云南省县域城镇化与交通优势度的时空协同性演化分析

运用ArcGIS空间分析、交通优势度模型和耦合协调度模型等方法,对云南省县域城镇化与交通优势度的时空协同性演化特征进行系统分析。研究表明：① 城镇化与交通基础设施相互促进又相互制约,存在正负双向反馈;基础设施建设滞后、城乡二元结构格局、城市空间无序蔓延是导致两者耦合协调空间差异的主要因素。② 2000~2014年云南省整体县域城镇化水平普遍较低,约90%的县域处于城镇化起步阶段。③ 云南省县域交通优势度整体水平逐年提升,但空间分异特征显著。④ 2000~2014年期间云南省县域城镇化与交通优势度的耦合协调水平虽大幅提升,但整体协调度仍然偏低、空间分异特征依然突出。     

强震前形变潮汐异常判识与机理研究

通过对永胜倾斜、侯马应变数字化固体潮汐观测资料的分析研究,认为当孕震系统进入失稳的临界状态时,微量级的形变突变可能受到引潮力的触发作用. 阶变异常与引潮力的方向、断层走向的剪应力的大小和方向有一定的相关性. 本文首次将形变异常与附加引潮力的关系进行研究,以探索临震前形变异常的物理机制及判识方法.      

谈法家沈括的海陆变迁思想

伟大革命导师恩格斯指出:“整个自然界被证明是在永恒的流动和循环中运动着。”海陆变迁正是这种运动着的大自然留下的一种最明显的证据。     

夏季亚非地区季风环流形成中大地形和不同加热因子的作用

本文使用数值模拟方法研究夏季亚非地区季风环流对大地形和不同加热因子作用的响应,目标在于探索季风环流中期变化和年际变化的可能原因。作为整个工作的一部分,首先考虑了大地形和平均加热场,成功地模拟了夏季亚非地区的季风环流和各个环流系统。以此为基础,比较並讨论了平均加热场的二个主要分量——感热加热(以青藏高原和北非大陆热源为明显)和潜热加热(以孟加拉湾及其附近地区为明显)对夏季风环流形成的相对重要性。     

泾县、淮北地震台SS-Y型铟瓦伸缩仪洞体应变观测对比

选取泾县、淮北地震台SS-Y型铟瓦伸缩仪2017年度观测资料,从观测环境、观测资料内在质量、降水、气压因素影响差异等方面,对比2个台站洞体应变观测的异同点,并分析观测资料质量出现差异的可能原因。结果显示,淮北地震台形变观测山洞的基础条件和观测资料内在质量全面优于泾县地震台。     

The timing and magnitude of changes to Hortonian overland flow at the watershed scale during the post-fire recovery process

Extreme hydrologic responses following wildfires can lead to floods and debris flows with costly economic and societal impacts. Process-based hydrologic and geomorphic models used to predict the downstream impacts of wildfire must account for temporal changes in hydrologic parameters related to the generation and subsequent routing of infiltration-excess overland flow across the landscape. However, we lack quantitative relationships showing how parameters change with time-since-burning, particularly at the watershed scale. To assess variations in best-fit hydrologic parameters with time, we used the KINEROS2 hydrological model to explore temporal changes in hillslope saturated hydraulic conductivity (K_sh) and channel hydraulic roughness (n_c) following a wildfire in the upper Arroyo Seco watershed (41.5 km²), which burned during the 2009 Station fire in the San Gabriel Mountains, California, USA. This study explored runoff-producing storms between 2008 and 2014 to infer watershed hydraulic properties by calibrating the model to observations at the watershed outlet. Modelling indicates K_sh is lowest in the first year following the fire and then increases at an average rate of approximately 4.2 mm/h/year during the first 5 years of recovery. The estimated values for K_sh in the first year following the fire are similar to those obtained in previous studies on smaller watersheds (<1.5 km²) following the Station fire, suggesting hydrologic changes detected here can be applied to lower-order watersheds. Hydraulic roughness, n_c, was lowest in the first year following the fire, but increased by a factor of 2 after 1 year of recovery. Post-fire observations suggest changes in n_c are due to changes in grain roughness and vegetation in channels. These results provide quantitative constraints on the magnitude of fire-induced hydrologic changes following severe wildfires in chaparral-dominated ecosystems as well as the timing of hydrologic recovery.     

