珠江三角洲区域一体化研究综合信息系统的设计与应用

在分析地理信息系统技术发展与应用现状的基础上,设计了珠江三角洲区域一体化研究综合信息系统的结构框架。根据珠江三角洲的实际情况,并在经济地理学,城市地理学,区域科学等理论的指导下,开发了针对该区域一体化研究的模型分析系统。基于元数据库的数据集成与模型管理技术,能对不同数据源,不同数据类型与时空特性的多元数据处理与分析。本综合信息系统在区域产业布局,资源窨组合,城市体系空间结构演化等方面得到应用,将为     

中国省际工业生态效率空间分布及影响因素研究

将中国30省市（不含港、澳、台和西藏地区）作为研究对象,进行省际工业生态效率空间分布及影响因素研究。首先构建中国省际工业生态效率评价指标体系,其次利用DEA-BCC模型结合Malmquist指数对2006~2015年中国30省市在时空两个维度上的工业生态效率进行测算,再次运用Geoda软件分析中国工业生态效率的空间分布特征,最后通过空间误差模型对中国工业生态效率的影响因素进行检验。研究结果表明：① 中国工业生态效率虽呈现小幅度下降趋势,但整体效率水平较高;30省市之间存在明显差异性,呈现出东部>中部>西部的分布格局。② 中国工业生态效率Malmquist指数增长率水平较高;30省市Malmquist指数均为正向增长,呈现出稳定增长趋势;技术进步效率是Malmquist指数的主要推动力。③ 中国30省市工业生态效率呈现正向空间自相关性,且存在明显的集聚状态,近邻效应显著。④ 中国省际工业生态效率的主要影响因素有经济发展水平、产业结构、政府规制、技术进步、外商投资和产业集聚。     

太阳射电望远镜远程控制系统

本文简要介绍了云南天文台１０ 米口径的太阳射电望远镜天线的远程控制系统中局域网控制和通过电话线控制的实现方案     

无控制点条件下SPOT5卫星影像海上目标定位技术

对于海上目标的遥感影像定位,由于控制点获取的困难性严重影响了其发展与应用。研究了SPOT5卫星HRS立体像对的成像原理,通过一系列坐标系变换,构建了一种无需地面控制点的直接对地绝对定位模型。试验表明,在没有控制点的条件下利用SPOT5遥感影像进行定位,平面定位精度和高程定位精度均可以达到优于70m的水平,这对于海上目标定位具有很好的实用价值。     

The application and comparison of several flux profile relations in CoLM

This paper discusses the important role that flux profile relations play in momentum flux, sensible heat flux, and latent heat flux simulations in CoLM （Common Land Model） and compares the application of three flux profile relation schemes in CoLM by means of the Loess Plateau Land-Atmosphere Interaction Pilot Experiment （LOPEX） of 2005. It reveals that the results simulated by the model barely changed in the original flux profile schemes of the models a~er eliminating the very stable condition and the very unstable condition, and there were only tiny changes in numerical values. This indicates that the corrected terms added to fm（ξm）,fh（ξh） were very tiny and can be ignored under very stable and very unstable circumstances. According to a comparison of the three flux profile relations, the simulation results were basically coherent by using any CoLM： the correlation coefficient of the simulation value and the observed value was 0.89, and this bears on the coherence with the numerical procedures for the flux pro- file relations under unstable circumstances. The simulation results were improved considerably by utilizing the Lobocki flux pro- file schemes, which numerical procedures under unstable circumstances differed significantly fi＇om other three flux profile schemes; in this case the correlation coefficient of the value of simulation and the observed value became 0.95. In the next itera- tion of this study, it will be of great importance for the development of the land surface process model to continue experimenting with the application of some novel flux profile schemes in the land surface process models in typical regions.     

自然保护地社区居民感知冲突的空间响应及形成机制——以西昌邛海国家湿地公园为例

以西昌邛海国家湿地公园为例,采用半结构访谈与参与式制图相结合的方法对当地居民进行调查。通过质性+空间的混合分析方法探讨了居民感知冲突的类型、空间响应分布及其形成机制,旨在为自然保护地的冲突管理提供参考,实现人地关系协调发展。结果显示：① 社区居民感知有7种冲突类型,分别为生计保障不足、活动空间压缩、政策措施缺位、情感支持弱化、日常生活不便、环境质量降低和生产经营矛盾,前5种冲突总占比达76.4%,构成了当地的主要冲突;② 冲突的空间响应是居民对冲突关注度和不满意程度的共同反映,总体上呈现出高值区相对独立、低值区连片分布的空间格局,响应水平较高的区域,具有较高的冲突显示度和管理优先等级;③ 冲突的空间响应是多因素共同作用的复杂现象,其中旅游开发程度和生计策略的影响较大,交通出行管理、居住区类型、土地利用类型和房屋修建管理的影响也不容忽视,总体反映了邛海生态建设、旅游开发、政策与制度安排、社会经济等基本情况,分别为冲突响应提供了原始动力、外部推动力、结构性动力和社会性动力。     

