生态旅游目的地等级评价——以武夷山为例

生态旅游认证是规范生态旅游经营的重要手段,在我国还处于研究和讨论阶段。本文在前期理论研究的基础上,运用模糊数学的方法对武夷山生态旅游程度进行了等级评价。评价结果表明,武夷山生态旅游程度（Ecotdegree）为二级,或者说是二级生态旅游目的地,武夷山作为生态旅游的是处于一个“灰色”状态下,也可以说是在“可能不可持续”状态上,说明在生态旅游经营中仍存在一些问题。结论同时也表明人是生态旅游经营中的最主要影响因素。     

汶川地震综合参数处理与地震台网救灾作用研究

汶川特大地震发生后,全球地震台网都对汶川8.0级地震作了快速反应,仅仅地震速报已经无法满足特大地震的挽救生命及救灾的需要,本文研究了世界主要地震台网在汶川特大地震后的反应和产出,提出了我国地震台网必须反思只重视"地震速报"的作法,建议我国地震台网必须结合大地震救灾实际,研究地震台网综合快速地震动和震源参数产出,以适应政府和人民抗震救灾的需要.     

关于地震监测预报有关工作的思考

针对2008年四川汶川8．0级地震后存在的问题,从地震监测工作的定位与功能,地震预测预报工作的定性与定位以及监测、预报、科研结合,监测仪器和软件市场化几方面进行分析,提出了相应的改进建议,供研究参考。     

基于嫦娥一号卫星激光测高数据的月球数字高程模型

利用嫦娥一号激光高度计获取的800多万个有效记录点科学数据,描述了一种基于Kriging插值方法来生成空间分辨率为0.25°×0.25°全月球均匀网格的数字高程模型.即对激光高度计科学数据进行加权插值,通过引进以距离为自变量的变差函数来计算权值.因变差函数既可以反映激光测高数据的空间结构特性,又可以反应激光测高数据的随机分布特性,故采用Kriging方法插值可以得到较理想的月球高程模型.同时,基于生成的全月球数字高程模型得到了月球的汉麦尔投影、麦卡托投影、正面、反面、南极、北极等月球地形图.该模型也与国际上的月球模型Clementine、ULCN2005与CLTM-s01进行了对比.由于嫦娥一号激光测高数据达800多万个记录点,得到的月球数字高程模型的精度更高.     

ICE‐MARGINAL SEDIMENT DELIVERY TO THE SURFACE OF A HIGH‐ARCTIC GLACIER: AUSTRE BRØGGERBREEN,SVALBARD

Enhanced delivery of water‐saturated, ice‐marginal sediments to the glacier surface is a response to glacier thinning that has the potential to increase both levels of sediment transfer through the glacier hydrological system and total basin sediment yields. Preliminary observations made during summer 2007 at Austre Brøggerbreen, Svalbard, confirm that ice‐marginal debris flows in the upper reaches of the glacier are actively delivering sediments to the glacier surface, which may then be flushed into the glacier's hydrological system. During a four‐day observation period, several stochastic pulses in water turbidity were observed at a single portal where solely supra‐ and englacial drainage emerge at the glacier margin. The erratic suspended sediment fluxes were hypothesized to originate from ice‐marginal sources. Quantitative analysis of continuous turbidity and discharge data confirm that discharge is not driving these turbidity pulses and, combined with observational data, that the most likely origin is the delivery of water‐saturated sediments to the glacier surface from ice‐marginal, debris flows with subsequent transfer to the portal via the glacial drainage system. These observations illustrate the potential importance of the paraglacial component to the overall sediment cascade of deglaciating basins and highlight the need for careful interpretation of turbidity records, where stochastic pulses in turbidity may be attributed to sources and processes other than ice‐marginal sediment inputs.     

