Spatial Variation of Dissolved Organic Carbon in Soils of Riparian Wetlands and Responses to Hydro-geomorphologic Changes in Sanjiang Plain,China

Spatial variation of dissolved organic carbon(DOC) in soils of riparian wetlands and responses to hydro-geomorphologic changes in the Sanjiang Plain were analyzed through in situ collecting soil samples in the Naoli River and the Bielahong River. The results showed that the average contents of DOC for soil layer of 0–100 cm were 730.6 mg/kg, 250.9 mg/kg, 423.0 mg/kg and 333.1 mg/kg respectively from riverbed to river terrace along the transverse directions of the Naoli watershed. The content of the soil DOC was the highest in the riverbed, lower in the high floodplain and much lower in the river terrace, and it was the lowest in the low floodplain. The difference in the content and vertical distribution of DOC between the riverbed and the three riparian wetlands was significant, while it was not significant among the low floodplain, the high floodplain and the river terrace. The variability of soil DOC was related to the hydrological connectivity between different landscape position of the riparian wetlands and the adjacent stream. Extremely significant correlations were observed between DOC and total organic carbon(TOC), total iron(TFe), ferrous iron(Fe(II)) whose correlation coefficients were 0.819, –0.544 and –0.709 in riparian wetlands of the Naoli River. With the increase of wetland destruction, soil p H increased and soil DOC content changed. The correlation coefficients between soil DOC and TOC, TFe, Fe(II) also changed into 0.759, –0.686 and –0.575 respectively in the Bielahong River. Under the impact of drainage ditches, the correlations between soil DOC and TFe, Fe(II) were not obvious, while the soil p H was weakly alkaline and was negatively correlated with soil DOC in the previous high floodplain. It indicates that riparian hydro-geomorphology is the main factor that could well explain this spatial variability of soil DOC, and the agricultural environmental hydraulic works like ditching also must be considered.     

家庭无线网络分享可行性研究——基于无线网络的流量银行wlanbank

在对当前无线网络供求特征分析的基础上,通过研究路由器Openwrt系统的网络架构,对该设计平台下实现无线网络分享的可行性进行探讨.基于Openwrt平台,将无线网络分享及流量平衡的理念引入方案设计中,利用C++语言实现并建立了无线网络流量银行Wlanbank(Wireless LocalArea Networks bank),并对该流量银行的功能和实用性进行了分析.该平台能够方便地实现家庭网络的相互分享,包括客户端与服务器的定时通信、流量结算以及路由器的远程管理等功能.该无线网络分享平台参考金融秩序中的货币流通方式,在流量银行Wlanbank系统中实现在用户互相之间的转账流量交易来获得无线网络的使用,遵循“分享才能使用”、“分享的越多才能使用的越多”的理念,在流量流通过程中制造一种类似金融秩序的平衡,在不损害用户利益的基础上,扩大无线网络覆盖率.     

利用双因素实验和单藻培养方法研究温度和盐度对短节硬毛藻(Chaetomorpha brachygona Harvey)生长发育的影响

提要 利用双因素实验和单藻培养等方法,对采自广东南澳岛的短节硬毛藻Chaetomorpha brachygona Harvey进行了研究。在不同温度和盐度条件下,对该硬毛藻的生长、活力以及形态进行了观察与测定。结果表明,温度和盐度对短节硬毛藻的生长均有一定影响,当温度为20℃时,藻体培养第3、6和12天活力分别为0.70—0.75Y、0.60—0.70Y和0.55—0.65Y,培养12天时藻体有生殖细胞形成,此温度有利于藻体维持活力;温度为25—30℃时,培养第3天时会大量形成生殖细胞;在盐度10、20、40和50时,藻体的生长与温度相关,即30℃>25℃>20℃;在盐度20—30时,藻体长度最大达4.55 cm;在盐度10—30时,更有利于藻体生长,整体趋势为20>30>10>40>50。因此,实验条件下,温度25—30℃、盐度10—30更利于短节硬毛藻的生长和形成生殖细胞。本实验表明,短节硬毛藻为暖水、广盐性种,有可能在我国南方海区大量生长并扩散,具有引发绿潮的潜力。     

