山东埕岛东部东营组三角洲砂体地震预测技术

山东埕岛地区东营组是胜利油田近年来的一个勘探热点地区,资源潜力巨大.其主要发育河流和三角洲沉积体系,但砂体地震反射特征复杂,横向变化快,储层识别描述难度较大.通过建立全区高分辨率层序地层格架,在等时层序格架的基础上,开展储层描述.湖相沉积与三角洲相沉积在沉积物特征和地震响应上都具有较大差异,通过对已钻井的岩心、测井和录井等资料的分析,结合地震属性和地震相等宏观描述方法,在湖相沉积的背景之下刻画出三角洲的整体展布形态.在此基础上,针对三角洲主体区地震反射较弱、砂泥岩速度差异较小的特点,利用地震波形识别技术,采用6种参数对波形进行描述,得出12种波形分类,分别对应4种主要沉积微相.最终利用神经网络方法在平面上进行沉积微相的识别和刻画,取得了较好的效果.     

致密砂岩层内强钙质胶结物成因机制及其意义——以鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7油层组为例

通过岩心和薄片观察,利用荧光显微镜、阴极发光显微镜、同位素质谱仪、冷热台等设备,对鄂尔多斯盆地长7油层组强钙质胶结砂岩及其附近含油砂岩开展研究。结果表明：钙质胶结是致密砂岩储层含油非均质性的主要因素,胶结期次主要为一期;簇同位素揭示该期钙质胶结物的形成温度为18~42℃,对应地质时代为中晚三叠世—中侏罗世,为早成岩期产物,推测与盆地早期小规模构造运动相关;相邻的含油砂岩中油气包裹体伴生的同期盐水包裹体的均一化温度为90~120℃,结合盆地模拟揭示油气主要为一期充注,充注期为100~130 Ma,处于早白垩世;长7油层组不含油致密砂岩内钙质胶结物形成时间早于含油砂岩内石油的充注时间。     

地心和月心引力常数及月球形心与质心的确定

指出了地心引力常数GMe、月心引力常数GMl及月球形状中心和月球质量中心的意义和重要性;介绍了用空间探测器观测数据测定GMe与GMl及月球形状中心和月球质量中心的原理和方法;综合给出了利用空间探测器测定的数值。     

基于电子地图和Dijkstra算法路径规划的实现

随着城市化水平的提高,人们在道路选择问题上可能需要考虑的并非仅仅是"空间距离"的最短,还有"时间最短",本文应用Dijkstra算法解决城市中出行交通道路选择的问题,对距离最短和时间最短路径分别进行讨论,用VB语言实现算法,并且在电子地图上绘制出所求出的路径,以便人们更直接地观看到结果,基本上解决了道路选择问题。     

综合气象观测系统业务运行综合评估技术研究

综合气象观测网运行监控系统是我国气象探测设备运行保障的实时业务系统.文章以装备技术保障工程理论为基础,按可靠性、维修性、保障性、业务性、经济性等多个范畴,从装备运行状态、装备性能参数、探测数据质量、通信传输、供应保障、维护维修等方面,提出了针对我国综合气象观测网中各类设备的运行、维护和保障等工作进行综合评估的技术方法,...     

青藏高原净生态系统碳交换量的遥感评估模型研究

青藏高原作为世界海拔最高的区域,是全球气候变化的敏感区之一。定量估算这一区域的净生态系统碳交换量（NEE）有利于理解陆地生态系统碳平衡对未来气候变化的响应。本文构建了一个模拟该地区NEE动态变化的净碳收支模型（NCBM）。该模型由来源于MODIS影像的增强型植被指数（EVI）、陆地表面水分指数（LSWI）以及来源于地面观测的空气温度和短波辐射共同驱动,并利用青藏高原地区的3种植被类型（包括高寒灌丛、高寒湿地和高寒草甸）的碳通量长期观测数据对模型进行了校准和验证。结果表明,在模型校准站点年,NCBM模型可以模拟NEE观测值81%的变化,均方根误差（RMSE）为0.03molC/m2/d,模型效率（EF）为0.81。在模型验证站点年,NCBM模型可以预测NEE观测值84%的变化,RMSE为0.03molC/m2/d,EF为0.81。在大多数情况下,NCBM模型可以清晰地模拟各植被类型的NEE季节和年际变化。此外,NCBM模型因为结构简单,模型驱动变量易于获取等优势,具有在区域尺度上模拟NEE时空变化的潜力。但是该模型还需要进一步的改进和发展,特别需要提高对植被非常稀疏地区NEE变化的模拟能力。     

