鄂尔多斯盆地中部石炭系层序地层分析

鄂尔多斯盆地石炭系厚 0～ 6 0 0m ,属潮坪三角洲相。从鄂尔多斯沉积特征出发 ,由地表露头结合井下剖面讨论了该盆地石炭系层序地层特点。识别出两类层序界面。依层序界面特征划分出两个层序 ,分属于本溪期及太原期 ,每个层序由海进体系域和高水位体系域组成 ,缺失低水位体系域。讨论了凝缩段及体系域的分布。     

北极地区地缘关系研究综述

论文检索了科学引文索引(Web of Science)和中国知网(CNKI)中北极地区地缘关系的相关文献,借助CiteSpace文献分析软件的关键词共现分析功能,系统综述了2000年以来国内外关于北极地区地缘关系的研究重点。从研究内容上看,国外研究主要关注主权政治、航道利用、资源管理和原住民权益等主体性议题,而国内则着重关注地缘政治、航道交通、资源经济和地区治理等参与性议题。就研究方法上看,国内外研究中定性与定量方法兼具,但仍以定性方法和描述性方法为主。随着北极地区的发展,研究方法和研究视角有待丰富,研究领域和研究深度亟需进一步拓展和加强。北极地区具有重要的战略意义,未来应结合现代技术,借鉴国际上的地区发展理论,开展北极地区的可持续发展研究和中国参与研究,并构建新时代北极地区地缘环境理论。     

Predicting the entire soil-water characteristic curve using measurements within low suction range

The soil-water characteristic curve(SWCC) is widely used in the design and evaluation in the practice of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering such as the slope stability under the influence of environmental factors. The SWCC has distinct features in the capillary and adsorption zones due to different physical mechanisms. Measurements of the SWCC are typically limited within the capillary zone(i.e., low suction range). It is cumbersome and time-consuming to measure the SWCC in the adsorption zone(i.e., high suction range). This study presents a simple method to predict the entire SWCC within both the capillary and adsorption zones, using measured data only from low suction range(e.g., from 0 to 500 kPa). Experimental studies were performed on a completely weathered granite residual soil to determine its entire SWCC from saturated to dry conditions. The resultant SWCC, along with the SWCC measurements of 14 soils reported in the literature, were used to validate the proposed method. The results indicate that the proposed method has good consistency with a wide array of measured data used in this study. The proposed method is easy to use as it only requires a simple parameter calibration for a commonly used SWCC model. It can be used to improve the reliability in the prediction of the SWCC over the entire suction range when measurements are limited within the low suction range.     

塔北地区寒武系白云岩储层裂缝充填特征与有效性

塔里木盆地寒武系白云岩储层具有年代老、埋深大、成岩作用强烈的特征,原生孔隙几乎被破坏殆尽,有效裂缝的发育程度是决定储层优劣的关键因素。根据岩芯描述、薄片鉴定、FMI成像测井、扫描电镜、阴极发光、电子探针以及流体包裹体分析等研究手段,开展了塔里木盆地北部地区(简称"塔北地区")寒武系白云岩储层的裂缝充填特征及有效性分析。塔北地区整体裂缝发育,天山南地区与塔河地区裂缝在产状、线密度、形态以及充填特征上存在差异。天山南地区裂缝线密度与有效性均低于塔河地区,充填矿物主要为自形白云石与石英,其次为方解石、石膏与黄铁矿。充填白云石分为3期,对应的温度区间分别为70℃～90℃、90℃～110℃及110℃以上,均为地层内的成岩流体成因;充填石英分两期,第一期为黏土矿物转化蚀变形成,第二期可能为热液成因。塔河地区裂缝线密度高,有效性较好,溶蚀作用发育,是有利的勘探地区,其充填物以热液矿物组合形式出现,主要为方解石,其次为石膏、鞍状白云石、黏土矿物、沥青等,重晶石以交代白云石的形式出现。充填方解石分为4期,对应的温度区间分别为70℃～100℃、100℃～130℃、130℃～180℃及180℃以上,前3期充填为不同埋深时期地层内成岩流体成因,最后一期充填为自下部运移而来的高温热液流体成因。     