Emplacement Mechanism of the Akebasitao Pluton: Implications for Regional Tectonic Evolution of West Junggar, NW China

Late Carboniferous to Early Permian A-type granites are extensively distributed throughout the West Junggar region, NW China, and the Akebasitao pluton is extremely distinguished among these plutons. In this paper, we reported new anisotropy of magnetic susceptible (AMS) data combine with detailed field study and audio magnetotelluric (AMT) sounding to assess the three-dimensional shape and magmatic emplacement mechanism of the Akebasitao pluton. The geological features and the AMT sounding indicate that the pluton had a slightly oblique movement of magma from northwest to southeast, which was most likely to correspond to an asymmetrical torch with a laccolith-shaped upper part, and a lower part formed by sub-vertical “root” that was located within its northwestern part, probably controlled by the NE-trending Anqi fault. The AMS fabrics of all the specimens reveal a low Pj value (mean of 1.02) and a low T value (mean of ?0.024), suggesting that the deformation of the AMS ellipsoid is relatively weak. The specimens exhibit both oblate and prolate shapes of the AMS ellipsoid. Magnetic lineations and foliations are randomly distributed throughout the pluton without any preferred orientation. These AMS patterns indicate that the pluton formed in a relatively stable structural environment with no regional extrusion. Therefore, we propose a complex emplacement process in which the magmas reached the shallower crust levels via deep-faults and subsequently occupied the room created by doming, accompanied by stoping near the pluton roof. Additionally, the regional tectonic setting was relatively stable during the emplacement of the Akebasitao pluton, indicating the termination of compressional orogeny during the late Late Carboniferous in the West Junggar region. This conclusion perfectly coincides with the regional tectonic paleogeography, magmatic system, and paleostress field.     

西南天山乌什北山高山峡谷地貌形成过程

地貌演化过程受大地构造及其规律的控制。本文通过对西南天山乌什北山地区滚滚铁列克河第四纪沉积和侵蚀地貌的观测,结合已发表的地层年代学研究,恢复了中更新世和全新世两期侵蚀地貌演化过程。中更新世地貌切割深度达1870 m以上,远远大于全新世50 m的地貌切割深度,认为该地区的高山峡谷地貌形成于中更新世。西南天山普遍发育的中更新世褶皱冲断构造,造成山体快速大幅隆升,是乌什北山高山峡谷地貌形成的主因。褶皱冲断构造向盆地方向扩展,导致山体向盆地方向隆升幅度减小,揭示了乌什北山地貌演化的空间规律。西南天山第四纪构造隆升过程与地貌演化之间存在密切关系。     

基于探空资料的湖南地区加权平均温度

利用湖南地区长沙、怀化、郴州3个探空站数据,将数值积分法计算的Tm作为参考值,并基于最小二乘法建立湖南地区Tm本地化模型。研究结果表明,Bevis模型计算的Tm值在湖南地区存在2.51 K的系统偏差;湖南本地化模型Tm值与地面温度Ts之间的相关系数达到0.942 5,模型平均偏差1.60 K,内符合精度1.41 K;基于本地化Tm模型计算的GPS PWV与利用探空数据计算的PWV相比,平均偏差为0.52 mm,标准差为2.21 mm,RMS为2.45 mm。总体而言,本地化Tm模型的精度优于Bevis模型,更适用于湖南地区的GPS气象研究及业务应用。     

黄河上游洮河流域全新世古洪水水文学研究

通过对黄河上游洮河流域详细的野外考察,在临洮段下堡村（XBC）发现保存有全新世古洪水滞流沉积物的地层剖面并对该剖面进行系统采样,综合野外观测和室内理化数据分析确定为古洪水滞流沉积物。结合全新世地层对比、文化遗物分析和释光测年,确定这期古洪水事件发生在300~480 a BP左右,相当于我国"明清小冰期"气候转折阶段。利用ArcGIS耦合HEC-RAS模型,在获取河道水文参数条件下,恢复其洪峰流量介于4 865~6 700 m³·s^-1。保持水文参数不变,对河道糙率系数进行灵敏度测试,给定糙率±25%的变幅,结果误差在-9.12%~6.57%之间。依据2012年洪痕高程,采用HEC-RAS模型恢复其洪峰流量,与实测结果相比较误差仅为-2.9%,说明利用该模型得出的结果是比较可靠的。该研究成果有效延长了黄河上游洪水数据序列,这对于该流域内防洪减灾、水利工程建设和水资源开发利用等具有重要的参考价值。