深水内波、内潮汐沉积类型及其油气意义

深水内波、内潮汐沉积可归纳为水道型和非水道型两种基本沉积类型。水道型沉积常发育双向递变层序和单向递变层序,单砂层较厚,它不仅是油气的良好储层,而且常与深水重力流沉积和深水背景泥岩沉积一起构成有利的地层或岩性圈闭,应当列为深水沉积区油气勘探的重点目标。非水道型深水内波、内潮汐沉积一般发育由砂泥频繁薄互层所构成的对偶层双向递变层序和对偶层单向递变层序,单砂层很薄,油气勘探意义可能不大。广泛分布的大型沉积物波(分为粗、细粒两种)和水道口附近的内潮汐砂坝,是两种比较特殊的内波、内潮汐沉积建造。根据现有研究实例和沉积成因水流理论分布范围等,建立了深水内波、内潮汐综合沉积模式。     

台风期间南海北部岛礁及下坡海底对水下噪声的影响研究

The correlation of ambient noise with wind speed, and the depth dependence of ambient noise are both investigated, where the ocean noise data were recorded by a vertical line array in the northern South China Sea. It is shown that the correlation coefficients increase with increasing hydrophone depth during typhoon periods when the frequency ≥ 250 Hz, which opposes the generally accepted knowledge that the correlation coefficients of noise level and wind speed decrease with increasing depth during non-typhoon periods. Particularly at frequencies of 250 Hz, 315 Hz and 400 Hz, the correlation coefficients increase by more than 0.05 at depths ranging from 155 m to 875 m. At the three frequencies, the average noise levels also increase with increasing depth during typhoon periods. It is suggested that these differences are attributed to the wind-generated noise in shallow waters and the effect of "downslope enhancement" to sound propagation. During typhoon periods, the surf breaking and surf beat upon the shores and reefs are strengthened, and the source levels are increased. The wind-generated noise in shallow waters interacts with the downslope sea floor, with the noise-depth distribution changed by a "downslope enhancement" effect promoting noise propagation.     

亚洲夏季风对偶极子型人为气溶胶排放变化的响应特征与机理

利用第六次国际耦合模式比较计划（Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6, CMIP6）中的两组子试验,结合线性斜压模式模拟的结果,研究了近年来亚洲内部出现的东亚减少、南亚增加的偶极子型人为气溶胶排放变化调控亚洲夏季风响应的特征及物理机制。对东亚夏季风而言,在考虑海洋-大气耦合作用的气候系统总响应中,东亚夏季风环流和降水显著地加强;在不考虑海洋调控作用的大气直接响应过程中,东亚人为气溶胶排放减少导致的陆地升温使得海陆温差增大,进而通过引起东亚陆地上的气旋式环流异常加强东亚夏季风环流和降水。对南亚夏季风而言,其在偶极子型人为气溶胶强迫下呈现出更为复杂的变化特征。在大气直接响应过程中,人为气溶胶强迫引起的海陆热力差异变化导致南亚夏季风环流减弱、降水减少。在考虑海洋-大气耦合过程的总响应中,南亚夏季风环流表现出微弱增强,同时印度次大陆的南亚夏季风降水也出现增多的异常变化。这表明,局地和海洋-大气动力耦合过程在区域气候对人为气溶胶强迫的响应中扮演着非常重要的角色。此外,通过线性斜压模式发现,东亚和南亚局地的人为气溶胶强迫导致的大气加热场异常不仅能影响局地的夏季风环流,还可以通过引起大范围的表面气压异常进而调控整个亚洲夏季风环流的变化。     

关于立体集约生态用海的案例借鉴与制度探索

随着海洋经济的发展,海域资源的开发从单一立体开发逐渐向多层立体开发转变,且开发的力度和密度不断加大,海洋生态环境面临着巨大压力。为缓解当前用海紧张与生态环境保护之间的矛盾,提高海域利用综合效益,亟须探索符合生态化、集约化、立体化和现代化的用海模式。在此背景下,“立体集约生态用海”的概念应运而生。文章通过列举国内外立体集约生态用海的典型案例,总结归纳其用海特点,对其未来的应用进行讨论。立体集约生态用海的出现将带来海域管理制度体系一系列的调整与改革,对中国未来走出一条海洋空间高质量发展与高水平保护的协同道路具有重要意义。     

Carbon storage and vertical distribution in three shrubland communities in Gurbantünggüt Desert, Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang, Northwest China

