Effects of contamination of single and combined cadmium and mercury on the soil microbial community structural diversity and functional diversity

To assess the effects of single and combined pollution of cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) on soil micro-bial community structural and functional diversities, an incubation experiment was conducted, by employing two soils, namely, the marine sediment silty loam soil and the yellowish-red soil, in which five levels of Cd, Hg and Cd and Hg in combination were added. After being incubated for 56 days, the phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) profile and sole carbon source utilization pattern (BIOLOG) of the samples were tested. The results showed that the compo-sition of the microbial communities changed significantly at different levels of metals application. The principal component analyses (PCA) of PLFAs indicated that the structure of the microbial community was also significantly altered with increasing levels of metals, with increasing PLFAs biomarkers for fungi and actinomycetes, and in-creasing ratio of Gram-positive to Gram-negative bacteria. Sole carbon source utilization pattern analysis revealed that single and combined application of Cd and Hg inhibited significantly the functional activity of soil microorgan-isms, the functional diversity indices [Richness (S), Shannon-Wiener indices (H) and Evenness (EH)] were signifi-cantly lower in polluted soils than those in non-polluted soils, which also significantly altered with increasing levels of metals. PCA for the sole carbon source utilization pattern also indicated that the metal contamination could result in a variable soil microbial community. The results revealed that the combination of Cd and Hg had higher toxicity to soil microbial community structural and functional diversities than the individual application of Cd or Hg.     

Geochronology and tectonic setting of Pb–Zn–Mo deposits and related igneous rocks in the Yinshan region, Jinzhai, Anhui province, China

The Gaijing Pb–Zn–Mo deposit and Shapinggou Mo deposit in the Yinshan region, Jinzhai, Anhui province, China, are hosted in various granitic intrusions with ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages obtained for biotite and hornblende of 136.8 ± 1.6 Ma (medium-grained monzogranite), 130.4 ± 1.2 Ma (fine-grained granite), and 125.4 ± 1.0 Ma (fine-grained diorite). The modes of occurrence and cross-cutting relationships among the igneous intrusions indicate that alkali quartz-syenite and quartz-syenite porphyry (cryptoexplosive breccia) formed later than the calc-alkali monzogranite, granite, and diorite. Molybdenum mineralization occurs in pipe-like bodies hosted in cryptoexplosive breccia (pipe), quartz-syenite (porphyry), monzogranite, and granite, whereas Pb–Zn mineralization occurs in veins distally from the Mo mineralization. The Re–Os isotopic model ages of molybdenite from the Gaijing Pb–Zn–Mo deposit are 112.6 ± 1.3 and 113.5 ± 1.3 Ma, consistent with the ages of other molybdenum deposits throughout the East Qinling–Dabie metallogenic belt. The geological characteristics and isotopic ages of the Gaijing Pb–Zn–Mo and Shapinggou Mo deposits indicate a genetic relationship to the emplacement of the quartz-syenite (porphyry) and to shallow-seated porphyry–cryptoexplosive breccia intrusions. The present results, combined with existing data, suggest that the Pb–Zn–Mo deposits and related igneous rocks were formed in a geodynamic setting of regional lithospheric thinning, delamination, and thermal erosion in East China. The deposits are part of the East Qinling–Dabie molybdenum belt, which in turn is part of a large-scale E–W-trending metallogenic belt in East China.     

陆相断陷盆地的构造层序地层分析

陆相盆地层序地层构型是构造运动、古气候、古湖平面变化与沉积物补给等动力学要素对沉积基准面控制的综合效应。其中,构造运动对盆地层序界面形成与层序内部充填起至关重要的作用。因此,陆相盆地层序地层研究须以构造层序地层为主线,即通过构造对层序形成与演化的控制分析解释层序地层构型,预测其内部充填特征。经研究,断陷盆地构造运动对层序地层的控制主要表现在:(1)断裂活动通过控制基底升降运动直接制约着盆地沉积物堆积的可容纳空间的变化及至层序地层构型;(2)构造转换带或调节带控制盆地主体物源补给方向和沉积体系分布;(3)断裂活动及其塑造的古地貌控制着沉积体系与砂体分布特征。     

