黑潮延伸体上游中尺度涡场的年代际振荡及其相关机制

黑潮延伸体上游区域的中尺度涡场的涡动能和涡特征尺度存在显著地年代际振荡,和黑潮延伸体路径的年代际变化有很好的相关性。当黑潮延伸体路径比较稳定时,其上游区域涡动能比较高,涡特征尺度比较大,反之相反。通过对黑潮延伸体上游区域的中尺度涡场进行集合分析发现:当黑潮延伸体处于稳定状态时,上游涡场几乎是各向均匀地,有轻微的径向伸长;而当黑潮延伸体处于不稳定状态时,上游的中尺度涡场有显著地纬向伸长。对与中尺度涡场的产生相关的线性斜压不稳定和正压不稳定进行了计算分析,结果显示,线性斜压不稳定不是控制中尺度涡场年代际变化的机制,而正压不稳定对中尺度涡场的年代际变化有积极的贡献。不稳定产生的中尺度涡之间存在非线性涡-涡相互作用。     

Significant population genetic structure detected in the rock bream <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oplegnathus fasciatus</Emphasis> (Temminck &amp; Schlegel, 1844) inferred from fluorescent-AFLP analysis

Oplegnathus fasciatus (rock bream) is a commercial rocky reef fish species in East Asia that has been considered for aquaculture. We estimated the population genetic diversity and population structure of the species along the coastal waters of China using fluorescent-amplified fragment length polymorphisms technology. Using 53 individuals from three populations and four pairs of selective primers, we amplified 1 264 bands, 98.73% of which were polymorphic. The Zhoushan population showed the highest Nei’s genetic diversity and Shannon genetic diversity. The results of analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 59.55% of genetic variation existed among populations and 40.45% occurred within populations, which indicated that a significant population genetic structure existed in the species. The pairwise fixation index F _st ranged from 0.20 to 0.63 and were significant after sequential Bonferroni correction. The topology of an unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean tree showed two significant genealogical branches corresponding to the sampling locations of North and South China. The AMOVA and STRUCTURE analyses suggested that the O. fasciatus populations examined should comprise two stocks.     

粤东北桃源铀矿床黄铁矿地球化学特征及其地质意义

粤东北桃源铀矿床位于华南铀成矿省武夷山铀成矿带,其矿床成因、成矿物理化学环境特征等还未开展深入研究。黄铁矿的地球化学特征往往能够有效地反映其形成时的地球化学环境。桃源铀矿床中黄铁矿与沥青铀矿成因关系密切。因此笔者在野外地质调查和岩相学基础上,利用LA- ICP- MS原位分析技术,对桃源矿床黄铁矿主、微量元素开展研究。结果表明：①黄铁矿主量元素w（Fe）=41.64% ~ 49.39%,平均值为45.83%;w（S）=50.56% ~ 57.62%,平均值为53.73%,w（Fe）/w（S）=0.73 ~ 0.98,平均值为0.85,表明其形成环境是一个微弱缺铁,相对富硫的相对封闭的地球化学环境;②黄铁矿中相对富集Si、Na、Al、K、Ca、Cr、Co、Ni、Ti、Cu、Ge、As、Se、Bi、Pb等微量元素;③绝大多数微量元素与主量元素Fe、S无明显线性关系,表明在黄铁矿形成过程中,这些微量元素的地球化学行为除受到类质同象因素的影响外,还受其他因素影响;④成矿元素U与部分微量元素显示出较好的正相关关系,其中Na、Ti等元素含量高表明与铀矿物在空间上紧密相关的黄铁矿形成于成矿早期的碱性热液蚀变阶段,而非成矿期,要早于铀成矿时间,并为铀成矿提供还原剂;⑤黄铁矿内部微裂隙发育,成矿期铀矿物容易进入其中,从而引起裂隙附近铀矿含量升高。伴随的高含量As表明其形成于中低温热液环境。     

Effects of stocking density on the growth and immunity of Atlantic salmon salmo salar reared in recirculating aquaculture system (RAS)

Atlantic salmon reared in recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) may lead to inappropriately high stocking density, because fish live in a limited space. Finding the suitable stocking density of Atlantic salmon reared in RAS is very important for RAS industry. In this paper, the influence of stocking density on growth and some stress related physiological factors were investigated to evaluate the effects of stocking density. The fish were reared for 220 days at five densities (A: 24 kg/m³; B: 21 kg/m³; C: 15 kg/m³; D: 9 kg/ m³ and E: 6 kg/m³ ). The results show that 30 kg/m³ might be the maximum density which RAS can afford in China. The stocking densities under 30 kg/m³ have no effect on mortality of Atlantic salmon reared in RAS. However, the specific growth rate (SGR), final weight and weight gain in the high density group were significantly lower than the lower density groups and middle density groups. Moreover, feed conversion rate (FCR) had a negative correlation with density. Plasma hormone T₃ and GH showed significant decrease with the increase of the stocking density of the experiment. Furthermore, thyroid hormone (T₃), GH (growth hormone) activities were decreased with stocking density increase. However, plasma cortisol, GOT (glutamic oxalacetic transaminase) and GPT (glutamic pyruvic transaminase) activities were increase with stocking density increase. And the stocking density has no effects on plasma lysozyme of Atlantic salmon reared in RAS. These investigations would also help devise efficient ways to rear adult Atlantic salmon in China and may, in a way, help spread salmon mariculture in China.

