土工膜-土工布界面动力剪切特性试验研究

糙面土工膜（GMX）和无纺土工布（GT）是垃圾填埋场中周边衬垫系统的重要组成部分,其界面特性对于整体填埋场的稳定性尤为重要。但是,目前对GMX-GT界面的动力剪切特性研究较少。为此,利用大型直剪仪,开展了一系列全饱和条件及干燥条件下GMX-GT界面的循环剪切试验,主要研究了竖向应力、位移幅值和循环次数等对GMX-GT界面动力剪切特性的影响,并对比分析了全饱和及干燥两种条件下GMX-GT界面动力剪切特性的差异。研究结果表明,随着位移幅值的增加,GMX-GT界面呈现出由剪切硬化向剪切软化转变的特性。循环剪切作用使得界面的内摩擦角随着位移幅值的增加而增大。GMX-GT界面主要表现为剪缩特性,且总剪缩量随竖向应力、位移幅值和循环次数的增加而增加。剪切刚度随竖向应力和循环次数的增大而增大,随位移幅值的增大而减小。阻尼比随位移幅值的增大而增大,随循环次数的增加而减小,说明位移幅值会增加GMX-GT界面的能量的耗散。GMX-GT界面在干燥条件下的破坏模式与饱和条件下的存在明显差异,干燥条件下GT内部的破坏更加显著,全饱和条件下GMX表面的破坏更加明显。     

琼东南盆地深水区源—储共控的天然气成藏模式

琼东南盆地深水区天然气成藏过程复杂。通过开展区域构造—沉积演化、烃源岩—储层识别评价及油气运聚等多方法的综合性研究,明确了中央拗陷天然气来源、优势成藏组合及区带。研究表明,崖城组三角洲的发育规模及古地貌控制了煤系和陆源海相烃源岩的分布,形成了生气为主、油气兼生的渐新统陆源海相烃源岩;受早渐新世三角州分布、中中新世以来沉积充填速率及水深变化的控制,预测中央坳陷南斜坡及松南低凸起区优质烃源岩规模更大,且储层在相同的海拔深度条件下,相比北部陡坡带势能较低,油气输导能力更佳。深水区崖城组优质海相烃源岩、大型三角州砂岩输导体及低流体势区的耦合分布控制了天然气初次运移的优势方向,中央坳陷南部斜坡及低凸起是下一步大中型气田的突破方向。     

The Shishugou Fauna of the Middle–Late Jurassic Transition Period in the Junggar Basin of Western China

The Middle–Late Jurassic transition period is a critical period for the evolution of terrestrial vertebrates, but the global fossil record from this time is relatively poor. The Shishugou Fauna of this period has recently produced significant fossil remains of dinosaurs and other vertebrate groups, some representing the earliest known members of several dinosaurian groups and other vertebrate groups and some representing the best-known specimens of their group. These discoveries are significant for our understanding of the origin and evolution of several vertebrate lineages. Radiometric dating indicates that the fauna is aged approximately 159–164 Ma. Comparisons with other similarly-aged terrestrial faunas such as Shaximiao and Yanliao show both taxonomic similarities and differences between these faunas and indicate that the Junggar deposits might have preserved the most complete vertebrate fossil record for a Middle–Late Jurassic Laurasian terrestrial fauna.     

桂北龙胜上朗变镁铁质岩锆石UPb年龄及其地质意义

本文采用LAICPMS锆石UPb测年对桂北龙胜地区上朗变镁铁质岩进行年代学研究。2件年代学样品给出近乎一致的年龄信息,集中在(114.8±1.6)、(152.0±5.0)、(213.9±3.5)、(274.6±9.4)、(442.5±6.7)、(553.5±9.2)、(774.2±5.9)和(822.0±10.0) Ma等8个年龄峰值。锆石成因类型研究表明,(774.2±5.9) Ma锆石为样品中最年轻的岩浆锆石,代表上朗变镁铁质岩的侵位时代。UPb年龄大于(822.0±10.0) Ma的锆石为捕获锆石,代表岩浆侵位过程中捕获物质的时代。(114.8±1.6)、(152.0±5.0)、(213.9±3.5)、(274.6±9.4)、(442.5±6.7)和(553.5±9.2) Ma为热液锆石年龄,代表变镁铁质岩成岩后遭受后期构造热事件影响的时限。其中,(442.5±6.7) Ma代表寿城—三门断裂韧性变形的时代,与区域NNE向韧性断裂的变形时代一致。而小于(442.5±6.7) Ma的热液锆石年龄,表明岩石韧性变形后遭受多期构造热事件的影响。泛非期(553.5±9.2) Ma热液锆石的存在,表明华南大陆曾受泛非构造热事件的影响,应具有冈瓦纳大陆的亲缘性。     

Preliminary investigation and dynamic analysis of a multiphase ice-rock avalanche on July 5, 2021, in the upper Naltar valley,Gilgit, Pakistan

Landslides - On July 5, 2021, a catastrophic rock avalanche hit an area in the upper Naltar valley, located in northwestern Gilgit, Pakistan. The 14 Mm3 rock mass flowed down the hillslope and...     

The July 10, 2020, red-bed landslide triggered by continuous rainfall in Qianxi,Guizhou, China

Landslides - On July 10, 2020, a catastrophic landslide with a slope angle of only 8° occurred in the red-bed series strata in Qianxi, Guizhou, southwestern China, due to prolonged rainfall,...     

