Subsurface target recognition in Utopia Planitia of Mars by Tianwen-1 FP-SPR simulation

As a cold and dry planet, Mars contains water resources in the form of water ice, so that the electromagnetic waves can be transmitted to the deep underground to get the information of the topography and subsurface geological structure. Subsurface penetrating radar(SPR) can be widely used in deep space exploration for a long time because of its non-destructive detection mode and its working characteristics not limited by visible light. It is an important type of equipment for detecting the subsurface structure of planets. Orbiter radar is mainly used in Mars exploration. However, because of its low resolution, it is difficult to describe the near surface structure, so there is a lack of radar data which can reflect the shallow information. In this paper, a three-dimensional near surface model of Utopia Planitia on Mars is established. In order to make the simulation results more reasonable, the key factors such as topographic relief, subsurface rocks and water ice, and the variation of dielectric constant in different layers are taken into account. Then the full polarization forward modeling is carried out by using the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method. The acquired full polarimetric subsurface penetrating radar(FP-SPR) data with noise is preprocessed and further processed by Pauli decomposition. The underground reflection can be picked up more clearly from the Pauli decomposition results. This work is helpful to identify more details of subsurface structures and provides a reference for the measured data in the future.     

中国贵金属矿床的基本成矿规律与找矿方向

通过对近年来贵金属矿床勘查进展及其主要类型、主要成矿时代、主要矿集区等的分析与归纳,总结了中国金矿床、银矿床和铂族元素矿床的基本成矿规律,并提出它们各自的找矿方向。中国金矿床类型多,主要形成于中生代和新生代,集中在胶东、辽东、华北地台边缘、小秦岭、阿尔泰、金沙江-红河断裂带、台湾和东南沿海、滇黔桂、陕甘川及长江、黑龙江等主要水系的上游,金矿的找矿方向包括:①老矿区的"探边摸底"和"攻深找盲";②新矿集区的典型研究与采选冶技术改进;③综合利用技术的创新将使相当多的表外矿变为当前可开采的矿床;④新区勘查;⑤加强成矿系列、成矿体系和成矿规律的研究,以理论指导找矿并综合评价。中国银矿以伴生银矿为主,主要形成于中生代和新生代,变质岩、岩浆岩和沉积岩均可容矿,造山带和盆地区的构造破碎带尤其值得重视。当前需要加强对锰矿区含银性和Mn异常区的研究,尤其是中国东部中新生代盆地区断裂带与Mn、Ag化探异常吻合地区,应该综合评价。中国铂族元素矿床可以分为岩浆型、沉积型和热液型三大类,可形成于从前寒武纪到新生代的各个时代,至少构成8个重要成矿远景区(带),重点放在康滇地轴和二叠纪末期峨眉地幔柱影响到的地区,但华北地台老基底中的原生矿及其周边的砂矿不可忽视。     

银川平原植被生长与地下水关系研究

干旱区植被生长与地下水的关系是生态水文地质学研究的热点之一。西北内陆干旱地区降水稀少,植被的生长发育与地下水的关系极为密切,从大尺度上研究地下水变化的生态效应问题对生态环境的保护和恢复具有重要的意义。借助遥感方法,结合地下水观测数据,在区域尺度上定量地研究了中国银川平原地区地下水埋深及矿化度与植被生长的关系。结果表明:适宜植被生长的地下水埋深范围约为1~6m,当地下水位埋深为3.5m左右时,植被长势最好。而在水位埋深为3.5m左右的地区,植被生长的相对好坏又受地下水矿化度的影响。当地下水矿化度为0.9g/L时对该地区植被的生长最为有利。     

城市居民中暑流行病学特征及其与气象因子的关系

利用武汉市1994～2000、2002～2005年共11年1 231个中暑病例资料和逐日相关气象资料,采取有关统计学方法,对该市居民中暑流行病学特征及其与气象因子的关系进行了分析。结果表明,一年之中,中暑主要发生在6～9月,以7月中、下旬和8月上旬中暑患者最多;一天之中,中暑主要发生在09～20时,10～11时、14～15时为中暑发生高峰期;当气温在34.5～36.5℃、相对湿度在55%～60%之间时,中暑患者相对集中。     

