Distributions and seasonal variations of dissolved carbohydrates in the Jiaozhou Bay,China

Surface seawater samples were collected in the Jiaozhou Bay, a typical semi-closed basin located at the western part of the Shandong Peninsula, China, during four cruises. Concentrations of monosaccharides (MCHO), polysaccharides (PCHO) and total dissolved carbohydrates (TCHO) were measured with the 2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine spectroscopic method. Concentrations of TCHO varied from 10.8 to 276.1 μM C for all samples and the ratios of TCHO to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) ranged from 1.1 to 67.9% with an average of 10.1%. This result indicated that dissolved carbohydrates were an important constituent of DOC in the surface seawater of the Jiaozhou Bay. In all samples, the concentrations of MCHO ranged from 2.9 to 65.9 μM C, comprising 46.1 ± 16.6% of TCHO on average, while PCHO ranged from 0.3 to 210.2 μM C, comprising 53.9 ± 16.6% of TCHO on average. As a major part of dissolved carbohydrates, the concentrations of PCHO were higher than those of MCHO. MCHO and PCHO accumulated in January and July, with minimum average concentration in April. The seasonal variation in the ratios of TCHO to DOC was related to water temperature, with high values in January and low values in July and October. The concentrations of dissolved carbohydrates displayed a decreasing trend from the coastal to the central areas. Negative correlations between concentrations of TCHO and salinity in July suggested that riverine input around the Jiaozhou Bay had an important effect on the concentrations of dissolved carbohydrates in surface seawater. The pattern of distributions of MCHO and PCHO reported in this study added to the global picture of dissolved carbohydrates distribution.     

Diurnal variation of nitric oxide emission flux from a mangrove wetland in Zhangjiang River Estuary,China

The diurnal variation of nitric oxide (NO) emission fluxes from a Kandelia obovata and Avicennia marina mangrove wetland were studied in the Zhangjiang River Estuary Mangrove National Nature Reserve using a dynamic chamber-based technique and a chemiluminescent analyzer. Results from field experiments show that NO emission from K. obovata and A. marina sampling sites reached maximal values of 1.07 ng N m⁻² s⁻¹ and 1.23 ng N m⁻² s⁻¹, respectively after the night tide. Meanwhile NO emission maintained at a steady lower level in daytime for both wetland sites. In laboratory experiments, NO emission from the mangrove wetland soil samples treated with simulated tides in the darkness exhibited higher values than those in the light, therefore it seems that tides and darkness could increase NO emission from mangrove wetlands, while intensive light, high temperature, and dryness in the daytime decreased NO emission. Compared with K. obovata soil samples, the diurnal average NO emission rate of the A. marina site was significantly higher, which was closely related to relatively higher diurnal average CO₂ emission rate, soil available nitrogen content and soil net nitrification rate of the A. marina site. Moreover, soil samples of the A. marina site were more responsive to simulated tides and the addition of nitrogen than those of the K. obovata site.     

珠江口深圳湾污损生物的生态研究

深圳湾位于珠江口东岸,属半封闭海湾,2006年12月至2007年11月,在湾内进行污损生物周年挂板试验,共记录污损生物24种,隶属于7个动物门。月板平均附着生物量表层2780.72g/m2,底层4110.10g/m2,最高峰出现在7月份;四季板平均湿重表层2521.13g/m2,底层4382.10g/m2,最高峰出现在秋季;半年板平均湿重表层4065.10g/m2,底层4298.30g/m2;年板平均湿重表层6212.20g/m2,底层20009.10g/m2。四季优势种显著不同,华美盘管虫、总合草苔虫和藤壶在春、冬季附着量较大,夏季没有附着。沙筛贝和总状真枝螅在夏、秋季的附着量较大,冬季没有附着。     

哈拉哈塘地区东河砂岩段-角砾岩段沉积模式探讨

塔北的哈拉哈塘地区是东河砂岩油气勘探的重点地区,该地区目前已发现并探明了东河塘和哈得4两个东河砂岩油气藏,油气储量丰富,显示出良好的勘探前景。基于哈拉哈塘地区东河砂岩段和角砾岩段的岩性段穿时沉积现象异常明显,根据层序地层学原理和方法对哈拉哈塘地区东河砂岩段一角砾岩段进行了重新分层和对比,在层序分层等时地层框架的基础上重新进行了东河砂岩段一角砾岩段沉积模式研究,弄清该地区地层分布规律、演化规律、砂体分布及储层分布规律对该地区的油气勘探具有重要指导意义。     

浅地层剖面仪在港池探测中的应用

介绍了3200XS型浅地层剖面仪工作原理及其数据处理过程,在港池开挖前进行浅地层剖面测量可以详细了解港池内各地层单元的分布和埋深,并对区内的灾害地质体或者障碍物进行有效识别,以保障施工安全和节约工程支出;结合海南某港池的浅剖探测实例,分析了该港池的地层单元划分及地层内物质识别,针对浅地层剖面测量前发射参数的选择和测量中的多次回波、调头区变形等问题等进行了探讨。     

