Human settlement evaluation in mountain areas based on remote sensing, GIS and ecological niche modeling

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the world’s highest and largest plateau. Due to increasing demands for environment exploration and tourism, a large transitional area is required for altitude adaptation. Hehuang valley, which locates in the transition zone between the Loess Plateau and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, has convenient transportation and relatively low elevation. Our question is whether the geographic conditions here are appropriate for adapted stay before going into the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Therefore, in this study, we examined the potential use of ecological niche modeling (ENM) for mapping current and potential distribution patterns of human settlements. We chose the Maximum Entropy Method (Maxent), an ENM which integrates climate, remote sensing and geographical data, to model distributions and assess land suitability for transition areas. After preprocessing and selection, the correlation between variables and spatial autocorrelation input data were removed and 106 occurrence points and 9 environmental layers were determined as the model inputs. The threshold-independent model performance was reasonable according to 10 times model running, with the area under the curve (AUC) values being 0.917 ± 0.01, and 0.923 ± 0.002 for test data. Cohen’s kappa coefficient of model performance was 0.848. Results showed that 82.22% of the study extent was not suitable for human settlement. Of the remaining areas, highly suitable areas accounted for 1.19%, moderately for 5.3% and marginally for 11.28%. These suitable areas totaled 418.79 km², and 86.25% of the sample data was identified in the different gradient of suitable area. The decisive environmental factors were slope and two climate variables: mean diurnal temperature range and temperature seasonality. Our model showed a good performance in mapping and assessing human settlements. This study provides the first predicted potential habitat distribution map for human settlement in Ledu County, which could also help in land use management.     

基于实测与模拟的青海湖冰厚时空变化特征

湖冰厚度是湖泊在封冻期的重要物理参数,明晰其时空变化特征对于认识气候变暖背景下的湖冰响应规律具有重要的理论价值和现实意义.基于ERA5 Climate Reanalysis气温数据集、MODIS MOD09GQ数据产品和2019年湖冰钻孔测厚数据及雷达测厚数据,重建20002019年青海湖冰厚时间序列并分析其时空变化特...     

Influence of Ultrasonic Treatment on the Allergenic Properties of Shrimp （Penaeus vannamei ） Allergen

The present study was undertaken to determine whether high intensity ultrasound could reduce the allergic properties of shrimp allergens. Reducing the allergenic properties of these allergens will be beneficial to allergic individuals. Samples of shrimp protein extract and shrimp muscle were treated by high-intensity ultrasound with water bathing at 0 ℃ or 50 ℃ for different time periods. The treated and untreated samples were then analyzed by SDS-PAGE, Western blots and competitive inhibition ELISA （Ci-ELISA） to determine the shrimp allergenicity. The results show that high-intensity ultrasound has no effect on allergenicity when the extracts were treated at 0℃. However, a significant decrease was observed in the level of the major shrimp allergen, Pen a 1, when the samples were treated at 50 ℃. In the determination of allergenicity with CiELISA, a reduction in IgE binding was also observed.     

基础设施投入效率时空演变及其关联格局研究——基于中国地级以上城市的实证

城市基础设施效率研究是科学评价基础设施发展质量的重要环节.在构建城市基础设施投入效率评价指标体系的基础上,借助MaxDEA软件,运用DEA模型,对2006-2016年中国地级以上城市基础设施投入产出效率进行测度和分解,探究其时空演变特征,并通过ESDA方法分析其空间关联格局.研究结果显示:①中国城市基础设施的总体投入产...     

生物气CO2还原途径中碳同位素分馏作用研究及应用

地质历史中,CO2/H2还原产甲烷作用对生物气的形成具有十分重要的意义。中国柴达木盆地第四系生物气主要为CO2/H2还原型生物气。笔者以CO2/H2还原生气理论为指导,进行不同初始碳同位素值和不同赋存状态碳源的生物模拟实验,研究CO2/H2还原产气过程中发生的碳同位素分馏作用。实验结果表明,产物中δ13CH4值与底物的δ13C值呈很好的正相关关系;在反应母质过量的情况下,碳源的赋存状态可以影响产物甲烷的碳同位素组成。以游离形式CO2还原产生的甲烷δ13C值,相对于以HCO3-、CO23-离子形式产生的甲烷δ13C值轻。通过柴达木盆地东部第四系生物气田实例分析,探讨了该区生物气的主要底物CO2的来源及赋存状态,对评价盆地生物气资源和有利勘探区预测有重要的参考价值。     

