鲈鱼的鳃寄生车轮虫病及扫描电镜观察

报道鲈鱼的鳃寄生车轮虫病及病理组织的扫描电镜观察。病原鉴定为 :直钩车轮虫、杜氏车轮虫、日本车轮虫、劳牧小车轮虫及简单两分虫 5种车轮虫科纤毛虫 ,其中数量上占优势的为直钩车轮虫。扫描电镜观察结果表明 ,鳃寄生车轮虫可对宿主的上皮组织产生明显的机械性损伤并造成鳃丝粘液分泌增多及炎症反应。文中就海水养殖鱼类及野生鱼类由车轮虫寄生造成的危害及防治途径做了探讨。     

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青海南山地区角孔变质岩地质特征、年代学及其地质意义

青海南山达不祖乎山北部一带的角孔变质岩系原划为早中三叠世隆务河组。通过野外实测地质剖面和路线地质调查,查明该套地层单元野外产出状态及岩石组合特征,并对其物质来源和形成时代进行分析,对进一步研究该区晚古生代-早中生代的构造演化具有重要意义。该套变质岩系为一套长石石英岩、石英岩、大理岩和黑云石英片岩组合,由下向上划分为3个岩段,叠置厚度大于3186.3m。根据碎屑锆石年龄分布特征,可大致划分为5个年龄组段,分别为250～304Ma、405～546Ma、649～1077Ma、1402～1620Ma和1861～2990Ma,其中250～304Ma可进一步划分为250～269Ma和289～304Ma两个亚组。综合前人研究资料与区域构造岩浆活动,将青海南山地区角孔变质岩的沉积时代限定为二叠纪,物源主要来自祁连造山带加里东期和晋宁期岩浆弧,柴北缘构造带海西期岩浆弧也提供了部分物质,晚古生代—早中生代经历了陆内裂陷、洋盆拉张及俯冲碰撞的构造演化过程。     

Application of PSO-LIBSVM in Recognition of Potassium Salt Deposits

The shortage of potassium salt seriously restricts the development of China's agriculture. Increasing the exploration and development of potash will help improve the self-sufficiency of potassium in China. With rich potassium salt resources, Sichuan basin is one of the most important research areas for potash exploration and development in China. Polyhalite is an important solid potassium salt mineral in Sichuan basin, often intercalated in rock minerals such as anhydrite, rock salt and dolomite. Aiming at the problem that conventional log interpretation methods are difficult to accurately identify polyhalites, this paper proposed a new Support Vector Machine (SVM) recognition method based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to classify polyhalites in Sichuan basin. Based on particle swarm optimization and support vector machine theory, combined with logging interpretation theory, the effective data sensitive to polyhalite logging response were selected as input samples to generate training sets and test sets randomly. The Radial Basis Function (RBF) parameters were optimized by particle swarm optimization, and the classification and prediction model of polyhalite was established. Compared with mud logging results, the recognition accuracy of SVM model based on particle swarm optimization reached 97.5758%, which is obviously better than that of SVM model optimized by cross validation method in recognition accuracy and speed. The results show that the model has broad application prospects in potash exploration in Sichuan basin.     

北京地区正地闪时间分布及波形特征

为了给雷电防护及机理研究提供必要的基础数据,利用闪电定位资料和电场快慢变化资料,对北京地区正地闪的时间分布规律及波形特征进行了统计分析。结果表明：北京地区正地闪分布随月份而不同,较大频次出现在5—7月,较高比例出现在春、秋季（3—5月和10—11月）;而一天内的正、负地闪分布具有反对应关系,正地闪在傍晚（15:00—21:00,北京时）具有较大的频次和较高的比例,且该比例随闪电频次增大而呈减少的趋势;正地闪多为单次回击,多回击正地闪数占正地闪总数的3.89%;正地闪波形上升沿时间分布范围为5~28 μs,平均为11.55 μs,慢前沿时间分布在2.8~23.6 μs之间,平均值为9.41 μs,慢前沿幅度与回击峰值比为53%,过零时间为43.97 μs,负反冲深度均值为20.75%,辐射场归一化到100 km的回击场强峰值为13.66 V/m;正地闪连续电流持续时间平均值为113 ms,具有连续电流的正地闪比例高达69.2%,其中48.7%具有长连续电流过程。     

Elastic anisotropy of ferromagnesian post-perovskite in Earth's D” layer

We report experimental observation of a sizable elastic anisotropy in a polycrystalline sample of ferromagnesian silicate in post-perovskite (ppv) structure. Using a novel composite X-ray transparent gasket to contain and synthesize ppv in a panoramic diamond-anvil cell along with oblique X-ray diffraction geometry, we observed the anisotropic lattice strain and {1 0 0} or {1 1 0} slip-plane texture in the sample at 140 GPa. We deduced the elasticity tensor (c_ij), orientation-dependent compressional wave velocities, polarization-dependent shear-wave velocities, and the velocity anisotropy of the silicate ppv. Our results are consistent with calculations and indicate that with sufficient preferred orientation, the elastic anisotropy of this phase can produce large shear-wave splitting.     