Wetlands of Northeast Asia and High Asia: an overview

This review reports background information on wetlands in the Northeast Asia and High Asia areas, including wetland coverage and type, significance for local populations, and threats to their vitality and protection, with particular focus on the relationship of how global change influenced wetlands. Natural wetlands in these areas have been greatly depleted and degraded, largely due to global climate change, drainage and conversion to agriculture and silviculture, hydrologic alterations, exotics invasions, and misguided management policies. Global warming has caused wetland and ice-sheet loss in High Asia and permafrost thawing in tundra wetlands in Northeast Asia, and hence induced enormous reductions in water-storage sources in High Asia and carbon loss in Northeast Asia. This, in the long term, will exacerbate chronic water shortage and positively feed back global warming. Recently, better understanding of the vital role of healthy wetland ecosystems to Asia’s sustainable economic development has led to major efforts in wetland conservation and restoration. Nonetheless, collaborative efforts to restore and protect the wetlands must involve not only the countries of Northeast and High Asia but also international agencies. Research has been productive but the results should be more effectively integrated with policy-making and wetland restoration practices under future climatic scenarios.     

2013年河北中南部PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)浓度时间变化特征及其影响气象条件分析

对2013年河北省中南部的石家庄、保定、沧州、衡水、邢台和邯郸6个地市市区各站点逐小时PM10和PM2.5监测资料及相应气象资料分析结果表明:6个地市中邢台年污染日数最多,对应其年平均风速最小;沧州的最少,年平均风速最大。各地市各个级别污染日数不同,五、六级重污染天气均集中在10月—次年3月。首要污染物主要是PM10和PM2.5,但比例不尽相同。特殊的地理位置、污染源差异和气象条件的差异造成各地市污染日数、级别的差异。6个地市污染天气过程时段大都相同,区域性污染明显。各地市PM10和PM2.5浓度平均最大值均出现在冬季,PM10浓度平均最小值均出现在夏季,各市PM2.5浓度平均最小值出现的季节不同。6个地市PM10和PM2.5浓度值的月变化趋势相似。不同季节各地市PM10和PM2.5浓度日变化趋势不同,极值出现的时间也各不相同,极值出现的时间与气象条件和人类活动关系密切。秋、冬季各地市PM10和PM2.5浓度日较差多大于春、夏季的。各地市PM10和PM2.5浓度日均值与当地的日均气温、风速、能见度呈负相关关系,与相对湿度呈正相关关系且相关性比较显著。     

Macrozoobenthic community of Fuxian Lake, the deepest lake of southwest China

Located in the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau in southwest China, Fuxian Lake covers an area of 211 km², with maximum depth of 155 m. It is known to have a unique fauna, including 14 described endemic species. In order to describe the zoobenthic community of the lake more completely, the present study was conducted from August 2002 to August 2003. Altogether 62 benthic taxa, including 22 oligochaetes, 21 molluscs and 18 insects were identified, of which the dominant taxa belonged to Potamothrix, Procladius and Paraprososthenia. The standing stocks of benthos were much higher in the littoral (824 ind/m² in density, 3.72 g/m² in biomass) than in the profundal region (23 ind/m² in density, 0.10 g/m² in biomass). Species richness was greatest in summer and standing stocks were larger in spring and summer than in other seasons. Analyses of functional feeding groups indicated that collector-gatherers and scrapers were predominant in entire lake. Stepwise multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the water depth is the most important factor affecting the distribution of macrozoobenthos.