Dynamic process analysis of the Xinmo landslide via seismic signal and numerical simulation

Landslides - On 24 June 2017, a rockslide-debris avalanche occurred in Xinmo Village, Maoxian County, Sichuan Province, China. The displaced materials traveled approximately 2.6 km and...     

柴达木盆地西部扎哈泉地区新近系上干柴沟组滩坝砂体沉积演化及其控制因素*

滩坝砂体是岩性油气藏勘探的重要储集体,已经成为中国陆相湖盆增储上产的重要现实领域。为了深入评价柴达木盆地西部扎哈泉地区新近系中新统上干柴沟组滨浅湖滩坝砂体的油气勘探前景以及预测有利勘探区带和勘探目标,文中在岩心观察和钻(测)井资料综合分析的基础上,结合岩石薄片、累计粒度概率曲线、暗色泥岩泥地比和砂地比敏感参数分析结果,对该地区上干柴沟组滨浅湖滩坝砂体发育演化特征和古地貌演化特征进行了详细研究。结果表明: (1)扎哈泉地区上干柴沟组沉积时期发育辫状三角洲—滨浅湖沉积体系,滩坝砂体发育,岩性主要为岩屑长石细砂岩—极细砂岩,成分成熟度中等—较差、分选磨圆度中等—好,粒度概率曲线以反映波浪作用的两段跳跃式加悬浮式为主;沉积构造类型多样,主要发育浪成沙纹交错层理、波状层理、丘状交错层理和透镜状层理。(2)上干柴沟组沉积时期,研究区滩坝砂体发育规模先增大后减小;早期到中期,滩坝砂体发育规模不断增大,其中近岸坝主要表现为向南和向东2个方向扩张,呈北偏西方向展布,远岸坝主要表现为南北方向扩张,呈近北西—南东方向展布;中期到晚期,滩坝砂体的发育规模不断减小,其中近岸坝主要表现为向南北2个方向收缩并向东扩展,展布方向变为东偏南转东北方向,远岸坝主要表现为南北方向收缩。(3)上干柴沟组沉积时期,研究区古地貌呈西高东低、南北低中间高的特征;从早期到中期,研究区中部古地貌高点不断向东和东南方向大幅度扩展,范围不断扩大;中期到晚期,古地貌高点范围不断向北和北西2个方向收缩,范围缩小;同时,研究区东南角古地貌高点范围不断向北扩大。综合上述分析结果,认为柴达木盆地扎哈泉地区上干柴沟组滩坝砂体发育演化受控于物源规模大小和微古地貌的发育演化,其中微古地貌发育演化是滩坝砂体发育演化的主要控制因素。研究成果可为相似的地质背景下滩坝砂体成因的岩性圈闭预测提供参考。     

Environmental Effects on Differential Organic Matter Enrichment of the Lower Cambrian Shale, Tarim Basin, NW China

Early Cambrian shale is an important petroleum source rock around the world. Because of little drilling data and poor seismic data, until recently, organic matter enrichment of the Lower Cambrian Yuertusi and Xishanbulake formations shale is still an enigma in the Tarim Basin, northwestern China. Total organic carbon (TOC), major and trace element data of Cambrian shale samples from five boreholes have been analyzed to decipher the mechanism of the organic matter enrichment. The results show that the shales deposited in the western restricted intraplatform have much higher TOC contents (3.2%–19.8%, on average 11.0%) than those from the eastern basin (2.2%–10.2%, on average 4.5%). The paleoproductivity proxies (Ba, Ba/Al, P/Al) in the western restricted platform are much higher than those in the eastern basin. The trace element indicators such as V/Cr, Ni/Co, Mo–TOC and MoEF–UEF suggest an anoxic environment across the basin, but a more restricted environment in the western intraplatform. The paleoproductivity rather than anoxic condition and hydrothermal activity are concluded to have resulted in the differentiation of the organic matter enrichment from the western intraplatform to eastern basin in the early Cambrian shales; the restricted environment was favorable for paleoproductivity and preservation of organic matter.     

腾冲温泉中Li-U-Au异常富集特征及其成因浅析

综合滇西腾冲1974年以来的调查研究文献资料发现,该区正在发育国内外罕见的现代热泉型铀、金、砷、锑、稀土、锂、汞、钨、氢等元素的异常富集系统。为总结温泉中锂、铀、金战略性金属元素异常富集特征,探索其共生富集机制,本文统计了腾冲57个温泉近50年报道的320个地球化学数据,初次系统梳理出温泉中锂、铀、金元素具以下典型特征：（1）3种金属元素集中在部分泉水中异常富集。锂、金主要富集于大滚锅,铀主要富集于珍珠泉和叠水河碳酸泉,温泉中锂和铀含量高于全省绝大多数温泉。（2）锂元素含量稳定、富集效率高、资源潜力大。热海地区温泉锂含量变异系数均低于30%,指示半个世纪来锂含量波动幅度小,锂“流而不衰”;有学者初步测算出全区温泉年溢出锂金属量达532.9吨,20年流失量即可超过一个小型锂矿。此外,381砂岩型铀矿床还存在铀“采而不尽”的现象,可能与泉水中新生铀的持续补给有关。在前人研究成果基础之上,新提出温泉中锂、铀、金的共生富集可能主要是在地核或其局部富集的此类元素沿“腾冲现代地幔柱”自下往上迁移,在地表温泉及其沉积物中不断聚集的结果,即“核源—地幔柱”成因。