辽宁省春玉米全育期的气候适宜度及年景评估

为评价气候变化对玉米生长的影响,以辽宁省为例选取1969—2018年18个气象站点的逐日实测气象数据,利用模糊数学法建立春玉米气候适宜度评估模型,以地理信息技术为依托,探究春玉米气候适宜度的时空特征,并在此基础上进行玉米气候年景的综合评估。结果表明:①辽宁省春玉米全生育期内日照、温度、降水适宜度波动幅度较大;然而春玉米种植气候适宜度的空间差异性较弱。②春玉米各生育期气候适宜度由高到低为:出苗期>开花期>成熟期>播种期。全生育期温度适宜度最高,日照适宜度次之,降水适宜度最低。③春玉米播种期、出苗期、开花期和成熟期的气候适宜度最高值分别出现在辽阳、葫芦岛、营口和铁岭。④春玉米气候年景准确率达64%,表明该评估方法可以较为准确地反映气候年景。近50 a辽宁省春玉米偏好的年景有4个年份(1971、1979、1993、1998年),较差的有1969年(4.98%)及1973年(5.59%)。     

浙江省人口健康脆弱性评估及影响因素分析

运用集对分析法从敏感性和应对性2个方面对浙江省11个地市的人口健康脆弱性进行评估。研究表明:①从敏感性和应对性2个维度对城市人口健康脆弱性进行评估的方法具有一定可靠性,但在突发大型流行性病毒感染疫情的情境下仍需进一步完善;②各地市脆弱性指数排名与敏感性指数保持较高一致性,而与应对性指数则表现出异质性和随机性,认为降低敏感性是降低城市人口健康脆弱性指数的关键;③城市人口健康脆弱性评价还应该增加城市对大型突发公共卫生事件的敏感性和应对能力的考量,相应的评估方法和模型仍有待进一步研究。     

煤田三维地震勘探技术在河流及河漫滩地区的应用

山西高河井田属海河水系长治盆地水文区,主要河流为纵贯全区的浊漳河,自西南流入区内。勘探区内地形地质条件复杂,河流及河漫滩面积大,为克服三维地震勘探存在的诸如检波线的铺设、检波器藕合、激发层位选择等难题,主要采取了陆上检波器挖坑埋置（黄土地段坑深20cm,沙滩地段坑深40cm）、水上检波器用木桩固定等措施,并采用陆上井中放炮、砾石层坑炮、河水中水下放炮相结合的激发方式。为防止井喷和声波产生的高频随机干扰,采取浅井井口压沙袋技术。通过处理解释,获得了较为精确的断层、陷落柱等地质信息,为矿方安全生产提供了可靠的地质保障。     

内蒙古苏尼特左旗地区堆晶角闪辉长岩的发现及地质意义

通过详细的野外工作和室内研究，发现苏尼特左旗附近较广泛地分布有一种主要由角闪石和外长石组成的堆晶岩，其化学成分属基性岩范畴，可定名为堆晶角闪辉长岩。这类岩体具清楚的层状构造、堆晶结构．岩石化学成分、稀土元素、结构和构造等特征均表明，该类岩石是由富水的拉斑玄武岩浆经分离结晶作用形成的，是造山带火成岩组合中的一个主要组成部分，形成于造山构造岩浆旋回的早期阶段。     

川东南地区志留系龙马溪组页岩气有利区评价优选

通过对川东南地区志留系龙马溪组页岩有机质丰度、热成熟度、有机质类型、脆性矿物含量、页岩层厚度、埋藏深度、构造形态等七大地质因素的综合分析,认定该区分布广泛的页岩有机质含量较高,有机质类型较好,热演化程度高,生烃潜力大,具备形成页岩气藏的气源条件。页岩厚度较大,埋深较浅,脆性矿物含量较大,页岩气的保存条件良好,有利于页岩气的压裂与开采。     

中国东北地区的构造格局与演化:从500Ma到180Ma

中国东北变质基底为由含矽线石榴片麻岩、角闪斜长片麻岩、石墨大理岩和各种长英质片麻岩组成的孔兹岩系。采自额尔古纳、兴安、佳木斯和兴凯地块的矽线石榴片麻岩样品的锆石U-Pb测年均指示高级变质发生在500Ma左右。来自松辽地块古生代沉积物碎屑锆石的证据也表明约500Ma构造岩浆事件的存在。跨越整个中国东北不同地块的泛非期高级变质岩形成了超过1 300km北西向展布的晚泛非期"中国东北孔兹岩带",以顺时针p/T轨迹的孔兹岩带与同期岩浆杂岩共同构成了一巨型的约500Ma前后的造山带,笔者这里命名为"中国东北早古生代造山带"。这证明了中国东北各地块在500Ma之前已经拼合,并与西伯利亚克拉通具有构造亲缘性,曾是晚泛非期(500 Ma)西伯利亚南缘Sayang-Baikal造山带的组成部分。450Ma之后,已经拼合的中国东北地块群从西伯利亚裂解,向南朝现今的中国东北漂移;230Ma前后,东北地块群沿索伦—西拉沐伦—长春缝合带与华北板块碰撞;210～180 Ma,由于太平洋板块的俯冲导致佳木斯地块与西部松辽地块最终拼贴,沿佳木斯—兴凯地块西缘和南缘形成一弧形高压带(包括佳木斯—兴凯地块西缘黑龙江蓝片岩带和佳木斯—兴凯地块南缘长春—延吉带),这里简称"吉林—黑龙江高压变质带",之后东北地区进入了环太平洋构造域演化阶段并持续至今。     