川东长兴组生物礁的高分辨率层序地层研究

高分辨率层序地层是近年来层序地层的新发展，它极大地提高了层序地层分析的分辨率和储层预测的准确性，对油气勘探具有重要意义。文章简要介绍了高分辨率层序地层在川东长兴组生物礁组合中的尝试研究，包括利用岩芯资料划分基准面短期旋回；利用岩芯标定，建立岩芯基准面的测井响应关系；并建立了短期、中期、长期三级次的基准面旋回。在此基础上，运用基准面旋回的原理对川东开江地区长兴组生物礁组合进行了高分辨率层序地层对比分析，并建立了高分辨率等时地层格架。     

利用地震P波确定煤层瓦斯富集带的分布

查明煤层瓦斯富集区域,对可能的瓦斯突出点进行预报,是当前煤矿生产中亟待解决的重要课题。利用地震P波对裂缝性地层所表现出的方位各向异性特征,根据地震属性随方位角变化可以预测裂隙发育方向和密度的基本原理,应用多种地震P波方位属性预测裂隙发育带。通过对淮南张集煤矿西三采区三维地震P波资料的处理,获得6个方位地震数据体,从中提取多种与煤层和围岩裂隙相关的地震属性,并计算出裂隙的发育方向和密度,为确定瓦斯富集带的分布提供了一种新的途径。     

晚中生代地球表层重大地质事件的陆地环境剧变与生物群演替响应

晚中生代时期华北东北部发育燕辽生物群、热河生物群和阜新生物群陆地生物群。它们的快速演变过程和华北克拉通上同时期发育的岩石圈减薄、大面积强烈岩浆活动、变质核杂岩及伴随的伸展盆地等地球表层重大地质事件并行发生,表现着地壳表层系统圈层间的相互作用和响应。生物群的繁盛与灭绝与地球表层大规模岩浆-火山活动(髫髻山组—张家口组和大北沟组—义县组)发育时代高度协同一致。地球表层重大地质事件直接或间接地控制或改造着地球表层古地理和古生态环境,生物群只得调整自身去适应环境和生态背景的改变。火山-岩浆活动改变着地质-生态环境,生物群都紧密联系多期次火山-岩浆活动,化石也都被埋葬在沉积-火山碎屑岩中。华北克拉通破坏重大地质事件发生响应于全球变化和统一地球表层系统。盆地沉积充填序列、特殊陆相环境沉积建造、特殊环境沉积物等记录了响应的古地理、古环境变化与响应。陆地生物群分布、演化、更替与精确定年,脊椎-无脊椎生物(化石)埋葬特征,生物演化速率、消长关系和生物群(组合)更替的形式和性质,以及脊椎动物骨骼、牙齿的常量、微量元素、H-B-C-N-O-S和C-O-Sr等地球化学特征的研究可以恢复和重建古地理、古生态环境和古生态系统。     

Phylogeography of Batrachospermum arcuatum in North China based on ITS sequence data

Batrachospermum arcuatum Kylin is typically dioecious,although some monoecious specimens have been collected from four locations in North China.In this study,B.arcuatum populations,including monoecious and dioecious thalli,were collected from seven stream segments.The nuclear DNA internal transcribed spacer(ITS)region was sequenced for the seven populations,and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using Bayesian inference to assess intraspecifi c relationships.A haplotype network was also created.The ITS region in B.arcuatum from North China comprised 822–853 bp,with 10 haplotypes detected from the seven locations.The results of this study support the inclusion of monoecious individuals in the species B.arcuatum.