中线调水前汉江中下游水量和水质本底特性及变化趋势分析

为研究南水北调中线工程调水前,汉江中下游的水量和水质本底特性及变化趋势,选择汉江中下游6个水文站及4个水质观测断面,采用数理统计、Mann-Kendall检验和Spearman秩次检验法,分别从水量和水质两个方面进行了分析。研究结果表明:(1)对比分析历史长序列流量资料,1999~2013年间汉江中下游地区处于偏枯期;(2)汉江中下游水量的年际变化较大,极值比介于2.7~3.3之间。水量年内各月分配变化也较大,汛期径流量占全年的63%~66%,非汛期仅占全年的34%~37%;(3)汉江中下游地区各水文测站的年均流量序列,总体上随时间变化的趋势均不显著,但经历了1980~1990的偏丰期及1990~2013的偏枯期;(4)汉江中下游地区的水质达标情况较好,大部分年份的水质均优于III类水质标准,且水质无显著的变化趋势。     

雷山—锦屏一带清水江组软沉积构造的变形特征——远古的地震记录

通过面上地质调查,在黔东南雷山—锦屏一带的新元古代清水江组含火山碎屑之砂泥质岩层中,发现了大量软沉积物变形构造,主要有滑塌、滑移及阶梯状微断层。根据前人对形成该软沉积物变形的模拟试验成果,推断该类软沉积变形的机制与震动液化有关,其动力来源于古地震。在清水江组地层分布区,沉积物中含大量凝灰质,显示出古地震与古火山作用相伴频发之特点,这是新元古代裂谷盆地在此阶段构造演化的响应。     

西准噶尔萨吾尔地区主要矿床类型及成矿规律

本文基于萨吾尔地区目前发育的主要矿床(点)吐尔库班套铜镍矿点、阔尔真阔腊金铜矿床、布尔克斯岱金矿床、罕哲尕能铜矿床、塔斯特金矿床、黑山头金矿点、那林卡拉铜钼矿点等的研究,分析了区域矿化类型及成矿规律。认为萨吾尔地区矿床成因类型可分为三类,岩浆Cu-Ni硫化物矿床、斑岩型-浅成低温热液型Au-Cu-Mo矿床、与中酸性侵入岩有关的构造蚀变岩型Au矿床。矿化以Au、Cu矿化为主,Cu-Ni、Mo矿化次之。成矿时代分布在中泥盆世、早石炭世、晚石炭世,集中于早石炭世(354~336Ma)。空间上,岩浆Cu-Ni硫化物矿床分布于萨吾尔北部科克森套地区,斑岩型-浅成低温热液型Au-Cu-Mo矿床、与中酸性侵入岩有关的构造蚀变岩型Au矿床主要分布于萨吾尔山南部。成矿构造背景分别对应于区域中泥盆世岛弧环境、早石炭世岛弧环境、晚石炭世碰撞造山后环境。区域成矿规律显示了进一步的找矿潜力:萨吾尔北部科克森套地区发育的镁铁-超镁铁岩体的岩浆Cu-Ni硫化物矿床的找矿潜力;阔尔真阔腊-布尔克斯岱地区斑岩型-浅成低温热液型金铜矿床的找矿潜力;区域晚石炭世-早二叠世斑岩型Cu-Mo矿床的找矿潜力;萨吾尔断裂及其次级断裂控制范围内的Au-Cu找矿潜力。     

大地电磁测深反演技术有效性对比试验

设计了一个简单的三维模型:三维低阻异常体和高阻异常体位于一维层状介质模型中,以"十"字型和"米"字型观测剖面方式作为模拟方式,开展模型一维、二维、三维反演技术有效性对比试验,其中一维反演计算采用自适应正则化(ARIA)反演,二维反演计算采用非线性共轭梯度(NLCG)反演,三维反演计算采用REBOCC三维反演,将剖面下方不同的反演结果与原始模型进行对比分析,发现:在该模型条件下,一维和二维反演都能得到反映模型真实信息的结果,REBOCC三维反演更偏向重建原始模型的宏观电性特征;在一维反演结果中,对于深部的电性结构特征,通常TE极化模式的反演结果好于TM极化模式,TE/TM几何平均值反演结果介于前两者之间;在二维反演结果中,通常TM极化模式的反演结果好于TE极化模式,TE/TM联合模式反演结果与TM极化模型相当,甚至更好;模型REBOCC三维反演相比一维、二维反演更易受反演结果多解性影响,REBOCC三维反演结果偏向重建原始模型的宏观电性特征。     

