全站仪轴系补偿原理及检验方法探讨

全面阐述了全站仪的轴系补偿相关理论和实践，指出了我国检验规程的不足之处，提出了改进方法。     

从卫星遥感全色图像中自动提取城市目标

提出了一种从卫星遥感全色图像中自动提取城市目标的方法。在总结城市目标的卫星遥感全色图像特性的基础上 ,设计了一种层次提取的方法。首先在低分辨率图像中提取城市目标的候选区域 ;接着在候选区域内利用城市目标一些更复杂的特性在高分辨率图像中证实城市目标。为了获得城市目标的边界 ,提出了一种基于边缘点密度的算法 ,并将算法应用去提取SPOT图像中的城市目标 ,取得了较好的试验结果     

Fluid inclusions in granulites, granulitized eclogites and garnet clinopyroxenites from the Dabie–Sulu terranes, eastern China

Minor granulites (believed to be pre-Triassic), surrounded by abundant amphibolite-facies orthogneiss, occur in the same region as the well-documented Triassic high- and ultrahigh-pressure (HP and UHP) eclogites in the Dabie–Sulu terranes, eastern China. Moreover, some eclogites and garnet clinopyroxenites have been metamorphosed at granulite- to amphibolite-facies conditions during exhumation. Granulitized HP eclogites/garnet clinopyroxenites at Huangweihe and Baizhangyan record estimated eclogite-facies metamorphic conditions of 775–805 °C and ≥15 kbar, followed by granulite- to amphibolite-facies overprint of ca. 750–800 °C and 6–11 kbar. The presence of (Na, Ca, Ba, Sr)-feldspars in garnet and omphacite corresponds to amphibolite-facies conditions. Metamorphic mineral assemblages and P–T estimates for felsic granulite at Huangtuling and mafic granulite at Huilanshan indicate peak conditions of 850 °C and 12 kbar for the granulite-facies metamorphism and 700 °C and 6 kbar for amphibolite-facies retrograde metamorphism. Cordierite–orthopyroxene and ferropargasite–plagioclase coronas and symplectites around garnet record a strong, rapid decompression, possibly contemporaneous with the uplift of neighbouring HP/UHP eclogites.

Carbonic fluid (CO₂-rich) inclusions are predominant in both HP granulites and granulitized HP/UHP eclogites/garnet clinopyroxenites. They have low densities, having been reset during decompression. Minor amounts of CH₄ and/or N₂ as well as carbonate are present. In the granulitized HP/UHP eclogites/garnet clinopyroxenites, early fluids are high-salinity brines with minor N₂, whereas low-salinity fluids formed during retrogression. Syn-granulite-facies carbonic fluid inclusions occur either in quartz rods in clinopyroxene (granulitized HP garnet clinopyxeronite) or in quartz blebs in garnet and quartz matrices (UHP eclogite). For HP granulites, a limited number of primary CO₂ and mixed H₂O–CO₂(liquid) inclusions have also been observed in undeformed quartz inclusions within garnet, orthopyroxene, and plagioclase which contain abundant, low-density CO₂±carbonate inclusions. It is suggested that the primary fluid in the HP granulites was high-density CO₂, mixed with a significant quantity of water. The water was consumed by retrograde metamorphic mineral reactions and may also have been responsible for metasomatic reactions (“giant myrmekites”) occurring at quartz–feldspar boundaries. Compared with the UHP eclogites in this region, the granulites were exhumed in the presence of massive, externally derived carbonic fluids and subsequently limited low-salinity aqueous fluids, probably derived from the surrounding gneisses.     

承台外区土阻力群桩效应及效应系数的有限元分析

利用三维弹塑性有限元方法,对复合桩基承台外区土阻力群桩效应及其效应系数进行了研究,讨论了土类、桩长、桩距、桩数等对承台外区土阻力群桩效应及其群桩效应系数的影响,结果表明(1)承台外区土阻力随承台宽与桩长之比 (B/L)的增大而增大,但增幅不大;随桩距S增大而增大;受桩数n的影响不大。(2)承台外区群桩效应系数随B/L增大几乎无变化;随S增大而增大;不随n变化而变化。(3)承台外区群桩效应系数与土类有关。     

高产高效综放工作面端面顶板稳定性监测

通过对支架与围岩关系的研究,分析了支架与顶板的相互作用机理,得出支架支护阻力与端面顶板下沉量p–△ld具有类双曲线关系,这种类双曲线关系是高产高效综放工作面端面顶板稳定性控制的基础。根据高产高效综放工作面的开采特点提出了端面顶板监测控制的特点和要求,开发建立了在线监测体系,现场应用取得了良好的技术经济效益。     

天山北坡牧草生长季节土壤水分变化特征探讨

通过对牧业气象试验站多年土壤水分观测资料的整理分析，认为夏季土壤水分比较丰富，其随深度分布呈降水型；春季土壤水分含量最少，秋季次之，其随深度分布呈蒸发、降水型。旬土壤水分含量在牧草生长期呈两峰三谷型。     

GPS折射角资料的变分同化试验

越来越多的新型观测资料为数值天气预报水平的进一步提高提供了许多新的机会。在各种新型的观测资料中,GPS(全球定位卫星系统)折射角资料无疑是非常重要的。GPS折射角资料具有分辨率高、全天候探测、覆盖全球等优点,实现对GPS折射角资料的变分同化,将具有非常重要的意义。文中介绍了如何获得及同化GPS折射角资料的原理。对GPS折射角资料的变分同化可以分为两种:间接同化和直接同化,文中对这两种方法都作了具体介绍。在变分同化的最小化过程中,计算效率无疑是最重要的,而优化步长的计算又直接关系到算法效率的成败。根据最小化算法的特点,通过数学推导,得出一种适合于各种最小化算法的计算优化步长的自适应方法。最后,还利用1995年10月11日的GPS折射角资料进行了数值试验,结果表明了变分同化方法和计算优化步长方法的有效性。     

部分预应力混凝土扁梁框架节点的拟静力试验研究

本文进行了四个部分预应力混凝土扁梁框架节点的拟静力试验研究。通过四个不同试件的试验研究分析了节点的变形能力、耗能能力、延性和刚度退化等抗震性能，同时分析了低周反复荷载作用下预应力混凝土框架节点的破坏机理。     

比值参数在高密度电法中的应用

探讨了比值参数在高密度电阻率法中的应用；根据工程实例说明比值参数在压制局部干扰和邻近异常分离中有良好效果；将比值参数断面与电阻率反演断面比较研究，能取得较好的异常解释效果。     

上地幔变黏度小尺度对流的数值研究

基于二维模型，利用有限元方法，研究上地幔-岩石圈系统的变黏度小尺度对流. 考虑该系统的黏度随温度以指数形式变化，数值结果表明，当黏度随温度变化较剧烈时，由于低温高黏度，系统的最上部物质不参与对流，系统发育形成一个类似于岩石圈的静止盖层. 计算表面热流、地形起伏及重力异常与对流格局有较好的相关性，高热流、上升地形对应于对流的上升区，反之低热流、下降地形与对流的下降区对应.