the revised vapor is much better than that of background vapor. Analysis of the reasons indicated that when the vapor is adjusted in the model initial field, especially when the saturated vapor is considered, the forecasting of the vapor field is significantly affected. The changed vapor field influences the circulation, which in turn improves the model forecasting of radar reflectivity and rainfall.     

三维激光扫描技术在土方量算中的应用研究

针对目前土方测量中对快速、准确和高精度计量的需求,以及采用传统方法作业过程中存在的外业工作量大等问题,介绍了基于三维激光扫描技术的工作原理及其在土方测量中的应用。试验结果表明,基于三维激光扫描技术的土方量算满足精度要求,同时,还给出了该技术在土方量算应用中的相关定量指标,可为相应工程应用提供参考。     

ENSO与北半球冬季大气环流异常年代际关系的数值模拟

利用NCAR/CCM3大气环流模式,模拟不同海温背景场强迫下,北半球冬季大气环流对ENSO事件的响应。结果表明,模式能够模拟出不同海温背景场下,北半球冬季大气环流对ENSO事件的不同响应,模拟结果与诊断结果基本一致。在20世纪70年代末之后的平均海温背景场强迫下,El Nio对阿留申低压的加强作用比70年代末之前更明显,而ENSO暖位相对蒙古高压的作用则由70年代末之前的轻微减弱变为明显加强。虽然70年代末以后ENSO事件的强度比70年代末之前有所增大,但ENSO对东亚大槽和东亚冬季风的减弱作用反而不再那么明显;同时在高空风场中,由ENSO激发出的PNA型异常环流在70年代末以后明显加强。     

条石鲷促性腺激素α亚基的克隆与表达特性分析

采用同源性克隆和cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)方法,从条石鲷(Oplegnathidae fasciatus)垂体中获得了全长为897bp的GtHαcDNA序列,其中包含249bp的5′非编码区、399bp的开放阅读框和249bp的3′非编码区。该基因编码由132个氨基酸组成的前体蛋白,其中前38个氨基酸为信号肽,在第122和124Cys中间间隔了一个组氨酸(His),形成CXC型趋化因子的特征结构,肽链中包括10个保守Cys残基和2个N-糖基化位点。氨基酸同源性和进化分析表明,条石鲷GtHα与鲈形目鱼类的进化关系较近,与鲈形目鱼类GtHα的同源性为87%~98%,与其他脊椎动物GtHα的同源性为53%~87%。实时荧光定量PCR检测发现,GtHαmRNA在垂体、脑、性腺中的表达量较高,在心、肝脏、胃、肠、肌肉、幽门盲囊中微量表达,在脾脏、头肾、鳃、肾脏中不表达,其中在垂体中的表达量最高;周期表达发现:垂体中GtHαmRNA在卵巢发育的Ⅴ期达到最大值,卵巢中GtHαmRNA在卵巢发育的Ⅳ期达到最大值,而脑组织中GtHαmRNA在卵巢发育的Ⅴ期达到最低值,表明GtHα对卵母细胞发育的调控可能同时通过自分泌和旁分泌两种途径进行。本研究为条石鲷生殖调控机制及人工繁育技术研究提供了基础资料。