黄土高原退耕农户生计资本对生计策略的影响——以甘肃会宁县为例

探索贫困地区退耕农户的生计资本与生计策略关系,对实现精准扶贫、乡村振兴战略具有重要意义。基于甘肃会宁县退耕农户调查数据,构建了具有区域特色的生计资本指标体系,采用熵值法测算生计资本,运用Logistic回归模型探讨了退耕农户生计策略选择问题。结果表明：（1）研究区退耕农户拥有的生计资本中人力资本指数最低,且各生计资本值存在差异;（2）金融资本中的现金收入可以显著增加退耕农户选择非农型生计策略的概率,而自然资本中的平地面积、物质资本中的耐用消费品价值和金融资本中的资金获得渠道会显著降低退耕农户选择非农型生计策略的概率;（3）对于不同退耕程度的农户,现金收入依旧可以显著增加选择非农型生计策略的概率,而抑制两类农户选择非农型生计策略的生计资本指标则存在差异。基于此,提出改善退耕农户的金融资本的多项措施,进而提高农户的非农生计意愿,更好地解决贫困问题。     

Thinning and shrinkage of Laohugou No. 12 glacier in the Western Qilian Mountains, China, from 1957 to 2007

Landsat images, real-time kinematic GPS measurements, and topographic maps were used to determine changes in ice elevation, volume, and areal extent of the Laohugou No. 12 glacier (Qilian Mountains, China) between 1957 and 2007. The glacier experienced significant thinning and areal shrinkage in the ablation zone, but slight thickening in part of the accumulation zone. Elevation decreased by 18.6±5.4 m between 1957 and 2007 in the regions covered by the GPS measurements. The total volume loss for the entire glacier was estimated to be 0.218 km3 using a third-order polynomial fit method. The area diminished by 0.28 km2 between 1957 and 1994, 0.26 km2 between 1994 and 2000, and 0.28 km2 between 2000 and 2007, suggesting that the rate of loss in glacial coverage has increased since the mid-1990s. Significant increases in annual mean air temperature may have contributed to shrinkage and thinning of the glacier.     

Purification and characterization of novel antioxidant peptides of different molecular weights from mackerel Pneumatophorus japonicus protein hydrolysate

Mackerel(Pneumatophorus japonicus) proteins were hydrolyzed by five proteases:trypsin,papain,neutrase,acid protease,and flavourzyme.The hydrolysate treated by neutrase exhibited the highest antioxidant activity.Response surface methodology(RSM) was employed to optimize the hydrolysis conditions in an effort to obtain a mackerel protein hydrolysate(MPH) with the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity.The MPH was fractioned using a series of ultrafiltration membranes and five fractions,namely,MPH-Ⅰ(10kDa),MPH-Ⅱ(10-2.5 kDa),MPH-Ⅲ(1-2.5 kDa),MPH-Ⅳ(0.4-1 kDa),and MPH-V(below 0.4 kDa),were obtained.DPPH radical scavenging activity,reducing power,hydroxyl radical scavenging activity,and the lipid peroxidation inhibition capability of these fractions were evaluated.The fractions in molecular weights 2.5 kDa(MPH-Ⅲ,MPH-Ⅳ,and MPH-Ⅴ),which occupied 93.4%of the total fractions,showed the strongest antioxidant activity;and the antioxidant activities of the three fractions are similar to each other.Using SP Sephadex C-25 and Sephadex G-25 columns,eight fractions were obtained from the MPH(2.5 kDa).The isolated peptide I(1 664 kDa) displayed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity.Therefore,MPH is a potential source of antioxidant peptides.     

空间视角下城乡物流网络的内涵、构成要素与研究框架

地理学视角的物流网络研究已成为物流科学领域的热点方向。从地理学的空间视角出发,在明确城乡物流网络理论来源和相关概念的基础上,对城乡物流网络的内涵、构成及研究框架进行梳理。基于研究,首先给出了城乡物流网络的定义,认为城乡物流网络的本质是旧的城市物流网络和乡村物流网络在空间上的延伸、衔接和提效。其次,从空间视角将城乡物流网络分解为节点、连线和域面3要素,指出网络各要素均出现了功能强化和更新,如节点的管理、衔接和经济社会功能强化;连线的联结功能和平衡功能出现,域面的协同组织、动态调整功能突出。最后,遵循地理学“格局-过程-机理-决策”的科学逻辑,提出“数据采集与融合、要素映射与解析、时空比较与分析、机理探究与优化”4个模块的城乡物流网络分析框架,为深刻揭示城乡物流网络结构及其演化机理提供基础。进一步指出未来应探讨城乡物流节点、连线、域面及网络的地区类型、区域适宜性及要素间相互作用机制,提炼适应不同区域、能有效提升要素流通效应的多尺度空间组织模式,加强对城乡要素流通系统的科学认知,科学支撑城乡地域融合发展实践。