沉桩引起的三维超静孔隙水压力计算及其应用

引入时间、深度参数分析在饱和软粘土中沉桩时引起的超静孔隙水压力,给出了考虑固结效应的超静孔隙水压力的三维解析解;分析了超静孔隙水压力的消散过程中桩周土发生曼德尔效应的时间和区域,提出了在群桩施工过程中土体中的超静孔隙水压力是消散与累加的综合过程,施工完毕后则变为单一的消散的计算模型,并给出计算公式。通过算例,分析了桩群不同桩距、不同入桩顺序对超静孔隙水压力的影响。     

安徽铜陵矿集区块状硫化物矿床成因模型与成矿流体动力学迁移

根据地质和同位素地球化学特征，建立了铜陵地区赋存于石炭系地层底部的块状硫化物矿床的成因模型；该类型矿床的形成主要与石炭纪海底热水活动有关，属喷流-沉积型(SEDEX)块状硫化物矿床；下伏古生代地层是重要的成矿金属源区，海水硫酸盐是硫化物成矿的主要硫源。成矿热流体循环的动力学数值模拟揭示。该类型矿床底盘岩石中的流体活动和热影响范围主要局限在主排泄通道两侧较小的区域内；温度场和流场决定以沉积岩为容矿岩石的喷流．沉积型块状硫化物矿床底盘岩石中的蚀变和矿化强度不如以火山岩为容矿岩石的块状硫化物矿床。伴随强大深部热流的张性同生断裂是控制喷流一沉积型块状硫化物矿床形成与分布的关键因素。海西期扬子板块北缘的张性构造体制为该时期喷流一沉积型块状硫化物矿床的形成提供了有利的地球动力学环境。     

Reliability of Relative Paleointensity Recorded in Chinese Loess–Paleosol Sediments

A detailed paleomagnetic and rock-magnetic investigation spanning loess L7 to paleosol S8 has been carried out at the Baoji and Xifeng sections. Results of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility confirm that the studied loess–paleosol sediments retain primary sedimentary fabrics. Stepwise thermal demagnetization shows that two well-defined magnetization components can be isolated from both loess and paleosol specimens. A low-temperature component, isolated between 100°C and 200°C, is consistent with the present geomagnetic field direction, and a high-temperature component, isolated between 200–300°C and 620–680°C, includes clearly normal and reversed polarities. Isothermal remanent magnetization and thermomagnetic analyses indicate that characteristic remanent magnetization is mainly carried by magnetite and hematite. The Day plot, together with the stratigraphic variations of rock-magnetic parameters, shows that the uniformity of magnetic mineralogy and grain size fulfills the criteria for relative paleointensity (RPI) studies. RPI records have been constructed using natural remanent magnetization (NRM) intensity after thermal demagnetization at 300°C normalized by low-frequency magnetic susceptibility (NRM300/χ). The results show that the RPI record from the Baoji section, where pedogenesis is quite weak, is compatible with the stacked PISO-1500 paleointensity record, suggesting that it might reflect the paleointensity variation of the geomagnetic field. The RPI record from the Xifeng section, where pedogenesis is rather strong, indicates a clear dissimilarity with the stacked PISO-1500 paleointensity record, implying that it does not reflect the paleointensity variation of the geomagnetic field. Our new results show that the NRM300/χ from the strongly pedogenetic paleosols does not completely eliminate the pedogenetic (climatic) influence, so it might be unsuitable for a reliable paleointensity study.     

Magnetic Fabric Study of Late Holocene Sediments in Huangqihai Lake,Inner Mongolia and its Sedimentary Significance

The detailed magnetic susceptibility anisotropy study on the sediments of two sections, which are located in the lake-center and the lakeshore of the Huangqihai Lake,Inner Mongolia, revealed their hydrodynamics and sedimentary environment changes in the recent 2000 years.The results show that the sediments of two sections both display normal depositional magnetic fabrics,of which the minimum susceptibility axes（K₃） are oriented perpendicular to the bedding plane and the maximum magnetic susceptibility axes（K₁） lie parallel with the bedding plane.In addition,the lakeshore presents higher magnetic anisotropy degree（P）,magnetic foliation（F） and current factor （F_s） than the lake-center,showing that the lakeshore has higher flow velocity.For the west Huangqihai Lake（HQW） section in the lake-center,the magnetic matrix grain degree（Q） and the inclination of the minimum susceptibility axes sharply increased and decreased,respectively,at a depth of about 10 cm,24 cm,45 cm and 74 cm,which indicate abnormal depositional events with strong kinetic energy.Through comparative analysis,the HQW section can be divided into three stages from top to bottom.The upper stage was a stable depositional environment with strong hydrodynamic energy and low water level,which shows relatively higher F_s value and the Q value varies similarly with P and F.The middle stage was a stable depositional environment with high water level and low hydrodynamic energy,intermitted with high-energy abnormal events,which shows relatively lower F_s and the Q value was negatively correlated with P and F.The lower stage was an unstable depositional environment with low hydrodynamic energy and high water level,which shows relatively lower P,F,and F_s value.     