南缘霍玛吐构造带三维地质建模应用效果

霍玛吐构造带地表、地下地质结构复杂,受二维测网限制,合理地构造建模和准确的速度建场较难,是制约该区圈闭落实和油气发现的主要因素。采用深浅层分层控制法消除层面间的相互干扰、复杂断块分组控制法解决逆断裂上下盘层位关系搭建的难点、层位网格约束法快速准确修改模型局部异常,逐级分解建模,有效解决了复杂构造三维建模难点,最终建成符合实际的三维地质模型。应用井控模型约束三维转深技术实现了多信息约束下的层速度建模与转深。三维空间建模提高了构造解释三维空间合理性,同时为三维空间速度分析与建场提供基础,降低了构造成图误差,提高圈闭落实精度。     

CG-5重力仪的漂移与寿命

漂移及其线性度是重力仪最重要的性能指标,在很大程度上决定了其精度和寿命。对14台CG-5重力仪漂移数据的分析表明,多数仪器使用2年后的平均漂移率约在(0.7~1.7)×10-5m/s2/d之间。以此为基础,结合厂家提供的相关数据,对CG-5重力仪的使用寿命进行了推测。得到北纬40°地区,仪器平均寿命约10年的结论。     

Geochemistry, Geochronology, Sr-Nd Isotopic Compositions of Jiang Tso Ophiolite in the Middle Segment of the Bangong- Nujiang Suture Zone and Their Geological Significance

The Jiang Tso ophiolite,situated in the middle segment of the Bangong- Nujiang Suture Zone,is a part of the easternmost Qieli Lake ophiolite subzone and is close to the south of Pung Lake ophiolite. The rock association of Jiang Tso ophiolite is relatively complete and is mainly composed of metamorphic peridotite,gabbro and diabase. Comparing with N-MORB,the ophiolite is high in Mg and low in Ti,K,Na,P,and is depleted in Nb,Ta,Hf,Th and enriched in Rb,Sr and Ba. Geochemical characteristics of the Jiang Tso ophiolite indicate it is of a supra-subduction zone type formed in the spreading ridge of back arc basin. The SHRIMP U-Pb dating of zircons from the gabbro yielded a weighted average age of 188.1±4.1 Ma(MSWD=1.4),indicating the Jiang Tso ophiolite was formed in the late stage of early Jurassic. The Sr,Nd isotopic compositions show that the Tethyan mantle domain is the depleted mantle(DM),with enriched mantle domain II(EM II). They have the same Sr,Nd isotopic composition with the India Ocean MORB type.     

Characterization of Microscopic Pore Structures in Shale Gas Reservoirs of the Southeast Chongqing

<正>Unlike traditional resources,mud shale has the characteristics of low porosity,low permeability,small pore structure,nanoscale pore as the main body.The microscopic pore structures of mud shale can not only influence the occurrence state of shale gas and gas content,but also influence the hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency of source rocks,which makes the study of shale gas reservoir     

Recent Activity of the Badu-Longwei Segment, Guguan-Xiangong Fault in Southern Liupanshan, Constrained by Rhythmic Sediment Lithology and Geomorphic Characteristics

This study's objective was to investigate the Guguan-Xiangong Fault, which lies in the southern Liupanshan area, through satellite image interpretation and field observations. Guguan-Xiangong Fault is divided into five subsegments; among these, the Badu-Longwei segment has been the most recently active. The geomorphic features of the Badu-Longwei segment are clearly displayed, including multiple high fault scarps with fresh bedrock free faces. There is significant evidence for Holocene activity of the three fault sections, located in Renhuashu, Tianjiagou, and Xinjiecun respectively. The three sections feature distinct episodic deposition and fault scratches. Based on 14 Cdating and field observations on the three fault sections, two or more paleoearthquakes across the Badu-Longwei fault segment are ascertained, between 5874±116 and 5430±140 a BP, and after 2037±83 a BP respectively. The Badu-Longwei segment of the Guguan-Xiangong Fault is preliminarily extrapolated as the seismogenic structure of the 600 A.D. Qin-Long earthquake.