近十年来渤海湾围填海工程对渤海湾水交换的影响

近十年来我国海岸带地区快速城市化,对土地的需求持续高涨,导致沿海地区围海造地现象愈演愈烈,海湾纳潮海域面积持续萎缩,对海湾的水交换带来了较大压力。为此,选取我国海岸带快速城市化的典型区域——渤海湾为例,研究近十年来渤海湾海岸带城市化对渤海湾水交换的影响。基于国际流行的MIKE3水动力模型耦合粒子追踪模块,应用2000年和2010年两个典型年份的渤海湾岸线资料,分别计算了2000年和2010年渤海湾环流系统及其驱动下的水质点运移规律和变化特征。研究将渤海湾划分为8个区块,定量化研究和对比了近十年来由于渤海湾持续围填海导致的海湾水存留时间和不同区块水交换能力的变化。结果表明,随着近十年来渤海湾沿岸快速城市化产生的岸线变化,导致湾内环流涡旋增多,决定湾内水交换的流场结构发生了显著变化,导致各区块的水交换能力和平均水存留时间不仅存在较大差异,而且发生了显著的变化。与2000年相比,2010年天津港、黄骅港和曹妃甸港区海域的平均水存留时间明显增加,水交换率下降,对区域水质的改善十分不利。     

温度和盐度对埋栖性双壳类泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa) 呼吸、排泄的影响

在人工条件下采用静水封闭呼吸瓶的方法研究了温度、盐度对泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)呼 吸、排泄的影响, 并综合分析了温度、盐度交互作用对呼吸、排泄的影响程度, 为泥蚶基础生物学研 究积累了资料。结果表明, 在设定的不同温度条件下泥蚶耗氧率变化范围0.63-4.47mg/(g·h), 单因 素方差分析结果显示4 个盐度条件下泥蚶耗氧率的差异均极显著(P<0.01); 排氨率的变化范围 123.11-955.68μg/(g·h), 排氨率受温度的影响也均极显著(P<0.01); 经回归发现, 在温度13-31℃ 范 围内, 耗氧率和排氨率均与温度的变化呈显著的指数相关。除温度为18℃ 时, 其它各温度条件下, 不同盐度梯度间的耗氧率差异不显著(P>0.05), 盐度对排氨率影响的变化趋势不一致。在温度 (13-31℃)和盐度(18-28)时, 温度和盐度对耗氧率、排氨率的影响均存在交互作用, 耗氧率(Y)、排 氨率(Y)与温度(T)和盐度(S)之间的二元线性回归关系为Y=a+bT+cS+dT×S.泥蚶呼吸排泄的O:N 比 在4.50-13.07 之间, 平均值为7.16.泥蚶呼吸排泄的代谢活动受温度、盐度的影响显著。     