泾县地震台地磁核旋观测干扰排除分析

地磁观测是地震预报中重要的前兆手段之一。识别干扰,排除干扰,对保证观测资料的可靠尤为重要。我们根据泾县地震台地磁核旋观测过程中遇到的问题,利用对比观测方法,对观测数据进行分析,结果表明该仪器工作正常,性能稳定,精度很高;同时指出,在观测过程中应注意的一些问题,并排除了影响泾县地震台地磁观测的干扰源。     

蒙城地震台地磁Z分量日变化特征分析

利用蒙城地震台近20年的地磁Z分量观测资料,对磁静日幅度、磁扰日幅度和磁静日低点时间的年变化与长期变化进行了分析,结果表明,Z分量日变化特征明显。由此总结出Z分量变化的一些基本特征,对识别地磁场异常变化或干扰变化具有一定的参考价值。     

新矿物(19931～199312)

本文以表格形式列举了１９９３年１月至１９９３年１２月经《国际矿物学协会（ＩＭＡ）新矿物与矿物命名委员会（ＣＮＭＭＮ）》批准并在各国矿物学杂志上发表的４２个新矿物的中文英文名称、化学式及其他数据。数据依次为：矿物的晶系、空间群、晶胞参数、主要粉晶数据（Ｉ、ｈｋｌ）、物理性质（晶形、颜色、条痕、光泽、解理、发光、硬度、密度等）、光学性质（一、二轴晶,正、负光性,折光率,反射率,双反射,２Ｖ,色散,吸收性,多色性等）、产状、共生矿物等。     

Cracking mechanisms during galena mineralization in a sandstone-hosted lead–zinc ore deposit: case study of the Jinding giant sulfide deposit, Yunnan, SW China

There are two types of lead–zinc ore bodies, i.e., sandstone-hosted ores (SHO) and limestone-hosted ores (LHO), in the Jinding giant sulfide deposit, Yunnan, SW China. Structural analysis suggests that thrust faults and dome structures are the major structural elements controlling lead–zinc mineralization. The two types of ore bodies are preserved in two thrust sheets in a three-layered structural profile in the framework of the Jinding dome structure. The SHO forms the cap of the dome and LHO bodies are concentrated beneath the SHO cap in the central part of the dome. Quartz, feldspar and calcite, and sphalerite, pyrite, and galena are the dominant mineral components in the sandstone-hosted lead–zinc ores. Quartz and feldspar occur as detrital clasts and are cemented by diagenetic calcite and epigenetic sulfides. The sulfide paragenetic sequence during SHO mineralization is from early pyrite to galena and late sphalerite. Galena occurs mostly in two types of cracks, i.e., crescent-style grain boundary cracks along quartz–pyrite, or rarely along pyrite–pyrite boundaries, and intragranular radial cracks in early pyrite grains surrounding quartz clasts. The radial cracks are more or less perpendicular to the quartz–pyrite grain boundaries and do not show any overall (whole rock) orientation pattern. Their distribution, morphological characteristics, and geometrical relationships with quartz and pyrite grains suggest the predominant role of grain-scale cracking. Thermal expansion cracking is one of the most important mechanisms for the generation of open spaces during galena mineralization. Cracking due to heating or cooling by infiltrating fluids resulted from upwelling fluid phases through fluid passes connecting the SHO and LHO bodies, provided significant spaces for crystallization of galena. The differences in coefficients of thermal expansion between pyrite and quartz led to a difference in volume changes between quartz grains and pyrite grains surrounding them and contributed to cracking of the pyrite grains when temperature changed. Combined thermal expansion and elastic mismatch due to heating and subsequent cooling resulted in the radial and crescent cracking in the pyrite grains and along the quartz–pyrite grain boundaries.     

祁连山东部早古生代地层和沉积－构造演化

笔者报道了在祁连山东部开展早古生代地层和沉积一构造演化研究所获得的最新成果．在生物地层学方面，对祁连山东部寒武纪地层和动物群特征进行了系统的论述，对北祁连山奥陶纪等时地层格架、有关岩石地层单位的含义、时限及分布特征作了补充和修订。在沉积学方面，着重分析了祁连山东部早古生代各种沉积相及环境，特别是晚寒武世大陆裂谷发育中、晚期的火山一沉积环境．在上述基础上，运用板块构造理论提出祁连山东部早古生代沉积－构造演化的新认识．同时，该文亦描述了拉鸡山晚寒武世的４个三叶虫新属．