三峡库区巫山新城超高加筋挡墙变形破坏及修复研究

结合三峡库区弃渣灾害的防治和回填增地,以巫山新城加筋土挡墙等实际工程为典型进行剖析,对加筋土挡墙,特别是超高加筋土挡墙变形破坏机制和过程进行了系统深入的研究。从加筋土挡墙填土物理力学性质室内试验研究入手,采用FLAC等数值计算方法,系统地研究了加筋土挡墙的应力状况和变形破坏特性。将离心模拟技术应用于超高多级加筋土挡墙(H=57m)的研究中,进行了三级加筋土挡墙的离心模型试验,对加筋土挡墙墙背土压力分布规律、挡墙面板和填土的沉降情况以及拉筋的拉力分布规律进行了详细而系统的研究。特别是精心设计出离心模型试验中三级挡墙的面板与拉筋的联结,较真实地反映了实际工程中加筋土挡墙整体复合结构的力学特性。根据研究结果,提出了巫山新城加筋土挡墙修复加固方案,编制了设计报告,并加以实施。目前,修复加固工程效果良好。　对库区,乃至全国超高加筋土挡墙的建设均有指导和示范作用。     

滇东断陷盆地南洞岩溶地下水系统地下河水文动态特征与资源量评价

本文对滇东断陷盆地南洞岩溶地下水系统各地下河的水文动态特征进行了分析,推断了南洞岩溶地下水系统的结构特征.根据岩性构造、地下河发育以及补径排关系,将其划分为四个子系统.分别采用降雨入渗系数法和径流模数法对南洞岩溶地下水系统的天然资源量进行计算,计算结果分别为35610.7万m3/a和33460.2万m3/a.用枯季径流模数法对南洞岩溶地下水系统的可采资源量进行了计算,计算结果为23407.3万m3/a,其可开采资源量巨大.南洞地下河在没有天然补给量的情况下,120天消耗的调蓄量为4503.3万m3,南洞地下河日允许开采资源量为49.4万m3/d.二号暗河建库蓄水条件下库区上游的日允许开采量为75.9万m3/d,蓄水库容来源于工程设计,资源保证程度高.本次研究可为南洞岩溶地下水资源的开发利用和调配提供科学依据.     

基于KARL 3D迭代重建算法双低检查技术在支气管动脉成像中的临床价值

目的：探讨基于KARL 3D迭代重建算法双低检查技术在支气管动脉成像中的临床价值。方法：回顾性分析2020年7月至9月武汉市肺科医院收治的60例咯血患者的临床影像资料,随机抽取采用A方案患者30例,采用B方案患者30例。A组采用120 kV,对比剂80 mL,FBP重建图像;B组采用100 kV,对比剂65 mL,分别进行KARL 3D 5级和FBP重建图像。比较两组图像质量主观评分,客观评价及辐射剂量差异。结果：B组KARL 3D 5级重建图像质量与A组差异无统计学意义,两者均满足CTA诊断要求。B组KARL 3D 5级重建图像较FBP重建图像相比,图像噪声下降,图像质量提高,差异有统计学意义。B组有效剂量低于A组差异有统计学意义。结论：基于KARL 3D迭代重建算法采用低管电压和低对比剂用量所获支气管动脉图像可以满足诊断要求,同时也能降低患者自身所受辐射剂量和对比剂用量。     

PI-RADS v2.1联合PSA相关指标预测PSA灰区前列腺癌的价值研究

目的：探讨建立前列腺影像报告及数据系统（PI-RADS v2.1）联合前列腺抗原（PSA）相关衍生物的Logistic模型对PSA灰区（4～10ng/mL）前列腺癌（PCa）的诊断价值。材料与方法：回顾性分析经病理证实的49例前列腺癌（PCa）和118例非癌患者的资料,包括年龄、tPSA、fPSA、PI-RADS v2.1评分、PSAD、fPSA/tPSA。对组间有统计学差异的指标进行Logistic回归分析,确定PCa独立预测指标,并分别联合PI-RADS v2.1评分建立Logistic回归预测模型。通过受试者工作特性曲线（ROC）评价各模型的诊断效能。结果：①年龄、tPSA、fPSA在PCa与非癌组间无统计学差异,fPSA/tPSA、PSAD、PI-RADS v2.1评分有统计学差异。②Logistic回归分析显示PI-RADS v2.1评分、PSAD、fPSA/tPSA为PCa独立预测因子;拟建立预测模型,A模型：Logit（P）=-10.82+2.32×PI-RADS v2.1+11.89×PSAD;B模型：Logit（P）=-6.13+2.19×PI-RADS v2.1-12.02×fPSA/tPSA。ROC曲线下面积分别为0.918和0.893,均高于单独使用PI-RADS v2.1评分,差异具有统计学意义。其中A模型敏感度0.843、特异度0.829,较单独使用PI-RADS v2.1评分（敏感度0.767、特异度0.801）诊断效能最佳。结论：PI-RADS v2.1评分联合PSA相关指标建立的Logistic模型在PSA灰区前列腺癌的诊断效能均优于单独运用PI-RADS v2.1评分,能够避免不必要的穿刺活检,对优化临床治疗策略具有较好的指导作用。     