     

Effects of stocking density on the growth and immunity of Atlantic salmon salmo salar reared in recirculating aquaculture system(RAS)

Atlantic salmon reared in recirculating aquaculture system(RAS) may lead to inappropriately high stocking density, because ?sh live in a limited space. Finding the suitable stocking density of Atlantic salmon reared in RAS is very important for RAS industry. In this paper, the in?uence of stocking density on growth and some stress related physiological factors were investigated to evaluate the ef fects of stocking density. The ?sh were reared for 220 days at ?ve densities(A: 24 kg/m^3; B: 21 kg/m^3; C: 15 kg/m^3; D: 9 kg/m^3 and E: 6 kg/m^3). The results show that 30 kg/m^3 might be the maximum density which RAS can af ford in China. The stocking densities under 30 kg/m^3 have no ef fect on mortality of Atlantic salmon reared in RAS. However, the speci?c growth rate(SGR), ?nal weight and weight gain in the high density group were signi?cantly lower than the lower density groups and middle density groups. Moreover, feed conversion rate(FCR) had a negative correlation with density. Plasma hormone T_3 and GH showed signi?cant decrease with the increase of the stocking density of the experiment. Furthermore, thyroid hormone(T 3), GH(growth hormone) activities were decreased with stocking density increase. However, plasma cortisol, GOT(glutamic oxalacetic transaminase) and GPT(glutamic pyruvic transaminase) activities were increase with stocking density increase. And the stocking density has no ef fects on plasma lysozyme of Atlantic salmon reared in RAS. These investigations would also help devise effcient ways to rear adult Atlantic salmon in China and may, in a way, help spread salmon mariculture in China.     

云南白马寨铜镍硫化物矿床铂族元素地球化学及其对矿床成因的制约

采用镍硫火试金ICP-MS法分析了白马寨铜镍硫化物矿床矿石及其主要围岩铂族元素(PGE)含量,结果表明铂族元素总量(ΣPGE)普遍较低,且ΣPGE由矿床核部的块状矿石(78.15×10-9~555.92×10-9)向外围矿化橄榄岩(6.77×10-9~70.95×10-9)至辉长岩(3.02×10-9)逐步降低。煌斑岩脉岩的ΣPGE也较低,为6.86×10-9~17.03×10-9。ΣPGE与Ni含量呈明显的正相关。不同种类岩石和矿石的PGE原始地幔配分模式明显不同,块状矿石为Pt-Pd配分型,Ir较明显亏损;矿化橄榄岩配分曲线较平坦,IPGE和PPGE分异不明显,但均出现Ru正异常。辉长岩样品和煌斑岩PGE配分模式几乎一致,也均出现明显的Ru正异常。矿石和围岩的Cu/Pd值远高于原始地幔,表明原生岩浆发生了较强的硫化物熔离作用。块状富镍矿石的(Pt+Pd)/(Os+Ir+Ru)和Pd/Ir分别为138.24和24.7,指示其母岩浆为演化较为彻底的玄武质岩浆,而矿化橄榄岩的相应值分别为3.02和16.09,具有科马提质岩浆的特征参数,因此白马寨块状矿石和矿化橄榄岩之间可能没有成因联系。块状硫化物熔体侵位前,其母岩浆经历过长时间强烈的硫化物熔离作用,硫化物熔浆作为独立的侵入相而侵入于III号岩体核部。这个过程反映了峨眉山地幔柱尾部岩浆演化和成矿可能经历过高度的S饱和过程。白马寨矿床形成过程中可能受到地壳物质的混染。     

回忆二位革命家在唐山地震时的决策

1时任北京卫戌区司令吴忠唐山地震发生时,北京卫戌区司令吴忠正在密云水库度假。我当时在密云水库地震台工作,负责测震观测。1976年7月28日凌晨3时42分,一场毁灭性的大地震降临在河北省冀东地区,北京的大地也发生了剧烈的振动。强烈地震过后一个多小时,大约5点多钟,天逐渐在亮起来,已能看清路边的草木,地震台领导找到我说“你快随这位解放军去水库管理处,首长要了解情况”。我当时只穿了背心、短裤,脚上是拖鞋,强烈的振动已顾不上礼节,我就跟着那位战士来到了密云水库接待大厅。大厅内只有吴忠司令员和身边的一位警卫员,大厅此时已成了卫戌…     

东帝汶海MD98-2172岩芯磁记录与还原成岩作用过程

MD98-2172岩芯位于印度尼西亚穿越流的帝汶通道上.多参数的岩石磁学测量结果表明,该岩芯的磁性矿物组合很好地记录了海洋沉积物中的还原成岩作用过程:0～3.85 m段岩芯以亚铁磁性准单畴(PSD)磁铁矿为主,其含量和粒度基本不随深度而变,受还原成岩作用的影响不明显;3.85～5.35 m段岩芯也以PSD磁铁矿为主,但其含量随深度的增加而快速减少,粒度随深度的增加而变粗,或粗粒磁铁矿的相对含量随深度的增加而增多,处于铁氧化物还原阶段;5.35～15.00 m层段以顺磁性颗粒为主,并出现黄铁矿,处于硫酸盐还原阶段.     

首都圈地区地震活动的分期与分区研究

本文通过对首都圈地区（北纬３８．５°至４１．０°，东经１１３．０°至１２０．０°）公元１５００年以来Ｍ≥５地震的系统分析，并应用７０年代以来所取得的该地区最新地球物理场的有关资料进行分区后，发现该地区５级以上地震存在较明显的成组发生及有１１年的时段性特征，且每一组的活动具有地区性特征。这一现象对首都圈地区５级以上的地震的监视预报具有一定的意义。