巢湖南淝河口黑水团区流速和溶解氧与Fe2+、S2-浓度的空间关联性

黑臭现象在我国东部地区浅水湖泊频繁发生,已经严重影响环湖地区的社会经济发展.厌氧环境和高浓度Fe~(2+)、S~(2-)是引起黑臭现象的必要条件.本文解析巢湖南淝河口区黑臭水团范围内Fe~(2+)、S~(2-)与DO、流速的分布特性;基于空间计量模型重点探讨了流速、DO和Fe~(2+)、S~(2-)分布的空间关联性.结果发现,水体流动在黑臭水团中主要有两个作用:使Fe~(2+)、S~(2-)和DO彼此产生空间相关性以及通过分散作用改变局部Fe~(2+)、S~(2-)浓度分布;同时流速通过增强复氧间接影响Fe~(2+)及S~(2-)总体浓度的作用较小.流速与Fe~(2+)、S~(2-)之间均满足线性空间滞后模型;而线性回归模型中流速对Fe~(2+)的影响低估了约7%,对S~(2-)的影响则低估了12%.     

西太平洋晚第三纪钙质超微化石及其化石带的划分

本文研究了菲律宾海东、北部“大洋钻探工程”125航次782A相786A二个钻孔晚第三纪的钙质超微化石。根据Okada和Bukry分带。本区自下而上划分为13个带(或亚带)。讨论了渐新世和中新世、中新世和上新世及第三纪和第四纪的界线。本区存在3个沉积间断:晚渐新世与中中新世之间:中中新世与晚中新世之间以及晚中新世与早上新世之间。修正了Cyclicargolithus abiseclus的时限分布,提出了 Cycliargolithus floridanus floridanus和cychcargoluhas flondanus abisectus是Cyclicargolithus floridanus的2个生态亚种。     

云模式预报雨量与雷达估测雨量及自动站实测雨量比较

利用2007--2008年1—12月国家气象中心GRAPES云模式预报雨量资料,及同期江西区域天气雷达估测雨量及自动气象站实测雨量资料,比较其基本统计与地理分布特征,并对其进行相关计算与结果分析,选取129个数据样本,计算分析它们之间的复相关性,并对其计算误差进行比较与分析。结果表明,三种雨量的复相关性较好。GRAPES云模式预测的时雨量值最大,比雷达估测的时雨量值及自动站实测的时雨量值偏大,自动站实测时雨量值次之雷达估测的时雨量值偏小。     

空间分辨率与纹理特征对多光谱遥感分类的影响

多光谱遥感分类与影像空间分辨率有着密切的关系,在适宜空间分辨率影像上进行地物分类能够获得更高的精度。随着遥感影像空间分辨率的提高,纹理特征被广泛用于遥感分类,但由于不同地类空间尺度不同,纹理对不同地物分类的影响程度也有所差异。本文基于高分一号2 m全色和8 m多光谱影像融合后的高空间分辨率多光谱数据构建反射率空间序列,选用3种分类方法对序列分类,并分别计算2 m融合数据及8 m多光谱影像的纹理特征,选择特征波段与相应多光谱波段组合用以分类研究,最后计算混淆矩阵评价分类精度。研究结果表明,通过回归分析得到多光谱分类的最佳空间分辨率为5 m,与其他研究中利用全色波段分类的结论一致,这说明最佳空间分辨率的选择不受光谱信息影响;对多光谱分类精度随空间分辨率变化的变化趋势分析发现,分类精度在20~30 m分辨率范围区间内快速降低,这为多光谱遥感分类数据空间分辨率的选择提供了重要参考;此外,对光谱与纹理特征结合后不同地类分类精度的变化分析显示,加入纹理特征后,冬小麦、人工建筑、有林地和水体的分类精度在2 m分辨率下分别提高了1.49%、1.51%、4.94%、1.54%,8 m分辨率下分别提高了2.95%、10.95%、5.91%、5.14%,说明引入纹理特征有利于提高分类精度,但其对不同地物类型、不同分辨率影像的影响程度不同。     

Transient expression of the enhanced green fluorescent protein(egfp) gene in Sargassum horneri

Sargassum horneri is a macroalga widespread in North Asia-Pacific region, and these years its bloom has caused huge damage to the environment and the economic in China. To make up the blank on genetic engineering research, a transient transformation system for the multicellular marine brown alga S . horneri was established in this research. The algae used in this research were collected from the Yellow Sea of China and verified as a same species S . horneri with analysis of molecular markers. The S . horneri parietal leaves were transformed with the enhanced green fluorescent gene as the reporter by micro-particle bombardment. The results show that green fluorescent protein (GFP) is an eff ective transgene reporter for S . horneri and that particle bombardment is a suitable method for transformation of S . horneri . Through selection of four diff erent promoters for EGFP and six groups’ bombardment characters, the highest transformation efficiency approximately 1.31% was got with the vector pEGFP-N1 at bombardment characters 900 spi and 6 cm distance. This research paves a way for the further research and application of S . horneri .     