深水等深流沉积中记录的米兰科维奇特性——以陕西富平地区上奥陶统赵老峪组为例

陕西富平地区上奥陶统赵老峪组为深水盆地边缘至深水斜坡沉积环境,发育深水原地沉积、等深流沉积及重力流沉积。以野外实测剖面、岩相特征等资料为基础,结合米兰科维奇理论、天文地层学、古海洋学以及古气候学,系统研究该地区等深流强度与古气候、海平面、古盐度的关系。结果表明:Fischer图解可以客观、准确地反映深水沉积地层相对海平面变化;深水沉积及等深流沉积中不同级次旋回垂向组合关系记录了米兰科维奇特性,即小级别旋回在垂向上有序地按照1∶4或者1∶5的形式叠加构成较大级别旋回;等深流强度受米兰科维奇旋回影响,呈多周期弱→强→弱递变;等深流强化周期约为0.1Ma。     

基于《地理学报》创刊85年载文的中国西南地区之地理研究

西南地区以其独特的地理现象一直为国内外地理学者所关注。通过对《地理学报》创刊以来85年间西南地区研究的载文分析,可以管窥其研究脉络,并予未来研究以启示。结果表明：① 232篇论文囊括了地理研究的若干主题,但以地貌、气象气候、综合自然地理和生态环境发文量最大,而城市、民族、交通、健康则关注较少;② 研究经历了传统区域研究、任务带学科、承上启下和多元化发展4个阶段;③ 论文在数量和内容上的阶段性变化,既受国家时事格局影响,也受地理学科研究范式发展变化影响;④ 《地理学报》有关西南地区的载文具有很高的研究水平,无论是在学术视野还是研究方法手段上,区域的自然、人文、社会经济与生态环境等诸多研究都站在了学术研究前沿,代表了学界对西南地理的研究情况;⑤ 但西南地理研究论文增长速度远赶不上《地理学报》载文量增长,外来研究机构占比很大,本土力量弱;相较自然地理,人文地理研究也少而弱。可见,西南地理研究当从新区域地理视角重新审视这一地区传统与现代的碰撞、边界的接触与冲突和区际的联系与竞争,继续成就西南地区重要的地理意义。     

近20a来巢湖流域生态服务价值空间分异机制的地理探测

生态系统服务功能是生态系统和生态过程形成和维持的自然环境条件及作用。基于1995—2017年遥感分类数据,对研究区按3 km×3 km幅度网格化2019个样方,利用空间统计和缓冲区等方法进行巢湖流域生态服务价值时空演变特征分析,应用地理探测器工具揭示生态服务价值空间分异的主导因子及因子交互作用机制,并提出生态服务价值空间优化策略。结果表明：① 巢湖流域生态服务价值量由1995年的303.17亿元分别下降为2005年300.95亿元和2017年287.70亿元,近20a来减少约5.11%,年均下降率0.23%,其中合肥市区、巢湖南部和东部地区降速明显;② 生态服务价值等级空间转移分析表明,巢湖流域低级别生态服务价值区域在扩展,中等及高级别区域在缩小。以巢湖为核心的缓冲区分析表明,20a来缓冲区核心环带内生态服务价值量下降18.55%,巢湖流域水环境保护核心区的生态系统功能变化值得关注;③ 地理探测分析表明,人为影响综合指数是生态服务价值空间分异的主导因子;地形、气象因素是重要影响因子;人为影响指数因子、自然因子及社会经济因子的交互协同增强效应共同影响了流域生态服务价值在空间上的分异效果。研究结果在一定程度上可为巢湖流域生态系统调控与优化提供理论依据。     

Gaussian decomposition and component pigment spectral analysis of phytoplankton absorption spectra