This study was carried out in the Gurbantünggüt Desert,Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang,Northwest China in August,2009.To quantify the storage,contribution and vertical distribution patterns of plant biomass carbon (PBC)and soil organic carbon(SOC)in the study area,we investigated the carbon concentrations and its vertical distribution in three different desert shrubland communities dominated by Reaumuria soongorica,Haloxylon ammodendron+R.soongorica and Tamarix ramosissima+R.soongorica,respectively.We analyzed vertical distribution of root biomass carbon and soil carbon contents by excavating soil profiles for each dominated community.The results show that SOC is considerably the larger carbon pool in the soil layers of 1.0-3.0 m(the mean value of three shrubland communities is 38.46%)and 3.0-5.0 m(the mean value is 40.24%).In contrast,70.74%of belowground biomass carbon storage in 0-1.0 m layer,and its content decrease with increasing soil depth.The Haloxylon ammodendron+R. soongorica shrubland community has the highest belowground biomass carbon among three selected communities. This study highlights the importance of SOC stored in deep soil layers(lower than 3.0 m from the surface)in arid shrubland communities in the global carbon balance.In addition,it provides the data support for revealing deep soil solid carbon potential,and offers scientific basis for the further research in the carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystem.     

Peat geochemical monitoring for environmental changes

II~crIOWGlobalchangesisoneofthehotquestionscaredaboutbyacademiccircles.HoWtoidentifyandabstractinformationaboutenvironmentalchangeSisanurgenttechnicalkeyinthestudyofglobalchanges.Naturaltheiesusedbyhistoricgeochemicalmonitoringsuchasglacier,loess,limneticdepoSitionhavemanyadvantages,buttheyhavecertainlimitations.Inthequantitativestudiesofdifferentecologicalenvironmentchemicalstructuresofourcountry,wemeasuredalargenumberofplants'chemicalcompoSitionandfoundthatthecompoSingdifferencesOfplants…     

Application of the Levenberg-Marquardt Method in Improving Technology of the Seismic Influence Field

Attenuation relation of seismic intensity is fitted by using 152 complete isoseismic lines from 65 earthquakes which were greater than M_S4.0 from 1940 to 2015 in Inner Mongolia and neighboring regions. Meanwhile, based on the difference of land form and geological structure characteristics,the study area is the divided into eastern, western and central. The intensity attenuation relationships are established separately by using the LM (Levenberg-Marquardt) method and elliptic attenuation model. Comparisons are made by using the earthquake affecting field model of North China and computed results. The analytical study shows that the relation obtained represents the features of earthquake damage distribution in the areas well, and has positive meaning to guide loss assessments immediately after a destroyed earthquake.     

大兴安岭造山带及两侧邻区莫霍面深度与泊松比分布特征

利用2009～2016年内蒙古自治区数字地震台网宽频带固定地震台站的远震波形数据,采用接收函数H-k算法获得23个基岩台站下方的莫霍面深度和泊松比,同时,收集并筛选出277个已有探测台阵和流动台站的接收函数研究结果,综合分析给出大兴安岭造山带及两侧邻区莫霍面深度、泊松比的分布特征。研究表明,研究区域的莫霍面在整体上呈现自东向西逐渐加深的特征,莫霍面深度为25.0～42.3km,平均约为33.5km。莫霍面最浅的区域为松辽盆地(深度为27.0～35.0km),最深的区域为大兴安岭重力梯级带以西地区(深度为41.0～42.3km)。研究区域泊松比为0.19～0.33,平均值为0.26,大于全球大陆地壳的平均值。泊松比高值异常区集中在火山岩区及具有较厚沉积层的盆地。台站所处位置的海拔与莫霍面深度之间具有较强的正相关性,艾里补偿模式在研究区成立,莫霍面起伏与区域地形地貌特征间具有显著的镜像关系。大兴安岭地区的莫霍面深度与泊松比间存在显著的反相关关系,而在松辽盆地及周缘地区未发现明显的规律性,这也意味着松辽盆地在构造演化过程中经历了更为复杂的地壳改造过程。     

地震台站噪声水平定量评估及其在气枪源探测中的应用

对福建气枪源探测实验中所接入315个实时传输台站分1~10 Hz、0.1~1 Hz、10~60 s 3个频段进行台网噪声水平评估研究。统计240个小时的背景噪声记录,得到各台站的噪声水平MODE线,再利用本文提出的全球新高低噪声模型线与MODE线所占面积比来量化台网噪声水平,根据不同色标将台网噪声水平划分为十个等级进行评估,评选出优质台站。进一步研究背景噪声对气枪激发效果的影响,验证了台站接收能力与背景噪声密切相关,分析了不同台基（固定、加密、流动、海底）环境噪声水平的影响,得出环境噪声水平由低到高分别为固定台、加密台、流动台、海底台。通过台网噪声评估能有效提高气枪震源信号的检测能力,也为优质台站重点维护提供重要参考。     

鄂尔多斯块体东北缘地区震源机制和应力场特征研究

选取鄂尔多斯块体东北缘地区(38.5°—42.0°N,109.5°—116.0°E)2008年1月—2018年4月144个ML≥2.5地震事件,利用振幅比和P波初动联合求解震源机制解的方法(FOCMEC方法),得到鄂尔多斯块体东北缘地区(晋冀蒙交界区域)地震震源机制解.利用阻尼区域应力反演方法(MSATSI软件)将研究...