西沙群岛生物碳酸盐的成因和沉积:来自活体仙掌藻的证据

A recent island survey reveals that the Xuande Atoll and the Yongle Atoll in the Xisha Islands can be classified into one of two systems: the depleted atoll system and growth atoll system; the survey also indicates that the decreased area of several shoals is an unbearable burden for the Xisha Islands, of which the largest island area is 2.13 km2 and the minimum elevation is 1.4 m. According to a survey on the ecological characteristics of Halimeda in the Laolongtou breaker zone of Shidao Island in the Xisha Islands, the green and white living Halimeda are collected,the isotopic ages of 14 C contained in the Halimeda are shown to be 27 years and 55 years, respectively, and carbonate mainly occurs in five types, i.e., luster, segment, sand, sand grain, and marl in the formation. The Halimeda segments mainly provide the carbonate sediments of long-term biogenic deposits in the reef environment and the annual productivity per area is 60–100 g/m2; the characteristics of the microstructure of the Halimeda are analyzed, the aragonite raphide carbonate is deposited and enriched in the cortexes, medullas and cysts, and the Halimeda generally contain major elements such as C, O, Ca, Cl, Mg, K, Na, S and Al, and are rich in trace elements such as tellurium(Te), rhodium(Rh) and strontium. It is believed that the Halimeda grow slowly,including the biotic community of reef corals in the reef areas, thus they possess an environmental remediation capacity, but it takes much time to remedy the environment, and it is necessary to make the law to protect the diversity and vulnerability of the Xisha marine ecology, the ecology of the reef community and the island environment in a scientific way. As indicated in the survey, under the background of global warming and sea-level rise, the discovery of large amounts of Halimeda in the Laolongtou sea area is significant for the natural increase of the depleted atoll system of the Xuande Atoll, while the Halimeda segments represent the primary form of the fossil Halimeda, of which the species can be identified and preserved in great numbers under geological conditions. The Miocene was discovered in large amounts in the Xichen-1 well, therefore the study on the characteristics and mechanism of Halimeda carbonate sediments plays a pivotal role in the formation and construction of organic reefs in the South China Sea as well as oil and gas exploration.     

有效群体大小对蛤仔F1生长和存活影响

对不同有效群体大小(Ne=2、4、8、16、32、200)的蛤仔F1代生长和存活性状进行了比较。结果表明:浮游期,各试验组幼虫壳长均未表现出显著性差异(P0.05),实验组Ne=200的存活率低于其他各实验组,并随着日龄的增长,差异越来越显著;稚贝期,各实验组的壳长和存活率的变化规律和浮游期基本一致。对壳长变异情况分析表明,浮游期,随着群体有效含量的增大,子代开始出现小型个体和大型个体,壳长分布变异逐渐明显;稚贝期,各试验组组内壳长变异进一步加剧,除Ne=2试验组稚贝壳长介于400μm和600μm之间外,其他各试验组均出现明显的小型和大型个体,表现为有效群体越大,组内稚贝壳长变异越为明显。     

11-deoxyheloside A的合成

首次完成天然胆甾烷型皂苷11-deoxyheloside A的合成。在相转移催化的条件下,葡萄糖溴苷1与膦酸单乙酯2反应以69%的收率得到葡萄糖膦酸酯供体3;以胆甾烷苷元4为原料,经Luche还原和乙酰化反应以及三氟甲磺酸负载硅胶脱除TBDPS基团得到胆甾烷二醇10;在金催化剂的作用下,胆甾二醇10与葡萄糖膦酸酯供体3进行糖苷化反应,然后脱除酰基保护基以97%的产率完成11-deoxyheloside A的合成。     

一种高频雷达回波谱反演海浪的新算法

在高频地波雷达海浪谱反演问题中,广泛采用的Barrick后向散射公式属于第一类非线性Fredholm积分方程。此类积分方程的解在本质上是不适定的,加之高频雷达二阶回波信号信噪比较低,使得反演海浪谱存在解不稳定的问题。本文提出一种稳定且低复杂度的反演算法,此算法首先根据高频雷达一阶回波谱测量海浪方向,并将其引入积分方程求解过程,减少求解变量的个数,降低反演算法的复杂度。为解决反演结果不稳定的问题,使用Tikhonov正则化方法并利用广义交叉验证法(GCV)确定其正则化系数。通过在不同测试条件下对反演算法的仿真测试分析,表明此方法具有运算量小、稳定性好的特点。     

实时GPS精密卫星钟差估计及实时精密单点定位

研究了GPS实时精密卫星钟差的估计方法,并将实时钟差应用于实时精密单点定位。采用自编软件,依据全球均匀分布的IGS参考站实测数据,基于非差消电离层组合载波和伪距观测量实现了GPS实时精密卫星钟差估计。试验结果表明,自主估计的实时卫星钟差与IGS发布的最终精密钟差具有较好一致性,互差优于0.2ns;用于实时精密单点定位,能够获得静态定位1~2cm、仿动态定位厘米级精度。