利用摄影基线改进SIFT算法

影像匹配是利用航空影像获取同名点和DEM的关键技术之一,而大倾斜影像的匹配问题也是目前匹配技术发展的难点。针对这一问题,本文研究了SIFT和ASIFT算法,并基于航空影像之间的摄影基线对ASIFT算法进行了改进,在成像模型中加入倾斜角度和平移变量,在一定程度上解决了大倾斜航空影像的自动匹配问题,并给出了试验结果。     

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郑徐高铁开封段地面沉降分层监测方法

高铁沿线施工期间引起地面沉降的因素错综复杂、相互影响,本文提出通过对沉降区域地下水位、孔隙水压力等进行分层观测,根据分层观测得到地下水位变化、孔隙水压力变化等数据,并采用回归分析法构建了沉降区域地面沉降与诸影响因子的关联模型,通过对郑徐客运专线开封段进行的地面沉降监测量与同时采用二等精密水准测量得到的监测点沉降量进行对比分析,结果表明本方法的有效性和可靠性。     

太湖水量平衡影响因素分析及误差控制措施研究

本文在搜集2001~2008年太湖水量平衡中各个计算要素的基础上,分析计算太湖水量平衡的绝对误差及相对误差。究其原因,误差产生的影响因素主要有测验手段、风浪、巡测线内的产流、农业用水等。根据对影响因素分析,本文有针对性地提出了误差控制措施,重点是要加强测验手段及频次,从而减小水量平衡误差,为太湖水量分配方案提供更加精准的数据基础和依据。     

青藏高原东北部新近纪古流向与物源分布对隆升的响应

通过对青藏高原东北部11个新近纪沉积盆地的沉积相演化、古流向和物源演变的详细对比研究,揭示了研究区新近纪4次沉积演变与构造隆升的响应.①中新世早期(23～19.5Ma):阿牙克库木湖、柴达木、德令哈和酒泉盆地的古流向和物源分析表明东昆仑和阿尔金已经抬升成剥蚀区.循化、贵德和临夏等盆地物源和古流向指示西秦岭和拉脊山也已成为隆起区.区域上整体地势差异不显著.②中新世早中期(17.5～15Ma):区域湖盆面积扩大,阿牙克库木湖、索尔库里、柴达木和酒泉盆地的资料反映东昆仑、阿尔金和祁连山已经全面隆升,贵德循化、临夏盆地的古流向反映为盆地周缘型,指示西秦岭和拉脊山明显抬升,区域差异隆升造成盆地凹陷扩张进入湖泛期.③中新世中晚期(10～7Ma):阿牙克库木湖、索尔库里、柴达木和酒泉盆地沉积物的粒径和沉积速率增大,与热年代学证据一致,揭示出阿尔金山和祁连山进一步快速隆升.贵德、循化和临夏盆地古流向和物源反映为显著的多源性,除西秦岭和拉脊山外,位于循化和临夏两盆地间的积石山也开始隆起.④上新世(5.3Ma以来):索尔库里、柴达木和酒泉盆地古流向没有明显变化,沉积速率和粒径继续增大,阿尔金和祁连山加速隆升为高海拔地貌.贵德盆地主物源区是拉脊山.区域上,地势差异加强,湖盆被肢解后逐步萎缩消亡.     

地铁车站与横跨桥梁耦联破坏数值模拟

以典型的两层三跨形式地铁车站为研究对象,采用非线性动力时程反应分析方法,对软土场地的地铁车站与上部交叉桥梁模型进行数值模拟分析,给出了一种潜在的地铁车站-桥梁耦联破坏模式,分析了地铁车站与上部桥梁的地震动力相互作用.数值模拟结果表明:桥梁对车站的地震响应影响较小,车站发生破坏主要取决于地震作用及其本身的强度;地铁车站发...     

A New Parameterization of Canopy Radiative Transfer for Land Surface Radiation Models

A new parameterization of canopy asymmetry factor on phase function,which is dependent on the leaf normal distribution and leaf reflection/transmission,is derived. This new parameterization is much more accurate than the existing scheme. In addition,the new solutions for both the diffuse and direct radiation can be obtained using the Eddington approximation. It is found that the direct radiation can be described as a function of the diffuse radiation. This new approach offers a substantial improvement in accuracy,as compared with the hemispheric constant method,for both isotropic and anisotropic cases. Given the analytical nature of the solution and its high accuracy,we recommend the new parameterization for application in land surface radiation modeling.     

Origin of biotite-apatite-rich enclaves, Achala batholith, Argentina

The Achala batholith of Argentina contains very unusual layered enclaves containing up to 30% apatite and 50% biotite in some layers. This modal mineralogy produces bulk-rock compositions that cannot represent liquids, having as little as 29% SiO₂ and up to 8% P₂O₅. Nor can the enclaves represent metasedimentary xenoliths because: (1) none of the Precambrian wall rocks has these compositions; (2) none of the metasedimentary xenoliths present within the batholith shows any degree of transition to the mica-apatite-rich enclaves; (3) the compositions and textures in the enclaves are inconsistent with metasediments; (4) a geochronological study of zircon from an enclave gives an age of 368 ± 2 Ma, the exact age of zircons in the granitic host rocks. For these reasons, we conclude that the enclaves are neither xenoliths of Precambrian wall rocks nor restite of a Precambrian source. The identical age of the enclave and the host granites, coupled with textural, mineralogical, and bulk-rock characteristics of the enclaves, indicates that the enclaves are magmatic segregations, i.e., cumulates. The F-rich nature of the stubby-shaped apatites and biotites indicates a high F content of the magma parental to the enclaves. We infer that the viscosity of the melt was lowered sufficiently to allow cumulates to form in spite of the granitic composition of the melt. Received: 12 December 1996 / Accepted: 11 August 1997     

官厅水库国家湿地公园维管植物多样性

2018年3月至2019年3月期间,在官厅水库国家湿地公园内,进行了野外植物调查,研究了维管植物的物种多样性、重要值和植物区系。研究结果显示,在官厅水库国家湿地公园内,共有维管植物318种,隶属61科191属;植物区系以温带成分为主;其中,绶草(Spiranthes sinensis)和野大豆(Glycine soja)为《中国国家重点保护野生植物名录》中的国家二级保护植物,黄芩(Scutellaria baicalensis)、宽叶香蒲(Typha latifolia)、黑三棱(Sparganium stoloniferum)和眼子菜(Potamogeton distinctus)为《河北省重点保护野生植物名录》中的河北省重点保护植物。在官厅水库国家湿地公园内的5处调查样地中,官厅水库西北岸浅水河漫滩-沼泽中植物群落的优势度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数都相对最高。