The absorption spectrum of phytoplankton is an important bio-optical parameter for ocean color hyperspectral remote sensing;its magnitude and shape can be affected considerably by pigment composition and concentration.We conducted Gaussian decomposition to the absorption spectra of phytoplankton pigment and studied the spectral components of the phytoplankton,in which the package effect was investigated using pigment concentration data and phytoplankton absorption spectra.The decomposition results were compared with the corresponding concentrations of the five main pigment groups(chlorophylls a,b,and c,photo-synthetic carotenoids(PSC),and photo-protective carotenoids(PPC)).The results indicate that the majority of residual errors in the Gaussian decomposition are0.001 m~(-1),and R~2 of the power regression between characteristic bands and HPLC pigment concentrations(except for chlorophyll b)was0.65 or greater for surface water samples at autumn cruise.In addition,we determined a strong predictive capability for chlorophylls a,c,PPC,and PSC.We also tested the estimation of pigment concentrations from the empirical specific absorption coefficient of pigment composition.The empirical decomposition showed that the Ficek model was the closest to the original spectra with the smallest residual errors.The pigment decomposition results and HPLC measurements of pigment concentration are in a high consistency as the scatter plots are distributed largely near the 1:1 line in spite of prominent seasonal variations.The Wozniak model showed a better fit than the Ficek model for Chla,and the median relative error was small.The pigment component information estimated from the phytoplankton absorption spectra can help better remote sensing of hyperspectral ocean color that related to the changes in phytoplankton communities and varieties.     

Growth and feeding habits of invasive Pseudorasbora parva in the Chabalang Wetland(Lhasa,China) and its trophic impacts on native fish

In recent years, fish invasion has become one of the main reasons for the decline of nativefish stocks. Pseudorasbora parva is considered one of the major invasive species worldwide. The present study investigated the fish resources of the Chabalang Wetland(Lhasa, Tibet) during dif ferent seasons in2009 and 2013. Four hundred and twelve individuals were subsampled to estimate age, growth, and feeding habit of P. parva. Furthermore, food relationships between P. parva and the native Schizothoracinae fish were also examined. The results revealed a significant shift in species composition and community structure characterized by the disappearance of native fish and outbreak of non-native fish. The percentage of nonnative P. parva in the fish collections significantly increased from 33.64% in 2009 to 64.08% in 2013.The standard length(SL) ranged from 22.00 to 78.71 mm, and their age was 1–5 a. The von Bertalanf fy function was used to model the observed length-at-age data as Lt =112.19(1– e~(-0.1495(t +0.8012))) for females and as Lt =123.12(1– e~(-0.1500(t +0.7132))) for males. The results indicated that P. parva in Tibet has lower growth and mortality rates compared with that from the native ranges. Ninety-seven prey taxa belonging to 9 prey categories were identified in the gut of 38 P. parva. P. parva can be considered a generalized and opportunistic predator, competing with the native fish, especially Schizothorax o'connori, Schizopygopsis younghusbandi younghusbandi, and Ptychobarbus dipogon, for Bacillariophyta and Chironomid larvae.This is an important reason for the decline in native fish population.     

Morphological and molecular diagnoses of Polydora brevipalpa Zachs,1933(Annelida: Spionidae) from the shellfish along the coast of China

Shell-boring species Polydora brevipalpa Zachs, 1933 is redescribed based on morphological observations and molecular approach for future unambiguous identification. Genetic distance analyses showed that the interspecific polydorid variation(16.7%–25.6%) was at least 15 times higher than the intraspecific one(0.2%–0.9%) based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I(CO1) gene sequences of polydorids. However, 18 S rDNA variation pattern demonstrated a rather narrow barcoding gap, with the interspecific polydorid variation(0.5%–5.6%) being very close to the intraspecific one(0.0%–0.4%). As such, the CO1 gene exhibited better DNA barcode for identification of polydorids than the 18 S rDNA gene because of the su ciently large barcoding gaps. Analysis of molecular variance results based on CO1 gene sequences showed that most variations in sequences(97.79%) lay within groups of adult worms and egg capsules rather than between them. This indicated that egg capsules from Crassostrea gigas(Thunberg,1793) in Ningbo and Nantong were related to the adult worms from Patinopecten yessoensis(Jay, 1857) in Dalian, and both of them belonged to P. brevipalpa. This result was further supported by parsimony network analysis, which showed that egg capsules collected from dif ferent localities and adult worms shared a single haplotype. This study was the first to report both P. brevipalpa infestation on C. gigas and to utilise the known CO1 sequences of the adult polydorids to validate morphologically unidentified egg capsules or early larvae. P. brevipalpa was most possibly brought to Chinese waters through transportation of Pa. yessoensis brood stock from Japan.