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121.
Titan has been observed with UVES, the UV-Visual Echelle Spectrograph at the Very Large Telescope, with the aim of characterizing the zonal wind flow. We use a retrieval scheme originally developed for absolute stellar accelerometry [Connes, P., 1985. Astrophys. Space Sci., 110, 211-255] to extract the velocity signal by simultaneously taking into account all the lines present in the spectrum. The method allows to measure the Doppler shift induced at a given point by the zonal wind flow, with high precision. The short-wavelength channel (4200-5200 Å) probes one scale height higher than the long-wavelength one (5200-6200 Å), and we observe statistically significant evidence for stronger winds at higher altitudes. The results show a high dispersion. Globally, we detect prograde zonal winds, with lower limits of 62 and 50 m s−1 at the regions centered at 200 and 170 km altitude, but approximately a quarter of the measurements indicates null or retrograde winds. 相似文献
122.
We present results of investigations into chromospheric velocity oscillations in sunspots, carried out at the Sayan Solar
Observatory. It is shown that the “chevron” structures in the space-time diagrams demonstrate wavetrain properties. Such structures
are indicators of a propagating wave process and they are typical of many sunspots. In the authors’ opinion, three-minute
umbral oscillations are not the source of running penumbral waves (RPW). It is very likely that umbral oscillations and RPW
initially propagate along different magnetic field lines. We explain the decrease in RPW propagation velocity and frequency
in the outer penumbra, as compared with the inner, by the combined action of different frequency modes. To better reveal the
properties of these modes, frequency filtering was used. Our measurements of the RPW (five-minute mode) wavelength and RPW
propagation velocity in different sunspots vary from 12″ to 30″ and from 28 to 60 – 70 km s−1 correspondingly. 相似文献
123.
Farmland on the Downs between Lewes and Brighton suffered severe erosion during the autumn of 1982. The erosion was widespread and affected a variety of topographic situations, but it was confined to areas of arable land and recently-sown grass leys. Erosion on the scale recorded during the autumn of 1982 has never previously been recorded from this area. Three major sites of erosion are described and explanations for the erosion are sought through an analysis of rainfall conditions experienced during autumn 1982 and in recent changes in agricultural land use on the Downs. It is concluded that, whilst total rainfall and the intensity of rainstorms were both unusually high, similar events are likely to recur several times a century. Evidence is presented which suggests that the ploughing up of permanent pasture, the removal of field boundaries and the increased adoption of autumn-sown cereals have all contributed to the onset of severe erosion. It appears that a major re-activation of erosion on the Downs may be commencing which threatens the long-term viability of farming in the area. 相似文献
124.
125.
We show how the Yarkovsky effect can be understood as a heat engine. The output of the engine, manifested in the rate of change in semimajor axis of the body, has a maximum at an intermediate heat capacity, depending on the rotation rate of the body. This maximum arises because the work output depends on the product of the solar heat absorbed by the body and transported from its morning to evening side (this am-pm heat flux increases with heat capacity) and the Carnot efficiency (which declines with heat capacity). 相似文献
126.
We performed polarization observations of giant radio pulses from the millisecond pulsar B1937+21. The observations were carried out in July 2002 with the 64-m Kalyazin radio telescope at a frequency of 600 MHz in two polarization channels with left-and right-hand circular polarizations (RCP and LCP). We used the S2 data acquisition system with a time resolution of 125 ns. The duration of an observing session was 20 min. We detected twelve giant radio pulses with peak flux densities higher than 1000 Jy; five and seven of these pulses appeared in the RCP and LCP channels, respectively. We found no event that exceeded the established detection threshold simultaneously in the two polarization channels. Thus, we may conclude that the detected giant pulses have a high degree of circular polarization, with the frequency of occurrence of RCP and LCP pulses being the same. 相似文献
127.
Recently, exact spatially-homogeneous solutions have been found for a conformally invariant massless scalar fieldS(t) coupled to a Robertson-Walker geometry. We investigate extending these solutions to inhomogeneous scalar fieldsS(t, x
l
). For an isotropic scalar fieldS(t, r) we find a solution satisfying three of the five field equations. If we use REDUCE, we show that the remaining equations forceS=S(t). 相似文献
128.
P. A. M. Van Hoof M. E. Foord R. F. Heeter J. E. Bailey H.-K. Chung M. E. Cuneo W. H. Goldstein V. Jonauskas F. P. Keenan R. Kisielius D. A. Liedahl C. Ramsbottom S. J. Rose P. T. Springer R. S. Thoe 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2005,298(1-2):147-153
In experiments at the high-power Z-facility at Sandia National Laboratory in Albuquerque, New Mexico, we have been able to
produce a low density photoionized laboratory plasma of Fe mixed with NaF. The conditions in the experiment allow a meaningful
comparison with X-ray emission from astrophysical sources. The charge state distributions of Fe, Na and F are determined in
this plasma using high resolution X-ray spectroscopy. Independent measurements of the density and radiation flux indicate
unprecedented values for the ionization parameter ξ = 20–25 erg cm s−1 under nearly steady-state conditions. First comparisons of the measured charge state distributions with X-ray photoionization
models show reasonable agreement, although many questions remain. 相似文献
129.
Structural crust is a thin layer formed on the soil surface after a rainstorm. The crust is the result of a physical segregation and rearrangement of soil particles in a way that affects some of the soil properties, such as infiltration, runoff and soil erosion. In practice, there is no rapid, in situ method for monitoring, assessing and mapping crust intensity and quality. In this study, a controlled spectral investigation of the structural crust across the NIR–SWIR spectral region was conducted on three selected Israeli soils, to study the potential of reflectance radiation to detect structural crust in soils. Two major factors served as the driving forces for this study: (1) there is no valid method for in situ assessment of the crust's characteristics in the agriculture field, and (2) the crust might bias thematic remote sensing of soils, because the thin layer of crust blocks photon–matter interaction, which represents the relevant soil body. Through the use of a laboratory rainfall simulator and a sensitive spectrometer, it was revealed that for three selected soils, significant spectral differences occurred between the crust and its bulk soil. The spectral information was found to be related to changes in particle size distribution and texture at the surface of the soil. This conclusion was based on indications of absorption of OH in clay lattice, OH in adsorbed water and CO3 in carbonates. It was concluded that the structural crust is a phenomenon that should not be ignored by remote-sensing users. In fact, in the field of agriculture, the spectral properties of crust can be used as tools for estimating the crust's intensity. 相似文献
130.
T. Masuda T. Shibutani T. Ochiai S. Akagi H. Yamaguchi Y. Kugimiya N. Kimura T. Miyake 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2004,22(3):199-205
Evidence is presented of a lateral variation in differential stress during metamorphism along a regional metamorphic belt on the basis of the proportion of microboudinaged piemontite grains (p) in a quartz matrix in metacherts. It is proposed that p is a practical indicator of relative differential stress. Analysis of 123 metacherts from the 800 km long Sambagawa metamorphic belt, Japan, reveals that p‐values range from < 0.01 to 0.7 in this region. Most samples from Wakayama in the mid‐belt area have p‐values of 0.4–0.6, whereas those from western Shikoku have p‐values of < 0.1. This difference cannot be explained by variations in metamorphic temperature, and is instead attributed to a regional, lateral variation in differential stress during metamorphism. 相似文献