心系病患者常见证型的脉象特征分析

目的：比较心系病患者常见证型的脉象分布差异,探索弦脉的特征性脉象参数,为中医临床心系病的脉诊提供客观依据。方法：运用ZM-Ⅲc型智能脉象仪收集入选患者的脉象信息,将入选患者分为气血虚、阴虚、阳虚、气阴两虚、气滞、寒凝、血瘀、痰饮8种证型,探索其脉象分布特点与差异,并进一步寻找弦脉的特征性脉象参数。结果：在211例心脏病患者中,以气阴两虚型、气滞型、血瘀型较为多见,脉象分布以结代脉和弦脉为多,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;h3、h4、h5、h3/h1、h4/h1、h5/h1、w对弦脉的诊断价值较高,其中h3的ROC曲线下面积达0.847,其敏感性和特异性分别为：0.879、0.808。结论：脉象仪可为临床心系病诊治过程中的辨证分型提供准确、可靠的客观依据,当心系病患者出现弦脉时,可初步推断患者的外周阻力高、血管弹性差,对心系病患者的预后判断有一定的参考价值。     

海带雄配子体单性生殖叶状体的特性

海带雄配子体经单个分离培养,长成丝状体细胞,这些细胞体积逐渐增大,由单性生殖直接发育成叶状体.这种叶状体的畸形率达93 3%,将叶状体养殖在海上,能长成大海带,但它们都不能成熟.这些叶状体在同一克隆遗传特性十分一致,不同克隆则存在明显差异.     

几种重要热液矿床成矿的岩浆作用贡献探讨

本文运用地球科学相关基础学科的基本理论知识,结合地质工作实践认识和矿床地质特征分析,对几种重要热液矿床成矿的岩浆作用贡献进行分析探讨,提出了新的认识。研究结果认为:(1)地下水是通过补给和排泄交替循环的,因此,通过简单的地下水的循环逐步转化为含矿热液成矿是难以实现的,地下水层控热液矿床成矿流体往往是经历了深部岩浆房驱动的热水循环。(2)地下卤水不是形成内生多金属矿床的矿源体,其本身不具有形成多金属矿床的成矿物质条件,产于板缘地热异常带内的热卤水中的多金属元素,是板块活动引起的强烈的岩浆-火山活动所提供,卤水起到了活化、富集和搬运金属元素的作用。(3)MVT铅锌矿床和卡林型金矿床的矿床特征本身说明它们的成矿与岩浆热液有成因关系。(4)根据变质作用和变质岩的定义,所有的变化是在固态条件下进行的,变质作用和变质岩难以形成变质热液矿床,其成因类型可归为岩浆热液矿床。(5)韧性剪切带是岩浆热力作用和构造应力作用下的塑性变形,成矿是岩浆热液在后期脆性断裂中充填交代而成。对矿床成因的正确认识,可有效的指导找矿勘查工作。岩浆成矿作用是最广泛、最强烈的成矿作用之一。     

大渡河上游不同地带居民对环境退化的响应

Environmental degeneration in the Tibetan Plateau attracts worldwide attention, whereas case studies on how the residents understand and respond to environmental degeneration are scarce. Using a Participatory Rural Appraisal method, this paper investigates how the people in different regions in the upper Dadu River understand and respond to environmental degeneration, based on comparative field surveys in three villages, in which Danzamu village is chosen from villages in the valley region, Kerma village from mountainside region, Rico village from the mountain and plateau region. The results show that: (1) although awakened to environmental degeneration, the residents in different regions have different responses. As agricultural labors have been transferred to the secondary and tertiary industries, population pressure in Danzamu and Kerma villages is mitigated. Residents in Danzamu village actively respond to natural disasters and forest degradation, as their livelihoods never rely on forests and rangelands again. Whereas the residents in Kema village negatively respond to natural disasters, forest and meadow degradation and the ruin of wildlife resources, as their livelihoods still rely on stockbreeding. Labors in Rico village are hard to transfer to the secondary and tertiary industries, so they have to raise more livestock to make a living. Active measures are just taken to avoid livestock loss, not to avoid forest and meadow degradation and the ruin of wildlife resources. So the most fragile region is the mountain and plateau region and mountainside region, not the valley region. (2) Livelihood strategy is the key factor affecting the residents to respond to population pressure and environmental degeneration. So the framework of sustainable livelihood strategy should be used to explain and intervene in issues of population pressure and environmental degradation in ecotones. (3) Transferring agricultural labors to the secondary and tertiary industries were favorable to improving people’s livelihood. It is necessary to reduce the education fees to speed up the pace of labors transferring in the mountainside region. In the mountain and plateau region, preferable ways also include the development of towns, highways, education equipment and other establishments. Foundation: National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40471009; No.30270256; National Basic Research Program of China, No.2002CB412500; No.2005CB422006; Knowledge Innovation Project of CAS, No.KZCX3-SW-339 Author: Yan Jianzhong, Ph.D., specialized in LUCC, global change and regional responses.     

北京地区严重大气污染的气象和化学因子

利用北京３２５ ｍ 气象塔进行了大气污染物臭氧、氮氧化物、一氧化碳和气象要素的同步观测, 对影响大气污染的气象和化学因子进行了分析,探讨大气污染物变化的规律, 为城市空气污染预报提供理论基础。