Estimates of potential new production in the Java-Sumatra upwelling system

The Java-Sumatra upwelling is one of the most important upwelling systems in the Indian Ocean, with maximum upwelling intensity in July through August. To estimate the nitrate supplied by upwelling, we developed a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model to calculate the mean vertical speed and determine the depth of upwelling. We used in-situ vertical nitrate profiles to assess nitrate concentration in the upwelled waters, and calculated the nitrate supply as the product of nitrate concentration and vertical transport obtained from the numerical model. The calculated result represents potential new production generated in the upwelling region. We found that on the event time scale (monthly) of Java-Sumatra upwelling, water brought to the surface originated from locations 100-m deep, giving a nitrate supply of 93.77×10 3mol/s and potential new production of 1.02×10 14gC/a.     

Interannual variations of surface winds over China marginal seas

In a study of surface monsoon winds over the China marginal seas, Sun et al. (2012) use singular value decomposition method to identify regional dominant modes and analyze their interdecadal variability. This paper continues to evaluate the interannual variability of each dominant mode and its relation to various atmospheric, oceanic and land factors. The findings include: 1) The intensity of the winter monsoon over the East China Sea is highly correlated with the Siberian High intensity and anti-correlated with the latitudinal position of the Aleutian Low as well as the rainfall in eastern China, Korean Peninsula and Japan; 2) The western Pacific subtropical high is significantly correlated with the summer monsoon intensity over the East China Sea and anti-correlated with the summer monsoon over the South China Sea; 3) The winter monsoon in a broad zonal belt through the Luzon Strait is dominated by the ENSO signal, strengthening in the La Ni a phase and weakening in the El Ni o phase. This inverse relation exhibits interdecadal shift with a period of weak correlation in the 1980s; 4) Analysis of tidal records validates the interdecadal weakening of the East Asian summer monsoon and reveals an atmospheric bridge that conveys the ENSO signal into the South China Sea via the winter monsoon.     

Changes of temperature and precipitation extremes in Hengduan Mountains, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in 1961–2008

Variations and trends in extreme climate events are more sensitive to climate change than the mean values,and so have received much attention.In this study,twelve indices of temperature extremes and 11 indices of precipitation extremes at 32 meteorological stations in Hengduan Mountains were examined for the period 1961-2008.The results reveal statistically significant increases in the temperature of the warmest and coldest nights and in the frequencies of extreme warm days and nights.Decreases of the diurnal temperature range and the numbers of frost days and ice days are statistically significant.Regional averages of growing season length also display the trends consistent and significant with warming.At a large proportion of the stations,patterns of temperature extremes are consistent with warming since 1961:warming trends in minimum temperature indices are greater than those relating to maximum temperature.As the center of the Shaluli Mountain,the warming magnitudes decrease from inner to outer.Changes in precipitation extremes is low:trends are difficult to detect against the larger inter-annual and decadal-scale variability of precipitation,and only the wet day precipitation and the regional trend in consecutive dry days are significant at the 0.05 level.It can be concluded that the variation of extreme precipitation events is not obvious in the Hengduan Mountains,however,the regional trends generally decrease from the south to the north.Overall,the spatial distribution of temporal changes of all extreme climate indices in the Hengduan Mountains illustrated here reflects the climatic complexity in mountainous regions.     

磁通门磁力仪野外台阵观测技术系统研制

详细阐述了新研制的磁通门磁力仪野外台阵观测系统的各组成部分,包括为适应野外环境所进行的磁通门传感器的改进,主机网络化通信功能的实现,以及野外无线组网等技术.同时给出了该系统在野外观测的部分结果.     

Source of major anions and cations of snowpacks in Hailuogou No.1 glacier, Mt. Gongga and Baishui No.1 glacier, Mt. Yulong

Snowpacks samples were colleted from two glaciers: Baishui No.1 glacier and Hailuogou No.1 glacier in June, 2006. The method of sea-salt ions tracer, correlation analysis and trend analysis were used in this research in order to confirm the source of main ions, it is indicated that Na+ is mainly from marine moisture and other ions mainly originate from land dust. The non-marine source percent of Cl-, NO-3, SO2-4, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ is 52%, 99%, 100%, 98%, 99.9% and 83%, respectively, in Hailuogou No.1 glacier, while the corresponding value in Baishui No.1 glacier is 68%, 99%, 100%, 98%, 99% and 59%. The non-marine source of ions is from dust of Central Asia arid regions carried by westerly circulation and the plateau borne-areas with Qinghai-Tibet Plateau winter monsoon in two glacial areas. How-ever, the import of local dust in glacial area has made a great contribution to ions concentra-tion in Baishui No.1 glacier, which accounts for the reason why the ions concentration in Bai-shui No.1 glacier is much higher than that of Hailuogou No.1 glacier. It is obvious that the source of each ion is different between Hailuogou No.1 glacier and Baishui No.1 glacier. There are three reasons which can explain it: firstly, the difference in the internal environment of glacial area, such as lithology, mountain-valley wind system, topographical relief and so on; secondly, the influence exerted by ions elution in snowpacks section, and ions elution in Hailuogou No.1 glacier is very strong; and thirdly, the difference caused due to varying ions transporting styles, deposition modes, chemical characteristics and post-ions-deposition process.     

