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采用自然成熟度系列与其预热残渣系列样品相结合方式, 通过热解模拟方法, 对煤中有机质二次生烃迟滞性显现特征和化学反应动力学机制进行了探讨.结果表明: 二次生烃起始成熟度增高, 二次生烃峰位成熟度呈规律性后移, 二次生烃作用“死线”位于Ro=4.0 %左右; 二次生烃峰位成熟度与起始成熟度之差随起始成熟度的增高呈抛物线式演化, 二次生烃的绝对迟滞性和相对迟滞性均呈阶段性演化, 由此可对二次生烃迟滞深度进行预测; 二次生烃半峰宽随起始成熟度呈阶段性演化, 暗示二次生烃起始成熟度位于生油高峰附近的烃源岩, 其生烃量可能相对较大.同时, 原始样品平均活化能的演化经历了4个阶段, 它们与热解生烃量及二次生烃迟滞性的阶段性演化特征高度吻合, 揭示出二次生烃作用严格受控于反应动力学的地球化学机制. 相似文献
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Vertical distributions of aerosol optical properties during haze and floating dust weather in Shanghai
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A comparative study on the vertical distributions of aerosol optical properties during haze and floating dust weather in Shanghai was conducted based on the data obtained from a micro pulse lidar.There was a distinct difference in layer thickness and extinction coefficient under the two types of weather conditions.Aerosols were concentrated below 1 km and the aerosol extinction coefficients ranged from 0.25 to 1.50km-1 on haze days.In contrast,aerosols with smaller extinction coefficients(0.20 0.35 km-1) accumulated mainly from the surface to 2 km on floating dust days.The seasonal variations of extinction and aerosol optical depth(AOD) for both haze and floating dust cases were similar greatest in winter,smaller in spring,and smallest in autumn.More than 85%of the aerosols appeared in the atmosphere below 1 km during severe haze and floating dust weather.The diurnal variation of the extinction coefficient of haze exhibited a bimodal shape with two peaks in the morning or at noon,and at nightfall,respectively.The aerosol extinction coefficient gradually increased throughout the day during floating dust weather.Case studies showed that haze aerosols were generated from the surface and then lifted up,but floating dust aerosols were transported vertically from higher altitude to the surface.The AOD during floating dust weather was higher than that during haze.The boundary layer was more stable during haze than during floating dust weather. 相似文献
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Wenfeng Wang Yong Qin Shuxun Sang Yanming Zhu Chaoyong Wang Dominik J. Weiss 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2008,76(4):309-317
Twenty-six samples including roof, bottom and coal plies of a marine influenced coal bed were collected from the Antaibao mining district, Shanxi, China. The rare earth elements (REEs) were determined in solids and organic solvent extracts. The distribution pattern showed three distinct patterns: shale-like, LREE-rich and HREE-rich. This is attributed to the variable microenvironment of peat-forming swamp, the degree of marine influences and different REE sources. REEs in the coal are mainly controlled by detrital minerals but also affected by seawater. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the organic solvent extracts are distinctly different from those of corresponding original coal samples, which show a negative Eu anomaly, a depletion of middle REEs and an enrichment of HREEs. The LREEs in coal extracts are likely adsorbed by hydrogen-containing functional groups, and HREEs are likely bonded to carbon atoms. 相似文献
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Yanming Feng 《GPS Solutions》2001,5(2):1-11
Single-epoch point positioning with the global positioning system (GPS) is as accurate in low orbit as it is on the ground:
typically a three-dimensional rms accuracy of 20 to 30 m as the selective availability turns to zero. This is achieved at
any observation epoch without orbit dynamic information. With sophisticated models and filtering techniques onboard the spacecraft,
the orbit accuracy of a Low Earth Orbiter (LEO) can be improved to a few meters using the civilian broadcast GPS signals.
To achieve this accuracy autonomously in real time, an efficient onboard computing processor is required to carry out the
sophisticated orbit integration and filtering process.
In this paper, a new orbit integrator is presented that computes the nominal orbit states (the position and velocity) and
the state transition equations with numerical methods of integral equation, instead of differential equation usually used
for orbit computation. The algorithm is simple, and can be easily embedded in an onboard processor. The numerical results
demonstrate that the proposed method of the integral equation provides precise orbit predictions over several orbits. The
sequential filter based on the above integrator allows the use of simple orbit state equations to efficiently correct dynamical
model errors with precise GPS measurements or improve the orbits using GPS navigaion solutions from the 3D rms accuracy of
26 m to 3.7 m within a few hours of tracking. ? 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
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本研究利用亚洲海国际实验南海区所获取的海洋环境噪声数据,研究了2001年5月3日0时至5月17日0时海洋环境噪声的时频特性.实验期间有热带风暴西马仑经过,导致海面风速和风生海洋环境噪声随西马仑的逼近和远离出现了显著的升降.以1 250 Hz的海洋环境噪声为例,海洋环境噪声级在这一期间内有一个明显的升高、稳定和缓慢下降的过程.结合再分析风速数据研究海洋环境噪声级与风速的相关性,结果表明,在较高频1 250 Hz处,海洋环境噪声级与风速的互相关系数r为0.50;在较低频50~400 Hz处,两者的互相关系数r在-0.20~0.20之间.此外,本研究利用噪声级与对数风速之间的线性关系式,将海洋环境噪声级与实验过程中海面风速数据做回归分析,确定拟合系数,将此系数用于反演估计海面风速,反演误差在5%~20%之间. 相似文献
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一类非线性系统次优控制的灵敏度法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文研究一类非线性定常系统的次优控制问题。通过在系统中引入 1个灵敏度参数并将系统变量关于灵敏度参数展开 Maclaurin级数 ,使求解最优控制的非线性两点边值问题化为一族线性两点边值问题。利用截取最优控制级数的有限项求得系统的次优控制律。仿真实例表明 ,该方法对非线性系统次优控制律的设计是有效的 相似文献