发展地理学视角下欠发达地区贫困的地方分异与治理

在梳理发展地理学的发展过程、基本理论、分析模式和方法的基础上,结合中国解决区域性整体贫困目标和可持续发展本地化与减贫的学术探索,构建了欠发达地区贫困的发展地理学分析框架,建立了由经济地理资本、社会地理资本、文化地理资本、生态地理资本和政治地理资本构成的“五位一体”地理资本指标体系,提出了数据处理集成方法和技术流程,系统分析欠发达地区贫困的地方分异与治理方案。实证研究显示：① 地理探测可以确定作用地方贫困的主导地理资本,各主导地理资本对贫困发生率的决定力L_{A, P} ≥ 0.15;② 在不同主导地理资本作用下,5个单维地理资本指数及其合成的区域地理资本指数地方分异明显,存在阻隔和时滞特征;③ 贫困的地方分异可分为经济地理资本约束型、经济—社会地理资本约束型、经济—社会—生态地理资本约束型、经济—社会—文化—生态地理资本约束型4大类共7小类;④ 立足发展特征,挖掘地方动力,提出不同贫困分异类型的地方治理对策和模式。乡村振兴和2020年的减贫转向,应重视欠发达地区贫困的空间分异与空间扩散、空间整合的综合研究,为可持续发展本地化与减贫提供发展地理学解决方案。     

楚科奇和西伯利亚陆架颗粒有机物的来源：碳、氮同位素的线索

The stable isotopic composition(δ~(13)C and δ~(15)N) and carbon/nitrogen ratio(C/N) of particulate organic matter(POM) in the Chukchi and East Siberian shelves from July to September, 2016 were measured to evaluate the spatial variability and origin of POM. The δ~(13)C_(POC) values were in the range of -29.5‰ to-17.5‰ with an average of -25.9‰±2.0‰, and the δ~(15)N_(PN) values ranged from 3.9‰ to 13.1‰ with an average of 8.0‰±1.6‰. The C/N ratios in the East Siberian shelf were generally higher than those in the Chukchi shelf, while the δ~(13)C and δ~(15)N values were just the opposite. Abnormally low C/N ratios(4), low δ~(13)C_(POC)(almost-28‰) and high δ~(15)N_(PN)(10‰) values were observed in the Wrangel Island polynya, which was attributed to the early bloom of small phytoplankton. The contributions of terrestrial POM, bloom-produced POM and non-bloom marine POM were estimated using a three end-member mixing model. The spatial distribution of terrestrial POM showed a high fraction in the East Siberian shelf and decreased eastward, indicating the influence of Russian rivers. The distribution of non-bloom marine POM showed a high fraction in the Chukchi shelf with the highest fraction occurring in the Bering Strait and decreased westward, suggesting the stimulation of biological production by the Pacific inflow in the Chukchi shelf. The fractions of bloom-produced POM were highest in the winter polynya and gradually decreased toward the periphery. A negative relationship between the bloom-produced POM and the sea ice meltwater inventory was observed, indicating that the net sea ice loss promotes early bloom in the polynya.Given the high fraction of bloom-produced POM, the early bloom of phytoplankton in the polynyas may play an important role on marine production and POM export in the Arctic shelves.     

Geo-hazards risk zonation and warning system based on GIS in Anshan City of Liaoning

Debris flow and Karst collapse are the main parts of geological disasters in Anshan, which have affected on the construction and development of the social economy of Anshan. In order to enhance the studies of rules of disaster and give scientific estimation and alarm ahead of schedule warning, we established the warning system of Anshan and investigated the corresponding software, which are based on the deep discussions about the crisis estimation and methods of prediction of disasters. In this paper, the foundation of model used in estimating the alarm ahead of schedule for disaster and the methods of appraisal for the alarm ahead of schedule are discussed. This system for warning and evaluating is the combination of the models of warning and GIS flat roof, with so many virtues, such as complete functions, convenience, applicability, which has considered the output of data, analyses of space, chooses of model, output of production, report of information for warning and the statements and help of system.     

钢框架结构的非线性静力抗震可靠性分析：I有限元反应及其灵敏度

作为一种随机有限元方法，有限元可靠度方法通过有限元反应灵敏度分析将结构可靠度分析的近似解析方法与结构确定性分析的有限元方法结合起来，可以有效地处理结构反应是基本随机变量的隐式函数这一难题，因此成为大型复杂结构可靠度分析的有效工具。采用基于位移的非线性纤维梁柱单元对钢框架结构进行有限元建模，推导了单元与截面的基本方程。针对基于位移的纤维梁柱单元，采用逐级递进方式，分别推导了整体级、单元级、截面级和材料级的有限元反应灵敏度直接微分表达式。研究结果可为采用FORM或SORM等近似解析法进行钢框架结构的非线性静力有限元可靠性分析提供算法支持和编程依据。     