中上扬子地区震旦纪末期古海洋环境研究的若干问题

本文通过调研大量文献,系统梳理了前人关于中上扬子地区震旦纪灯影期古海洋环境特征的研究方法和主要认识,特别是关于古海水的氧化还原条件、古温度和古盐度等3个要素。结果表明,震旦纪灯影组沉积时期,中上扬子地区的古海洋是一个水深较浅、并逐渐趋于氧化的浅海水体环境;古海水温度为7.0 ℃～38.6 ℃,且在灯影组晚期升高,主要为亚热带气候;海水盐度较新元古代早期有降低的趋势,但仍为海相环境,且灯影组二段和灯影组四段时期盐度相对更大。震旦纪灯影组沉积时期的古海洋环境在地质演化历史中具有重要的时空意义,能够为解释当时地球的气候条件和生物演化等方面的重大变化提供依据。现阶段研究中的问题包括：1）缺乏同时期古海洋氧化还原环境的区域对比;2）古海水绝对深度的研究十分薄弱;3）缺乏古海水盐度的直接指示依据。建议开展高分辨率古环境指示参数垂向序列和多剖面横向对比的研究,尝试定量分析氧气浓度随古海水绝对深度的变化规律,探索指示古海水盐度的直接依据。     

M87的宽波束射电观测

在本文中我们给出了对M87的宽波束的射电观测结果。结合Ceccareli等人对室女座的红外观测资料(1982),我们论证了,为了便于统一解释射电及红外的观测资料,在M87的周围除了一个高温的晕(～10~8K)外,还可能存在一个微温的延伸晕(～10~5K)。这个微温的晕将会造成M87和高温晕的引力封闭。     

区域变质作用中岩石的质量迁移和元素活动：以庐山双桥山群变泥？…

依据质量平衡原理,从地球化学组成探讨了庐山双桥山群泥质岩系在区域变质作用过程中岩石的质量迁移和元素活动,结果表明黑云母片岩和（十字）石榴片岩相对于板岩,其质量分别损失了约１７％和２３％,元素Ｓｉ、Ｎａ、Ｋ、Ｒｂ、Ｓｒ有明显的活动迁移,Ａ１、Ｕ、ＲＥＥｓ等地有一定的活动性。岩石质量迁移与元素活动晃区域变质过程中变质流体的结果。     

江苏六合新生代玄武岩中地幔捕虏体的硫化物相研究

江苏六合一带碱性玄武岩中的出露有以尖晶石二辉橄榄岩为主的地幔捕虏体,这些地幔矿物中普遍有硫化物相出现：（１）被寄主矿物捕获的早期硫化物颗粒。（２）产于矿物晶粒边界或次生裂隙充填物,（３）硫化物包裹体,包括单相硫的包裹体、硫化物－玻璃两相熔体包裹体和ＣＯ／２－硫化物－玻璃（含硅酸盐子矿物）的多相包裹体,电子探针分析表明,硫化物包裹体比例隙中硫化物具有更高的相对Ｆｅ和Ｓ含量,较低的Ｎｉ含量。硫化物包裹     

含煤盆地层序地层分析的几个基本问题

在中国不同时代煤盆地中正进行层序地层学的探索,识别层序界面、划分层序地层单元、重建沉积体系域并用以预测优质富煤单元。由于不同时代、不同类型煤盆地的地质背景不同,不能简单地使用北美学者概括的层序地层模型;需要根据各类盆地所特有的地质背景,重建其层序地层格架,并客观地估价构造、海平面变化和古气候以及沉积补给等因素对层序形成的控制作用。     

用氢氧化物共沉淀法研究热液体系REE（Nb,Ti）2O6型矿物的形成机理

作者进行了稀土铌钛氢氧化物共沉淀实验,对共沉淀物及其高温灼烧产物进行了XRD、IR、DTA和Raman研究,结合前人高温高压实验结果以及野外地质事实,提出了热液体系复杂氧化物矿物易解石和黑稀金矿的络合物高温水解、氢氧化物共沉淀、脱水去羟、聚合成核和结晶的成因模式。     

Recent advances in geochemical exploration in China

This paper outlines the recent advances in geochemical exploration in China.The Regional Geochemistry—National Reconnaissance (RGNR) Project first proposed in 1978, continues to be the focus of geochemical exploration activities in China. Several rapid quantitative multi-element analysis systems using conventional equipment available in most Chinese geological laboratories, have been developed. Eight Geochemical Standard Reference Samples of Drainage Sediments were prepared. Large-scale orientation or pilot surveys are being carried out by nearly 2/3 of the provincial geological bureaus in China. Methods of regional and follow up surveys for high and cold mountainous terrain have been worked out.Special attention has been given to the improvement and application of mercury vapour detection techniques. A new sampler was used to enhance anomalous values. A new Zeeman effect mercury detector was constructed and tested in routine analysis of mercury. Experiments of the application of soil gas mercury survey in petroleum and uranium prospecting are briefly described.Some examples of recent geochemical success in China are given.