祁连山东部早古生代地层和沉积－构造演化

笔者报道了在祁连山东部开展早古生代地层和沉积一构造演化研究所获得的最新成果．在生物地层学方面，对祁连山东部寒武纪地层和动物群特征进行了系统的论述，对北祁连山奥陶纪等时地层格架、有关岩石地层单位的含义、时限及分布特征作了补充和修订。在沉积学方面，着重分析了祁连山东部早古生代各种沉积相及环境，特别是晚寒武世大陆裂谷发育中、晚期的火山一沉积环境．在上述基础上，运用板块构造理论提出祁连山东部早古生代沉积－构造演化的新认识．同时，该文亦描述了拉鸡山晚寒武世的４个三叶虫新属．     

Cracking mechanisms during galena mineralization in a sandstone-hosted lead–zinc ore deposit: case study of the Jinding giant sulfide deposit, Yunnan, SW China

There are two types of lead–zinc ore bodies, i.e., sandstone-hosted ores (SHO) and limestone-hosted ores (LHO), in the Jinding giant sulfide deposit, Yunnan, SW China. Structural analysis suggests that thrust faults and dome structures are the major structural elements controlling lead–zinc mineralization. The two types of ore bodies are preserved in two thrust sheets in a three-layered structural profile in the framework of the Jinding dome structure. The SHO forms the cap of the dome and LHO bodies are concentrated beneath the SHO cap in the central part of the dome. Quartz, feldspar and calcite, and sphalerite, pyrite, and galena are the dominant mineral components in the sandstone-hosted lead–zinc ores. Quartz and feldspar occur as detrital clasts and are cemented by diagenetic calcite and epigenetic sulfides. The sulfide paragenetic sequence during SHO mineralization is from early pyrite to galena and late sphalerite. Galena occurs mostly in two types of cracks, i.e., crescent-style grain boundary cracks along quartz–pyrite, or rarely along pyrite–pyrite boundaries, and intragranular radial cracks in early pyrite grains surrounding quartz clasts. The radial cracks are more or less perpendicular to the quartz–pyrite grain boundaries and do not show any overall (whole rock) orientation pattern. Their distribution, morphological characteristics, and geometrical relationships with quartz and pyrite grains suggest the predominant role of grain-scale cracking. Thermal expansion cracking is one of the most important mechanisms for the generation of open spaces during galena mineralization. Cracking due to heating or cooling by infiltrating fluids resulted from upwelling fluid phases through fluid passes connecting the SHO and LHO bodies, provided significant spaces for crystallization of galena. The differences in coefficients of thermal expansion between pyrite and quartz led to a difference in volume changes between quartz grains and pyrite grains surrounding them and contributed to cracking of the pyrite grains when temperature changed. Combined thermal expansion and elastic mismatch due to heating and subsequent cooling resulted in the radial and crescent cracking in the pyrite grains and along the quartz–pyrite grain boundaries.     

The Control of the Spatial and Temporal Differential Evolution of Boundary Faults on Faulted Basins

The boundary faults of faulted basins generally have segmental growth characteristics. Quantitative analysis of fault growth processes and combined models is of great significance for basin formation and evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation. Taking the Fulongquan fault depression in the southern part of the Songliao Basin as an example, using the 3D seismic data and using the fault-displacement length analysis method, the segmental growth and evolution process of the boundary fault is systematically studied, and the control effect of the spatial and temporal differential evolution of boundary faults on faulted basins is analyzed. The study shows that the segmental growth control of the boundary fault of Fulongquan fault depression forms a series of semi-mantle shoals; the sedimentary center of the Shahezi-Yingcheng fault is controlled to migrate from south to north; The slanting and thrusting activities control the height of the anticline trap; the transformation of the boundary fault property controls the evolution of the basin's tectonic pattern from the tandem semi-mantle to the faulted anticline.     

秦皇岛柳江地区辉绿岩脉特征及其成因

秦皇岛柳江地区辉绿岩脉主要分布于碳酸盐岩出露区的亮甲山、石门寨、潮水峪西北、砂锅店东北、揣庄北、石岭西北、鸡冠山等地,且多以脉状,岩墙、岩床等形式产出。对柳江地区辉绿岩常量元素的分析表明:w(SiO₂)变化较大,且平均值较低;w(FeO+Fe₂O₃)平均值比基性岩类略偏高;w(Al₂O₃)、w(CaO)、w(MgO)、w(K₂O+Na₂O)的平均值均在基性岩类平均值范围内;w(TiO₂)的平均值为1.53%。微量元素富集高场强元素Ta、Nb、Zr、Hf,La/Nb>1,表明岩浆上升过程中受到地壳不同程度的混染;稀土元素球粒陨石标准化分布型图各样品基本一致,呈右倾,稀土元素总量较高,轻稀土较重稀土富集,无明显的Eu异常,反映出岩浆演化过程中分离结晶作用并不明显,样品之间的稀土分馏程度相同。分析结果与研究区辉绿岩的岩相学特征相结合,表明柳江地区辉绿岩属于钾玄岩系列,来自于板内环境。结合研究区大地构造背景,认为研究区辉绿岩脉是钾玄质系列玄武质岩浆沿早期断裂或岩层层面灌入冷凝而形成。