Influence of a coarse interlayer on seawater intrusion and contaminant migration in coastal aquifers

Vertical 2D slice laboratory experiments were carried out in homogenous and layered sand tanks to elucidate the effects of a highly permeable (coarse‐grained sand) interlayer on seawater intrusion and transport of contaminants to a coastal sea. Tidal fluctuations produced oscillations in the seawater–freshwater transition zone, fluctuations of the contaminant infiltration rate and a zigzag contaminant plume outline. The seawater wedge became discontinuous at the (vertical) edges of the interlayer because of increased lateral movement of the seawater–freshwater interface within the interlayer. The contaminant plume formed a tail within the interlayer depending on the tidal stage, and similar to the wedge, its movement was accentuated. A simple analytical model that neglected vertical flow reliably predicted steady‐state seawater intrusion into the coastal aquifer. Numerical modeling was used to gain insight into the groundwater hydrodynamics and contaminant migration. The numerical results confirmed the experimental findings, i.e. that a highly permeable interlayer can provide a rapid transit path for contaminants to reach the seaward boundary and that the interlayer amplifies the effects of tidal fluctuations, resulting in wider transition zones for the seawater wedge and contaminant plume. Numerical simulations further showed that, with increasing interlayer hydraulic conductivity, the maximum seawater intrusion distance inside the interlayer increases approximately linearly. For the fixed‐head contaminant injection condition used, the model showed that contaminant infiltration increases approximately logarithmically with increasing interlayer hydraulic conductivity (other factors held fixed). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A new standardized Palmer drought index for hydro‐meteorological use

Accepting the concept of standardization introduced by the standardized precipitation index, similar methodologies have been developed to construct some other standardized drought indices such as the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). In this study, the authors provided deep insight into the SPEI and recognized potential deficiencies/limitations in relating to the climatic water balance it used. By coupling another well‐known Palmer drought severity index (PDSI), we proposed a new standardized Palmer drought index (SPDI) through a moisture departure probabilistic approach, which allows multi‐scalar calculation for accurate temporal and spatial comparison of the hydro‐meteorological conditions of different locations. Using datasets of monthly precipitation, temperature and soil available water capacity, the moisture deficit/surplus was calculated at multiple temporal scales, and a couple of techniques were adopted to adjust corresponding time series to a generalized extreme value distribution out of several candidates. Results of the historical records (1900–2012) for diverse climates by multiple indices showed that the SPDI was highly consistent and correlated with the SPEI and self‐calibrated PDSI at most analysed time scales. Furthermore, a simple experiment of hypothetical temperature and/or precipitation change scenarios also verified the effectiveness of this newly derived SPDI in response to climate change impacts. Being more robust and preferable in spatial consistency and comparability as well as combining the simplicity of calculation with sufficient accounting of the physical nature of water supply and demand relating to droughts, the SPDI is promising to serve as a competent reference and an alternative for drought assessment and monitoring. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Higher tritium concentrations measured in permafrost thaw lakes in northern Alberta

Tritium concentrations were measured in a survey of 24 lakes, 15 wetlands, and 133 groundwaters in the oil sands region of northeastern Alberta and compared with both recent precipitation and precipitation sampled during the 1960s tritium peak caused by atmospheric thermonuclear weapons testing. Water samples from lakes included a group of 14 thaw lakes that had higher runoff attributed to melting of permafrost in peat plateaus within their watersheds. While tritium in all lakes was found to be intermediate between recent and 1960s concentrations, the thaw lakes were found to be significantly enriched in tritium compared with other lakes, as were unfrozen wetlands characterized by a thick sequence of low‐hydraulic conductivity peat. The results provide further evidence of different water sources to the thaw lakes and may indicate that melting of modern permafrost in part formed since the 1950s is occurring in these systems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.