姚江-宁波平原中全新世海侵事件及古人类活动的快速响应

姚江-宁波平原是新石器河姆渡文化核心分布区,大量考古与古环境研究成果为深入探讨本地区7000年来的人地关系,尤其是新石器遗址文化间歇事件的原因创造了有利条件。本文通过对鱼山遗址地层记录的详细研究以及与区域多个遗址地层的空间对比,并对照该区自河姆渡文化一期以来古人类遗址的时空迁移过程,总结新石器文化演进中的海侵事件,并分析其与文化间歇的内在联系,初步认识如下:1)鱼山遗址从山麓到平原,地层记录存在明显差别,因此需要在不同的古地理位置获取剖面进行对比,才能重建更完整的古环境演变过程。2)鱼山遗址记录了2次海水入侵事件,分别发生于6300~6000cal.aB.P.和4500~3400cal.aB.P.,这两次事件与区内其他遗址文化层堆积中普遍叠压的自然淤积层或文化层缺失现象具有良好对应关系;研究区另有部分遗址在5400~5300cal.aB.P.也存在海水入侵迹象。3)新石器遗址时空分布呈现阶段性变化,河姆渡文化一、二期,遗址数量少,增幅小,主要分布于山麓缓坡地带,反映海水入侵造成研究区土地资源的局限性。河姆渡文化三、四期的遗址数量显著增加,且向开阔平原地带扩散,表明较稳定的海平面使研究区平原成陆面积增大,古人类对海岸带的利用快速扩张。良渚末期,遗址大幅度减少,直至商周才重新增多,反映持续的海水入侵制约古人类活动强度。上述遗址时空迁移特征反映海岸带古人类活动对环境变化的快速响应。     

吕梁山地区中—新生代隆升演化探讨

对吕梁山地区中—新生代隆升时限及其演化的认识,是恢复鄂尔多斯盆地沉积东界的基础,也是探讨华北克拉通演化和破坏等科学问题的有机组成部分。本文以改造盆地与盆山耦合的研究思路为指导,通过对研究区及邻区前中生代地质演化、中生代原始沉积面貌、中生代构造变动与岩浆活动以及新生代以来与相邻地堑发育耦合关系等的分析,并结合裂变径迹测年与热史模拟,认为吕梁山地区在中生代鄂尔多斯盆地发育的主要时期是大型沉积盆地的一部分,与鄂尔多斯盆地经历了同步沉降—抬升过程。晚白垩世以来是吕梁山地区主要的隆升期,可进一步分为缓慢隆升（100～21±2Ma）、加速隆升（21±2～8Ma）及强烈隆升（8Ma以来）3个隆升演化阶段。吕梁山地区中—新生代以来的隆升演化,与相邻鄂尔多斯盆地的抬升消亡及其周边断陷盆地的发育从属统一的区域动力学环境,主要与滨太平洋构造域的活动和演化息息相关,同时受更广阔的区域地球动力学环境的影响。     

影响山东的热带气旋年际和年代际变化

利用1949-2006年热带气旋年鉴资料对58年来影响山东的热带气旋频数和强度,以及热带气旋引起的暴雨和大风进行了气候统计学分析.分析表明:7月下旬至8月下旬是热带气旋影响山东的主要时段.影响山东的热带气旋具有明显的年代际变化,并存在显著的2.4年和5年左右的周期变化,但影响山东的热带气旋强度呈明显减弱趋势,年代际变化不明显;8月份影响山东的热带气旋最多,极易发生洪涝和强风灾害,所造成的暴雨和大风的次数与热带气旋频数的变化较为一致.通过分析影响山东热带气旋活动与太平洋海温和西太平洋副高的关系,指出,北太平洋海温关键区以及西太平洋副高的气候变化对热带气旋活动有着很重要的作用.     

Formation Conditions and Main Controlling Factors of Uranium in Marine Source Rocks

The research of petroleum exploration demonstrates that source rocks, developed in petroleum-bearing sedimentary basins worldwide, are accompanied by uranium to different degrees.As a special element with catalytic, oxidative and radioactive features, uranium may play important roles in the source rock formation and hydrocarbon generation. In this paper, we systematically discussed the formation conditions and main controlling factors of uranium in marine source rocks based on the comprehensive analysis of uranium contents in the worldwide source rocks and the interactions of uranium with minerals, organic materials and microbes. The results indicated that oxidative degrees of ancient atmosphere and palaeo-ocean were governing factors of uranium enrichment in source rocks. Oxidative weathering and hydrothermal solution might be the two main sources of marine sedimentary uranium. In addition, iron-bearing minerals, phosphate minerals, clay minerals, organic materials, and microbes were of great significance in promoting the transformation of the uranium valence states. They could also act as carriers to absorb or combine uranium, resulting in the enrichment of uranium in sediments. Therefore, the enrichment of uranium might be an inevitable result of source rocks formation.     

莱芜市土地资源开发利用面临的问题及对策初探

随着我国经济的迅速发展,各行业用地需求与日俱增,土地资源开发利用和保护面临较为严峻的形势。本文以莱芜市为例,分析了当前土地资源开发利用现状,其面临土地资源利用结构布局不合理,耕地总量减少、城镇建设用地增长过快,土地供需矛盾突出的问题,并从优化产业发展布局,挖掘土地潜力,实现可持续利用等土地资源开发利用和保护策略上进行了一些有益探索与思考。