埋深基础地基极限承载力的数值求解方法

为确定作用在已知埋深、给定基础形状地基土上的极限承载力,对基底下的土体进行网格划分,先假定一均布荷载作用在此地基土上,运用明德林解的积分公式,结合角点法,编制MATLAB语言程序,求出每个网格节点上附加应力,进而求得每个网格节点上主应力,根据破坏准则,结合程序找出破坏点的坐标,利用MATLAB的图形处理功能,把破坏点的坐标在坐标图中显示出来。继续加大矩形荷载,直至这些破坏点在坐标图中刚好能够形成一个连续的破坏面,此时的矩形荷载即为此地基的极限承载力。此方法不仅可以有效地避免了地基承载力经验公式中一些不合理的假设带来的误差,更符合实际情况,而且可以直观地了解到地基土的三维破坏面。     

松辽盆地松科1井上白垩统—下古新统明水组沉积序列厘米级精细刻画:岩性·岩相·旋回

中国白垩纪大陆科学钻探松科1井连续取明水组岩心长558.94m,岩心收获率为93.69%,是迄今获取的最连续完整的沉积记录。文章对此进行了厘米级(分层厚度2～5cm)沉积地质描述。明水组沉积时期与坎潘晚期至丹尼期对应。通过对松科1井明水组岩心的精细描述,揭示其岩性-岩相-旋回的沉积序列及其作用过程。明水组共识别出15种基本岩石类型,为曲流河、浅湖和滨湖亚相的河床滞留、点砂坝、天然堤、决口扇、决口水道、河漫滩、河漫湖、浅湖静水泥、临滨砂坝、风暴沉积、沙滩、泥滩、浊流、重力流水道等15种沉积微相。在岩相序列上识别出20种共361个米级旋回(六级旋回)、109个五级旋回、29个四级旋回、3个三级旋回。完整组段的厘米级刻画为高精度沉积过程研究提供了可能,明水组全井段取心对松辽盆地富氧事件、K/Pg界线、坳陷盆地晚期构造演化以及盆地浅层生、储、盖组合的研究具有重要意义,该文的精细描述资料为今后相关的深入研究提供了迄今最精准的基本地质素材。     

用金属铬法分析微量水和有机质氢同位素组成

本文介绍一种用金属铬作还原剂分析微量水和有机分子中氢同位素组成的技术方法。该分析方法是利用金属铬在高温条件下的还原性，将微量水和有机分子中的氢转变成H2气的分析技术。金属铬还原法的流程简单、安全可靠、操作便捷，其分析精密度可达±2‰。     

安徽铜陵马山金硫矿床稀土元素和稳定同位素地球化学研究

安徽铜陵铜官山铜矿田是中国长江中、下游铁、铜、硫、金成矿带中著名的矽卡岩型矿床。马山金硫矿床位于安徽铜陵铜官山矿田,侵入岩体为天鹅抱蛋山石英闪长岩。文章通过对马山金硫矿床的氢、氧、碳、硫、硅同位素组成和稀土元素地球化学特征研究,探讨成矿溶液中水、碳、硅和硫的来源以及成矿溶液的演化问题。研究表明,稀土元素球粒陨石标准化组成模式为右倾型,矿石的稀土配分曲线类似于天鹅抱蛋山石英闪长岩,认为形成该矿床的热液流体主要来源于闪长质熔体。马山金硫矿床矿石中石英的δ18OH2OV-SMOW变化范围为6.9‰~10.7‰,平均为8.7‰,与岩体的δ18OV-SMOW值(9.3‰~11.1‰,平均为10.0‰)比较接近,而矿石中石英的δDV-SMOW变化范围为-69‰~-62‰,表明矿石成矿流体主要来自岩浆。矿石中方解石的碳、氧同位素组成与矿区围岩的碳、氧同位素组成明显不同,其δ13CV-PDB、δ18OV-SMOW值分别为-5.2‰~-3.6‰和12.2‰~12.9‰,与岩浆作用形成的CO2的碳、氧同位素组成一致,表明矿石中方解石的碳、氧来源于岩浆作用。硅和硫具深部岩浆或岩浆热液水来源的特点。     

受位移影响的土压力模型在工程实例模拟分析中的应用

在分析土压力随变形发展规律的基础上,给出了一种新的考虑位移影响的土压力计算模型。利用提出的新模型,并考虑了群桩和圈梁的共同协同作用,编制了相关的有限元计算程序。对一个实际的工程实例进行了计算分析,并与实测结果进行了对比,表明了该方法的合理性和可行性。     

基于DIC技术的桩筏基础工作机理研究

为了深入研究桩筏基础中桩周土体位移场特性及其工作机理,以数字图像相关技术（DIC）的基本原理为基础,编制相应的位移场分析程序,并利用该程序对桩基模型试验中获得的系列图像进行分析,得到了桩周土体位移场渐进性发展变化的全过程,同时对不同桩距桩筏基础的破坏模式作出推断。研究结果表明：利用自行编制的DIC程序分析桩周土体位移场是可行的,并可以得到全场位移。对于不同桩距桩筏基础,小桩距削弱基桩承载力,随着桩距的增大,这种削弱作用减弱。3b（b为方桩边长）桩距桩筏基础中,土体压缩区主要集中在桩端以下土层,基本符合实体深基础的破坏模式;而6b桩距桩筏基础,土体变形区域主要集中在桩身上部1/3L（L为桩长）范围内,明显小于3b桩距桩筏基础的影响深度,基础最终因桩间土体侧向挤出而破坏。