Catalog of equatorial coordinates and <Emphasis Type="Italic">B</Emphasis>-magnitudes of stars of the Kitab part of the FON project

The processing of the plates of the Kitab part of the FON project has been completed. In total, 1963 plates were processed. The catalog of equatorial coordinates α, δ, and B-magnitudes for 13 413268 stars and galaxies up to B ≤ 17.5 ^m for the epoch 1984.97 is compiled. The Epson Expression 10000XL scanner with a 1200 dpi scanning mode and a plate size of 30 × 30 cm or 13000 × 13000 pel was used to digitize astronegatives. Coordinates of stars and galaxies are obtained in the Tycho-2 catalog system and B-magnitudes are obtained in the photovoltaic system. The catalog internal accuracy for all objects is σ_α,δ = 0.23" and σ _B = 0.15 ^m (for stars in the range B = 5 ^m …14 ^m , errors are σ_α,δ = 0.085" and σ _B = 0.054 ^m ) for equatorial coordinates and stellar B-magnitudes, respectively. Convergence between the calculated and reference positions is σ_α,δ = 0.042", and convergence between photoelectric B-magnitudes is σ _B = 0.16 ^m . Coordinate errors with respect to the UCAC-4 catalog are σ_α,δ = 0.26" (9892697 or 73.75% of stars and galaxies were identified).     

Spectral Trends of Solar Bursts at Sub-THz Frequencies

Previous sub-THz studies were derived from single-event observations. We here analyze for the first time spectral trends for a larger collection of sub-THz bursts. The collection consists of a set of 16 moderate to small impulsive solar radio bursts observed at 0.2 and 0.4 THz by the Solar Submillimeter-wave Telescope (SST) in 2012?–?2014 at El Leoncito, in the Argentinean Andes. The peak burst spectra included data from new solar patrol radio telescopes (45 and 90 GHz), and were completed with microwave data obtained by the Radio Solar Telescope Network, when available. We critically evaluate errors and uncertainties in sub-THz flux estimates caused by calibration techniques and the corrections for atmospheric transmission, and introduce a new method to obtain a uniform flux scale criterion for all events. The sub-THz bursts were searched during reported GOES soft X-ray events of class C or larger, for periods common to SST observations. Seven out of 16 events exhibit spectral maxima in the range 5?–?40 GHz with fluxes decaying at sub-THz frequencies (three of them associated to GOES class X, and four to class M). Nine out of 16 events exhibited the sub-THz spectral component. In five of these events, the sub-THz emission fluxes increased with a separate frequency from that of the microwave spectral component (two classified as X and three as M), and four events have only been detected at sub-THz frequencies (three classified as M and one as C). The results suggest that the THz component might be present throughout, with the minimum turnover frequency increasing as a function of the energy of the emitting electrons. The peculiar nature of many sub-THz burst events requires further investigations of bursts that are examined from SST observations alone to better understand these phenomena.     

The Intensity–Velocity Phase Spectra of Evanescent Oscillations and Acoustic Sources

There are three major issues in modeling solar evanescent oscillations: the variation of the intensity [I]–velocity [V] phase difference of p-modes close to the base of photosphere; the existence of a plateau of negative I–V phase differences below and between the ridges of the low-frequency p-modes; the explanation of the I–V cross-spectra of the evanescent oscillations. We present new interpretations for the first two issues, based on modeling intensity fluctuations taking steep temperature gradients, opacity, and non-adiabatic cooling into account. We also discuss consequences of our model for the explanation of power spectra and cross-power spectra of p-modes. In particular, we present evidence that the acoustic sources that generate evanescent waves produce a coherent background that explains the plateau–interridge regime of negative I–V phase difference.     

A new look at the origin of the 6.67 hr period X-ray pulsar 1E 161348-5055

The point X-ray source 1E 161348-5055 is observed to display pulsations with the period 6.67?hr and $|\dot{P}| \leq1.6 \times10^{-9}\,{\rm s\,s^{-1}}$ . It is associated with the supernova remnant RCW?103 and is widely believed to be a ～2000?yr old neutron star. Observations give no evidence for the star to be a member of a binary system. Nevertheless, it resembles an accretion-powered pulsar with the magnetospheric radius ～3000?km and the mass-accretion rate $\sim 10^{14}\,{\rm g\,s^{-1}}$ . This situation could be described in terms of accretion from a (residual) fossil disk established from the material falling back towards the star after its birth. However, current fall-back accretion scenarios encounter major difficulties explaining an extremely long spin period of the young neutron star. We show that the problems can be avoided if the accreting material is magnetized. The star in this case is surrounded by a fossil magnetic slab in which the material is confined by the magnetic field of the accretion flow itself. We find that the surface magnetic field of the neutron star within this scenario is ～10¹²?G and that a presence of $\gtrsim10^{-7}\,{\rm M_{\odot}}$ magnetic slab would be sufficient to explain the origin and current state of the pulsar.     

Five dimensional bulk viscous cosmological model with wet dark fluid in general relativity

In this paper, we have constructed a five dimensional LRS Bianchi type I cosmological model with wet dark fluid (WDF) in general relativity with the matter field described as bulk viscosity. It is found that in presence of bulk viscosity an inflationary effective stiff fluid cosmological model is obtained, whereas in absence of bulk viscosity the wet dark fluid degenerate to stiff fluid. Some physical and geometrical properties of the model are also discussed.     

Reionization and the Cosmic Dawn with the Square Kilometre Array

The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) will have a low frequency component (SKA-low) which has as one of its main science goals the study of the redshifted 21 cm line from the earliest phases of star and galaxy formation in the Universe. This 21 cm signal provides a new and unique window both on the time of the formation of the first stars and accreting black holes and the subsequent period of substantial ionization of the intergalactic medium. The signal will teach us fundamental new things about the earliest phases of structure formation, cosmology and even has the potential to lead to the discovery of new physical phenomena. Here we present a white paper with an overview of the science questions that SKA-low can address, how we plan to tackle these questions and what this implies for the basic design of the telescope.     

Spectroscopic studies of four planetary nebulae with emission-line nuclei

Spectroscopic observations of four planetary nebulae (PNe) with emission-line central stars of different spectral types are presented: Cn 1-5, Pe 1-1, NGC 5873, and M1-19. The interstellar extinction, physical conditions (n _e , T _e ), and abundances of several elements (He, N, O, Ne, S, Ar, Cl) have been determined for all nebulae. The nebula Cn 1–5 with fairly high abundances of helium and nitrogen is shown to belong to type I PNe. Possible variability of the intensities of low-excitation emission lines in NGC 5873 has been found; it can be related to variations of the stellar wind from the central star. The measured α-element abundance ratios (S/O, Ne/O, Ar/O, Cl/O) are in good agreement with those typical of HII regions.     

Underwater camera system for deep‐sea bottom photography

A 35 mm camera system has been developed to operate to depths of 4,000 m. The system takes up to 24 pictures at one lowering, and uses standard torch batteries which last more than 10 lowerings.     

Integrated Research of the Southeastern Baltic Sea during the Cruise 47 of the R/V Akademik Nikolaj Strakhov

Oceanology - New data on the geological structure and genesis of relict bottom relief forms, objects of underwater cultural heritage, and the structure of bottom sediments in the Baltic Sea were...