利用相关逼近法建立定位与姿态数据的同步模型

根据海道测量精密测量的需求,对姿态与定位数据融合的同步方法进行了研究。通过GPS大地高数据和升沉数据,建立了一种基于相关逼近原理的定位与姿态数据同步模型。该模型能够确定定位与姿态数据的相对延时,实现两类数据在同一时间基准下的同步。实例计算表明,定位与姿态数据的相对延迟时间已成为两类数据融合应用中必须考虑的因素。由同步模型解算后,GPS大地高数据与总升沉数据体现了更好的一致性,由此也验证了模型的有效性。     

黄渤海大气气溶胶卫星观测与长期变化趋势分析

收集了中国黄渤海区域(112°~125°E,35°~45°N)2000—2009年10 a内MODIS气溶胶光学厚度AOD月均标准数据,按陆地和海洋(陆海)像元及海洋像元两类分别进行经验模态分解(EMD),结合南方涛动指数(SOI)和我国年度化石燃料消耗总量讨论黄渤海海区气溶胶时间变化特征及成因。研究表明该陆海区域大气气溶胶光学厚度6月份多为全年最高,海洋区域最高值出现在4—7月之间;秋冬季(10—次年2月)气溶胶光学厚度达到最低;EMD分解获得气溶胶具有4 a变化周期特性,与南方涛动指数的相关性均达到0.7,说明大气气溶胶同样受到全球气候变化的影响;与我国煤炭化石年消耗量相关系数达到0.98,该研究区气溶胶受陆源影响明显,人类活动对海洋环境的作用不容忽视。     

Pathologic survey on the Manila clam <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ruditapes philippinarum</Emphasis> (Adams and Reeve 1850) from Haeju off the western coastal Yellow Sea

Pathologic condition of Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum collected from Haeju off the west coast of North Korea in February and March 2007 was investigated in this study. The diagnostics included a protozoan parasite, Perkinsus olseni, the brown ring disease (BRD) caused by bacteria Vibrio tapetis and metazoan parasites Trematod and Cestod. P. olseni infection was examined using histology and Ray’s fluid thioglycollate medium (RFTM) assay along with Choi’s NaOH digestion technique. Trematode and cestode infection was also examined from the histology. A total of 140 clams with 35–45 mm in shell length (2–3 years old) were analyzed. Condition factor (CF), a ratio of the wet tissue weight to the shell dry weight, ranged from 0.445±0.074 (February) to 0.544±0.132 (March). Total body burden of P. olseni (i.e. infection intensity) ranged from 18,644±37,755 (February) to 26,933±80,611 cells/g wet tissue (March) with the prevalence of 76.7–43.3% (March) respectively. Prevalence of trematode and cestode infection in February and March varied 22.5–25.0 and 15.0–22.5% respectively. Infection intensity of V. tapetis ranged 1–2 and the prevalence was 1.4 (February) and 5.7% (March). Prevalence and infection intensity of P. olseni in clams from Haeju was comparatively lower than those of clams reported on the west coast of Korea. BRD and the other metazoan parasite infection were also relatively lower or similar to the condition of the clams reported previously. CF of Haeju clams was also relatively higher than the clams in Gyeonggi Bay and Taean, suggesting that Haeju clams had relatively better pathologic and health condition.     

2005～2015年中国高校科研人才的时空变化及影响因素分析

基于2005~2015年全国统计年鉴数据,采用统计地图法和空间自相关分析,分析中国高校科研人才的时空分布特征（不包括港澳台数据）,并采用面板负二项回归模型,识别高校科研人才空间分布的决定因素。研究结果表明:①中国的高校科研人才分布表现出较强的空间不均衡性,总体趋势为东南密集,西北稀疏,科研人才高度集中在北京、天津、上海;②高校科研人才分布具有一定的空间集聚特征,其热点地区为北京、天津、上海和江苏等沿海省市,冷点地区集中分布在广大的西部地区和黑龙江省。2005~2015年,高级职称人才的空间集聚程度有所减弱,而中初级职称科研人才的空间集聚程度有所加强;③人才政策、高等教育规模和层次、公共服务水平和信息化水平是所有高校科研人才空间分布的主要影响因素。从职称差异的角度来看,薪酬和失业率等经济因素仅对初级职称科研人才的分布有影响,医疗、文化公共服务水平和人才政策仅对中高级职称科研人才的分布有影响,高等教育的规模与层次对各种职称人才的分布均有影响;从地区差异的角度来看,西部地区高校科研人才受到经济因素影响更为明显,而中东部高校科研人才受到公共服务水平影响的更为明显。     

中国东北地区地缘关系演化过程及区域效应

梳理相关文献,深入分析探讨20世纪以来东北地区地缘关系的演化过程,刻画地缘关系变化对区域发展的影响。研究发现:20世纪10~40年代,东北地区地缘关系呈现“半畸形”开放的状态,整个地区长期处于军阀战乱与日本侵略阶段;这一时期,东北地区迎来移民高峰,农业经济、民族工业快速发展,但同时境内日本经济肆意扩张,大量资源与财富被掠夺。新中国成立以来,地缘关系由50、60年代的依赖型转向80年代以后的多元和平发展;受其及政策等其他因素影响,地区内工业由蓬勃发展到缓慢波动前行。如今,东北地区地缘政治关系仍十分复杂,但地缘经济合作前景开阔;未来应大力推动东北亚国家及次区域间安全与经济合作,同时提高东北地区内生发展动力及对外开放水平。