山区水库水面气温与太阳辐射的修正及应用

考虑到山区水库库面气象要素受周围地形影响, 结合前人的研究, 库区气温计算方法采用回归余项法并计入地形影响, 而对于库区水面上的太阳辐射计算, 则采用了平行山脊坡地上的简化算法。应用结果表明:由经度、纬度、海拔高度和大地形影响等4项建立的多元线性回归气温方程拟合效果显著; 并用同时期盐边气象站的资料进行检验, 检验精度在0.5℃以内。与平地相比, 在山区地形影响下的二滩库区水面太阳辐射有一定程度的改变量, 同时不同河岸坡度对水库水面接收的太阳辐射有较大影响。该方法有效揭示了山区月平均温度和太阳辐射的时空变化。修正后的气温和太阳辐射符合山区实际情况。     

县域生态足迹动态变化分析——以内蒙古和林格尔县为例

采用生态足迹的理论和分析方法对和林格尔县可持续发展进行了评价分析。结果表明：1997--2007年间,和林格尔县二、三产业发展水平偏低,导致人均生态赤字越来越大,和林格尔县发展需要所占用的生态服务已经超出了其本身可承载的能力;和林格尔县每万元GDP所消耗的生态足迹呈逐年下降趋势;从历年生态足迹构成来看,耕地和化石能源用地占整个生态足迹的比重很大,是影响和林格尔县生态足迹变化的最重要因素。     

2008年冰灾期间GFS对长沙预报能力检验

应用相关分析、绝对误差统计、定性分析等方法,选取天气在线网上的GFS预报产品在冰灾期间内长沙站附近格点的部分气象要素预报值进行检验,发现GFS预报最高最低气温、降水类型、晴雨、风等方面有较好的指导意义.     

台风麦莎渤海转向的可预报性研究

利用MM5模式研究了2005年第9号台风"麦莎"在渤海向东北转向路径的可预报性.试验用不同的积云参数化方案、不同的预报时效分别从确定性和集合预报角度对"麦莎"在渤海向东北方向的转向过程做了模拟.结果表明,"麦莎"在渤海的转向可预报时效为48小时左右.不同的积云参数化方案对台风麦莎路径的48小时预报结果显示台风均转向东北,预示"麦莎 "基本不会直接影响北京.60和72小时的预报结果显示,Kuo和Betts-Miller积云参数化方案的台风模拟路径与实况比较接近,而Grell和KeinFritch积云参数化方案的台风模拟路径却偏向了实际台风位置的西北,台风有可能直接影响北京.研究表明,对于台风麦莎而言,时效超过两天的转向预报可信度较低,Kuo和Betts-Miller积云参数化方案的预报准确性较高.     

High Spatial Resolution X-Ray Spectroscopy of Cas A with Chandra

We present high spatial resolution X-ray spectroscopy of the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A with the Chandra observations. The X-ray emitting region of this remnant was divided into 38 × 34 pixels of 10″× 10″ each. Spectra of 960 pixels were created and fitted with an absorbed two component non-equilibrium ionization model. From the results of the spectral analysis we obtained maps of absorbing column density, temperatures, ionization ages, and the abundances of Ne, Mg, Si, S, Ca and Fe. The Si, S and possibly Ca abundance maps show obvious jet structures, while Fe does not follow the jet but seems to be distributed perpendicular to it. The abundances of Si, S and Ca show tight correlations between one another over a range of about two dex. This suggests that they are ejecta from explosive Oburning and incomplete Si-buming. Meanwhile, the Ne abundance is well correlated with that of Mg, indicating them to be the ashes of explosive C/Ne burning. The Fe abundance is positively correlated with that of Si when the latter is lower than 3 times the solar value, and is negatively correlated when higher. We suggest that such a two phase correlation is due to the different ways in which Fe was synthesized.     

Ecological efficiency of coal cities in China: evaluation and influence factors

Natural Hazards - China’s energy consumption and environmental problems are becoming increasingly urgent issues as the nation’s economy continues its rapid development. A further...