藏东南碧土带瓦浦组火山岩形成的大地构造环境

首次对藏东南原称的瓦浦组进行系统的岩石化学研究 ,发现它包括了两套不同时代和大地构造环境下形成的火山岩。瓦浦组火山熔岩由下部的玄武岩夹玄武安山岩和上部的流纹岩组成 ,是古特提斯洋盆中的洋岛火山岩 ,其时代初定为早二叠世—晚二叠世早期。在觉马—巴格和扎西所见的岩层是以钙质浊积岩为主的火山 -沉积岩系 ,火山岩为岛弧拉斑玄武岩 ,属晚三叠世早期活动大陆边缘产物。上述发现为碧土带是复杂的造山带拼贴体、古特提斯主洋盆是开阔的多岛洋和晚三叠世活动大陆边缘可能属马里亚纳型提供了重要证据     

一种Pb-PbCl2不极化电极试验研究

在分析不极化电极基本实现原理的基础上,研究和讨论影响地电场测量电极工作稳定性的主要技术因素,采用Pb-PbCl2技术方案和可螺旋拆解的分体式结构,完成一种不极化电极的研究和试验。结果表明：①该电极的主要技术性能不低于目前国内外在该领域的指标要求;②在性能试验期间,极化电位的一致性和稳定性均较高;③应用研究过程中,较好记录了地电场日变化和地电暴等背景变化。     

甘肃平凉地电比测台站建设及地电阻率数据分析

简要介绍了平凉地电比测台站的场地环境,阐述了比测装置系统和观测室的建设过程,并对其性能进行了测试和分析。结果表明,建成的装置系统运行稳定,产出数据真实可靠;观测室的改建充分利用了现有基础设施,注重功能划分、防雷接地、综合布线等设计,可以满足地电比测的需求。最后,以ZD8M型地电阻率仪为例,对定型比测结果进行了分析,结果进一步说明甘肃平凉地电比测台站的各项指标均符合相关技术规范。     

青藏高原东北缘隆德观音店剖面碎屑锆石年龄序列及地质意义

青藏高原东北缘古近纪—新近纪地层的精确时代和高原隆升扩展何时影响到东北缘地区一直是地质学家争论的焦点。此次以青藏高原东北缘隆德观音店剖面为研究对象,采用碎屑锆石U-Pb测年方法,结合区域古生物化石鉴定、古地磁测年结果,针对上述两个问题提出了新的认识。测试分析发现,青藏高原东北缘古近系清水营组上部碎屑锆石年龄序列中最年轻的峰值为17.8 Ma,研究得出如下两个认识:清水营组的沉积时代应归属于晚渐新世—早中新世,区域上具有穿时性;青藏高原隆升向东北方向的扩展推挤作用在早中新世时期就开始影响到了海原-六盘山断裂带以西地区,区域上构造-沉积-气候之间具有协同演化的耦合关系。这一研究成果为青藏高原隆升向东推挤扩展影响到东北缘地区的起始时限提供了新的时间标尺。      

江西信江流域硅质黄蜡石特征研究

江西黄蜡石具有亮丽悦目、光润如蜡的外表,其形态千变万化,具有一定的观赏价值,然而目前对其基础特征及形成研究甚少。文章以信江流域的硅质黄蜡石为研究对象,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪及电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪、高倍率偏光显微镜、X-射线衍射分析仪等测试手段对样品进行了观测和分析。其研究结果表明,鹰潭硅质黄蜡石主要物质组成为玉髓和石英,含有少量黏土矿物、褐铁矿、赤铁矿、氧化锰和绢云母;颜色多为黄色、红色及其混合色;透明度为亚透明、半透明,呈显微隐晶质变晶、显微显晶质变晶结构;硬度6.5~7.0,密度2.53~2.81g/cm~3。折射率1.528~1.553(点测1.53~1.55)。并提出了鹰潭硅质黄蜡石质量评价初步方案。     

Provenance and tectonic significance of late Mesoproterozoic detrital zircons from the Tonian system,northern margin of the North China Craton

The involvement of the North China Craton (NCC) in the assembly or breakup of Rodinia has long been debated. Studies of palaeomagnetism, mafic sills (dikes), igneous events, and sedimentary records have led to contrasting opinions on this topic. No igneous events related to the late Mesoproterozoic assembly of Rodinia have been reported in the NCC. However, the authors found numerous late Mesoproterozoic zircons in the Tonian system on the northern margin of the NCC. The Tonian Zhulazhagamaodao formation is composed of meta-sandstone, siltstone, slate, carbonate, and dolomine of the littoral to neritic facies and occurs mainly in the western part of the Bayan Obo–Zhaertai–Langshan rift. U–Pb dating of detrital zircons from the Tonian system reveals age peaks at 1079 ± 23 Ma, 1092 ± 22 Ma, 1175 ± 50 Ma, 1175 ± 18 Ma, 1260 ± 45 Ma, 1266 ± 16 Ma, and 1270 ± 26 Ma, which correspond to the timing of Rodinia assembly. Considering that coeval igneous rocks and orogenic belts developed mostly in the Laurentia–Baltica cratons, we propose that these cratons supplied clastic material to the northern margin of the NCC and that they had a close spatial relationship between each other during the Tonian.