中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)肠道和肝胰腺5-羟色胺(5-HT)和5-羟色胺受体2(5-HTR2)的定位研究

肠道和肝胰腺是中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)重要的消化器官,本文运用组织学技术测量了中肠和后肠长度,并对肠道长与体长进行相关性分析。应用免疫组化技术对5-HT和5-HT受体2进行组织定位和计数。结果表明:(1)中华绒螯蟹的肠道长与体长接近,两者之间呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。后肠长度约为中肠的2倍;(2)5-HT和5-HT受体2在中肠和后肠中的组织定位和数量相似,均分布于黏膜上皮细胞间和肌层与外膜交界处,亦见于后肠的固有膜和黏膜下层与肌层交界处,在肠球外膜中也有大量分布;(3)5-HT和5-HT受体2阳性物质在肝胰腺的四种细胞的胞核中均有分布,在F细胞的胞质中也有分布。5-HT和5-HT受体2在中华绒螯蟹肠道和肝胰腺组织中的分布规律一致,表明中华绒螯蟹消化道5-HT发挥生理功能可能与5-HT受体2有关。此外,5-HT和5-HT受体2在后肠近肌细胞分布的特点可能与肠道收缩有关。后肠在中华绒螯蟹消化生理中的作用应引起重视。     

秦岭南缘勉略带构造属性及晚古生代地质背景: 来自碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学的制约

勉略构造带作为秦岭造山带内重要的构造边界,关于其构造属性及晚古生代以来的地质背景,一直是学术界争论的焦点。碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学在限定地层单元的最大沉积年龄、研究区域构造岩浆事件及约束构造地质背景等方面行之有效。基于此,通过对勉略带内五郎坪北侧两河口变沉积地层和侵入其中的变形花岗岩脉体进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学研究。获得2件变形花岗岩脉的结晶年龄均为406±1Ma。碎屑锆石主年龄谱分别为422~456Ma和558~826Ma,峰值年龄为441Ma和771Ma、813Ma,次级年龄谱分别为942~1495Ma和1658~2981Ma,峰值年龄不明显。依据最小一组碎屑锆石的峰值年龄（441Ma）,和侵入其中的变形花岗岩脉（406±0.6Ma）,限定该变沉积地层形成时代为406~441Ma（S1-D1）。碎屑锆石年龄谱显示该套变沉积地层物质来源较为复杂,其中秦岭造山带及扬子板块北缘早古生代、新元古代岩浆岩为其提供了74%±的物源,古老变质基底为其提供了26%±的物源。通过与区域上已有资料对比,认为勉略构造带内晚古生代沉积地层形成环境与邻区大致相同,且本次所获得的变沉积岩碎屑锆石年龄谱也与邻区泥盆系相似。综合认为,勉略构造带与邻区在晚古生代应属同一构造环境,晚古生代"勉略海盆"应当包括整个南秦岭。     

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典型黄土-古土壤系列浸水渗透及湿陷变形规律

为查明典型黄土-古土壤系列地层结构的水分运移及湿陷变形规律,依托西安北至机场城际轨道项目于渭北黄土塬区所进行的大型试坑浸水试验,采用现场实时观测的方法,跟踪测试了无渗水孔条件下的湿陷性土层浸水渗透及湿陷变形。结果表明：在浸水前期,渗透水流以垂直运动为主,整体形态似一不断加大的“秤砣”形,随着水分运移至埋深较大土层时（约15.0 m）,水平运动开始加大,直至达到水分入渗扩散角界限,最终,浸润区及饱和区均呈现形似倒置“漏斗”的形态;受水分扩散的影响,沉降过程可划分为：初始浸水段-剧烈湿陷段-湿陷稳定段-停水孔压消散段-固结沉降段-沉降稳定段;古土壤层阻碍了水分的垂直渗透速度,并对其上土层的侧向扩散起到一定促进作用,停水后,则起到隔绝水分向下快速扩散的作用。研究结果为认识典型黄土-古土壤系列场地水分运移及湿陷变形规律提供了参考,也可为该地区未来工程建设提供指导及借鉴。