2007年汛期AREM模式降水预报效果检验分析

过对2007年6～8月AREM模式降水预报做不同时效、不同区域的TS评分对比,比较AREM与T213、JAPAN三个模式降水预报TS评分,并对AREM模式2007年汛期主要降水过程预报效果进行检验分析,从而获得AREM模式2007年汛期降水预报效果和特点,结果表明:(1)从AREM模式不同时效降水预报TS评分对比可知,对长江中下游区域,AREM模式12～36 h预报效果好于0～24 h预报,24～48 h效果相对较差,对华南、华北、东北、西南东部区域的降水,AREM模式预报效果均随时效延长而减弱。(2)由AREM模式对不同区域降水预报TS评分的对比可知,AREM模式(各预报时效)对长江中下游地区各量级降水预报的TS评分均高于全国范围的TS评分,西南东部(各预报时效)小雨(以上)量级TS评分均为各区域最高,但中雨以上各量级TS评分均低于全国范围,其他区域无稳定的预报特性。(3)从AREM、T213、JAPAN对长江中下游地区12～36 h降水预报TS评分对比可知,三个模式小雨(以上)量级降水的TS评分基本相当,对该区域暴雨、大暴雨强降水中心的预报,AREM好于T213,JAPAN相对较差,随量级增加AREM预报优势表现更为明显。(4)对2007年汛期6次个例分析可知,AREM模式对长江中下游尤其是江淮流域的大范围强降水过程预报效果较好,对暴雨、大暴雨中心的预报较T213和JAPAN有明显的优势,但对小范围、局地强降水过程的预报效果不够理想。     

基于夜间多时相遥感数据的热异常与地震的相关性

本文使用第二代欧洲气象卫星MSG搭载的SEVIRI传感器数据,基于卫星数据稳健分析技术提取了意大利地区2015—2017年间的三次热异常,并在此基础上增加热异常的判定条件,利用静止气象卫星的高时间分辨率特性,基于夜间多时相遥感数据探究热异常与地震的相关性.结果显示:通过夜间多时相遥感数据均值可更清晰地展示出研究区热异常...     

Preliminary seismic anisotropy in the upper crust of the south segment of Xiaojiang faults and its tectonic implications

The Xiaojiang faults,striking north-to-south(NS),and the Honghe faults,striking north-to-west(NW),are first-order block boundaries that intersect to form a concentrated stress zone at an acute angle in the southern part of the Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block(SYB).It is also a crucial zone for material escaping from the Tibetan Plateau(TP)due to the collision between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate.In December 2017,the Institute of Earthquake Forecasting of the China Earthquake Administration(CEA)deployed a linear temporary seismic broadband array,the Honghe-Xiaojiang temporary Seismic Array(HX Array),across first-order block boundaries in the southern SYB.By using the waveform data of small earthquakes recorded by stations in the HX Array across Xiaojiang faults from 2017 to 2019,and by permanent seismic stations of the China National Earthquake Networks from 2012 to 2019,this paper adopts the systematic analysis method of shear-wave splitting(SWS),SAM method,to obtain preliminary results for seismic anisotropy in the upper crust.The study area can be divided into two subzones according to the spatial distribution of the directions of polarization of the fast shear-wave(PFS)at the stations:the northern zone(zone A,where the HX Array is located)and the southern zone(zone B,to the south of the HX Array).The results show that the directions of the PFS at stations in zone A were highly consistent,dominant in the NE direction,correlated with the in-situ principal compressive stress,and were seemingly unaffected by the Xiaojiang faults.The directions of the PFS as recorded at stations in zone B were more complicated,and were dominant in the NS direction parallel to that of the regional principal compressive stress.This suggests the joint influence of complex tectonics and regional stress in this narrow wedge area.By referring to the azimuthal anisotropy derived from seismic ambient noise in the southeast margin of the TP,the NS direction of the PFS in the middle and lower crust,and its EW direction in the upper mantle,this paper concludes that azimuthal anisotropy in the upper crust differed from that in the lower crust in the south segment of Xiaojiang faults,at least beneath the observation area,and azimuthal anisotropy in the crust was different from that in the upper mantle.The results support the pattern of deformation of ductile flow in the lower crust,and the decoupling between the upper and lower crusts as well as that between the crust and the mantle in the study area.The crustal directions of the PFS appeared to be independent of the Xiaojiang faults,suggesting that the influence of the South China block on the SYB passed through the Xiaojiang faults to the Yimen region.The results of this study indicate that anisotropic studies based on data on the dense temporary seismic array can yield clearer tectonic information,and reveal the complex spatial distribution of stress and deformation in the upper crust of the south segment of Xiaojiang faults.     

新疆柯坪大湾沟中、上奥陶统旋回地层学研究及其地质意义

通过对新疆柯坪地区中、上奥陶统萨尔干组和坎岭组高分辨率磁化率数据进行旋回地层学研究,识别出405kyr 长偏心率,111 kyr 短偏心率,38.6kyr、34.1 kyr 和31.0kyr 斜率,以及21.8kyr、20.2 kyr、18.5 kyr 和18.2 kyr岁差旋回,其中斜率信号突出.滤波结果显示萨尔干组...     

基于信息扩散理论的水产养殖灾害风险评价

以基于信息扩散理论的模糊数学模型的灾害评价方法,利用防城港市近十多年水产养殖的气象灾害资料,对其进行灾害风险分析,通过分析,揭示水产养殖业气象灾害的特点、发生规律等。     

广西农业干旱动态评估模型

以自然条件下大气-作物-土壤系统的水量平衡方程为基础,结合广西干旱灾害特点,建立广西农业干旱评估模型。与广西历史农业旱情实况对比分析表明,该模型能够较客观、定量地对农业干旱的发生、发展过程进行逐日动态监测和灾中、灾后评估。