Radioactive elements in natural gas: a case study on distribution of gaseous 222radon and its origin mechanism

As natural gas becomes increasingly important in our daily life, studies have been carried out on trace elements such as mercury and arsenic within it. Other than those, the existence of radioactive gaseous radon from the combustion of natural gas indoors can cause severe diseases and damages to body organs, putting a hazardous impact on human health. At the same time, the radon can also corrode gas production and transportation equipment. A review of the literature on radon concentrations in natural gas produced from gas reservoirs in China and other countries have been studied. Radon is a decay product from ²³⁸U, which is closely related to the accumulation and migration of organic matter during diagenesis. Gas recovered from reservoirs with higher than average natural ²³⁸U contains higher than average levels of ²²²Rn. Massive fault systems and fracture zones appear to play a significant role in radon concentrations in natural gas.     

Water soluble components of PM10 Chongqing, China

The concentrations of water soluble ions (Na⁺, NH₄ ⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, NO₃ ^-, Cl^-, and SO ₄ ^2- ) in PM₁₀ samples collected on cellulose filters by a medium-volume cascade impactor were determined, which were obtained from three kinds of areas in Chongqing: industrial area (Jiulongpo district), commercial and residential area (Jiangbei district) and background area (Jinyun Mountain in the Beibei district). The results showed that except for the background site, the annual average values of PM₁₀ are 23% – 61% higher than the national air quality standard (GradeII) (0.1 mg/m³), even that the value of the control site is still 20% higher than American standard (0.05 mg/m³). This implied that serious pollution of fine particles occurred in Chongqing. Nine kinds of soluble ions in water of PM₁₀ were analyzed by ion chromatography (IC) and the annual average concentrations follow the order of [SO ₄ ^2- ] > [NO³ _-] > [Cl^-] > [F^-], and [Ca²⁺] > [NH₄ ⁺] > [K⁺] > [Na⁺] > [Mg²⁺]. Their values were different in these areas: the industrial area > the commercial and living area > the control area. As for NH_{4 +}, K⁺, Ca²⁺, NO₃ ^- and SO ₄ ^2- , their seasonal average concentrations show a similar variation trend: the values in spring and fall were higher than those in summer and winter. The seasonal average concentrations of [Cl^-], [F^-], [Na⁺] and [Mg²⁺] are much lower than those of other ions. However, the concentrations of [Na⁺] changed more greatly in different seasons than those of the other three ions. Correlation coefficients showed that the three areas have been polluted by coal smoke and dust to different extents, while some local resources of pollution should be taken into consideration as well.     

二叠系火山碎屑岩气藏天然气地球化学特征及气源分析——以四川盆地成都—简阳地区永探1井为例

2018年12月底,在四川盆地二叠系火山岩发育地区部署的风险探井永探1井测试获得22.5万m³/d的高产工业气流,实现了二叠系火山碎屑岩的重大勘探突破,展现了火山碎屑岩气藏的巨大勘探潜力。本文根据该钻井成果资料,应用分析化验数据,采用不同地区气-气对比方法,开展了成都—简阳地区天然气地球化学特征分析、源-储接触关系解剖及气源综合对比。在此基础上,对二叠系火山碎屑岩气藏天然气成因进行了鉴别,对天然气来源进行了判识。结果表明：永探1井火山岩气藏天然气均为典型的干气,干燥系数达0.997,CH₄质量分数高,平均为99.03%,C₂H₆质量分数低,平均为0.35%,C₃H₈几乎没有,不含H₂S;天然气甲烷、乙烷碳同位素值均较轻,甲烷碳同位素平均值为-32.17‰,乙烷碳同位素平均值为-34.27‰,且岩心及镜下可见大量残余沥青,天然气成因鉴别分析表明永探1井火山岩气藏天然气为原油二次裂解气;通过源-储接触关系解剖以及天然气甲烷、乙烷碳同位素对比分析,表明永探1井火山碎屑岩气藏天然气主要来源于德阳—安岳台内裂陷内发育的巨厚下寒武统筇竹寺组优质烃源岩,部分来源于中二叠统。     

燕辽海盆中元古界下马岭组沉积期的物源性质与古地理环境

通过对河北省张家口下花园区夏家沟-古城梁、怀来县赵家山等剖面地质测量,分析了1400 Ma前沉积的下马岭组岩性变化、沉积序列与海平面升降演化、岩石矿物组分与重矿物组合,认为下马岭组沉积时期发育温暖湿润的气候条件及多期热带风暴作用,早期的大规模风暴与浊流等事件沉积,晚期的浅海陆棚风暴岩、深水陆棚泥页岩、细粒浊积岩及安静水体的泥灰岩透镜体(灰泥饼)等是其鲜明的沉积响应。该时期发育一次长期缓慢的海平面上升-下降过程,对应一个二级层序。内幕可细分为五次海平面升降变化,对应五个三级层序;下马岭组沉积早期的物质组分主要以砂质、泥质为主,晚期转化为以泥质、灰质、云质为主,砂质减少,两种类型的物质组合系统先后影响燕辽裂陷槽;下马岭组沉积时期,具有双物源性质,除了主要来自于东部的山海关古隆起外,晚期可能也有西部山西古陆提供物源,来自北部的沉积物源不发育,推测北部的内蒙-冀北隆起(内蒙地轴)不存在,燕辽盆地具有西陡东缓的箕状断陷盆地特征,盆地古地形、物源供给变化与多级次海平面振荡变化控制了下马岭组沉积物的时空演化特征。该研究为1400 Ma前华北克拉通北部燕辽盆地岩相古地理的恢复提供了重要参考。     

滇西上芒岗红色粘土型金矿成冈研究

上芒岗金矿是滇西地区具代表性的红色粘土型金矿。依据堆积特征、矿物组合和化学成分,可将红色粘土剖面分为６个带,即表土带、坡积带、钙 －沼当带、残积带、腐泥岩带和基岩带。其中,腐泥岩带为岩溶坍塌成因,残积带由岩溶残积形成,钙２结－沼泽带和坡积带为地表水流搬运堆积。矿床成因为在中晚燕山其形成的原生卡林型金矿化基础上,经第三纪上新世的岩深、残积和坡积作用的预富集,由不彻底的红土化作用使金以硫代硫酸盐络合物     

中国主要含镍岩体特征及其成因

中国目前已发现7条岩带中18个岩体赋存有工业铜镍矿床。这些含镍岩体的岩石组合有三大类,其中以超基性岩中矿床居多,苏长岩与科马提岩中较少。中国含镍岩浆系列属于科马提岩系列而非拉斑玄武岩系列,含矿岩浆来自上地幔的部分熔融,源区具有U、Th值高而Cr低的特点,深大断裂发育的大陆边缘是镍矿床发育最理想的场所。     

西北侏罗纪盆地沉积层序演化与储层特征

笔者研究了西北侏罗纪盆地沉积层序及储层特征,根据露头观察,井下实钻资料及实验室内分析结果,提出中,下侏罗统主要为湖沼相含煤碎屑岩沉积,主要发育河流中冲积相及三角洲相的砂岩集集体,上统为红色或杂色碎屑岩,侏罗纪计导氏孔低渗为主的富含火山岩屑的碎屑岩,局部可发育较好砂岩储层,侏罗系本身可构成妨好的生储盖组合。