基于MAPGIS的地质矿产勘查项目信息管理系统

以MapGIS为平台,二次开发实现了地质矿产勘查项目信息管理系统,并建立了重庆市矿产地和勘查项目库。该系统利用GIS技术合理规划矿产资源勘查,信息化管理矿产开发项目,为制定可持续发展的矿产资源开发利用方案提供辅助决策。     

燕山西部尚义盆地沉积岩区专题地质填图方法与成果

燕山运动是中国东部晚中生代重要的陆内造山运动,具有广泛而深远的地质影响。虽然前人对燕山运动的研究已近百年,积累了大量研究成果,然而目前对于燕山造山带的陆内造山过程仍存在很大争议。针对这一科学问题,选取燕山西部尚义盆地开展了1∶5万专题地质填图。在此基础上,通过盆地充填序列、岩相、沉积环境、物源的综合分析,恢复了盆地岩相古地理,建立了盆地演化模型,并探讨了燕山造山带陆内造山过程的沉积响应。根据沉积岩区岩相组合填图方法,绘制了1∶5万组-相级岩相分布图。燕山西部尚义盆地侏罗纪—早白垩世早期沉积演化记录了燕山造山带造山前伸展、同造山挤压和造山后伸展的全过程。     

Distribution Prediction of Middle-deep Lacustrine Source Rocks in Eocene Wenchang Formation in the Kaiping Sag,Pearl Mouth Basin

Oil and gas shows are rich in drilling wells in Kaiping sag,however,large oilfield was still not found in this area.For a long time,it is thought that source rocks were developed in the middle-deep lacustrine facies in the Eocene Wenchang Formation,while there is no source rocks that in middle-deep lacustrine facies have been found in well.Thickness of Wenchang Formation is big and reservoirs with good properties could be found in this formation.Distribution and scale of source rock are significant for further direction of petroleum exploration.Distribution characterization of middle-deep lacustrine facies is the base for source rock research.Based on the sedimentary background,fault activity rate,seismic response features,and seismic attributes were analyzed.No limited classification method and multi-attributes neural network deep learning method were used for predicting of source rock distribution in Wenchang Formation.It is found that during the deposition of lower Wenchang Formation,activity rate of main fault controlling the sub sag sedimentation was bigger than 100 m/Ma,which formed development background for middle-deep lacustrine facies.Compared with the seismic response of middle-deep lacustrine source rocks developed in Zhu I depression,those in Kaiping sag are characterized in low frequency and good continuity.Through RGB frequency decomposition,areas with low frequency are main distribution parts for middle-deep lacustrine facies.Dominant frequency,instantaneous frequency,and coherency attributes of seismic could be used in no limited classification method for further identification of middle-deep lacustrine facies.Based on the limitation of geology knowledge,multi-attributes of seismic were analyzed through neural network deep learning method.Distribution of middle-deep lacustrine facies in the fourth member of Wenchang Formation is oriented from west to east and is the largest.Square of the middle-deep lacustrine facies in that member is 154 km²and the volume is 50 km³.Achievements could be bases for hydrocarbon accumulation study and for exploration target optimization in Kaiping sag.     

河西走廊一次区域性大风强沙尘暴天气诊断

应用常规和自动加密站观测资料,对2009年4月29日发生在河西走廊的一次区域性强沙尘暴天气过程,从天气学成因、物理量要素等方面进行了诊断分析.结果表明:这是一次冷锋后大风引发的沙尘暴;沙尘暴发生在强气压梯度区;地面气象要素对冷锋过境及沙尘暴爆发有强烈反应,可以在沙尘暴预报中作为一个参考依据;沙尘暴爆发区低层辐合,高层辐散,有明显的上升运动;锋生函数和螺旋度对沙尘暴爆发区有较好的指示意义.     

重庆地区晚二叠世煤系层序地层与聚煤作用

重庆地区上二叠统包括龙潭组/吴家坪组和长兴组,主要发育海陆过渡相(海湾-泻湖-潮坪)及浅海碳酸盐沉积,其中龙潭组和吴家坪组为同期异相沉积。通过对区内钻井剖面及露头剖面的分析,在本区上二叠统中识别出区域性构造不整合面和沉积相转换面等地层界面,并将上二叠统划分为2个三级层序。基于近海煤盆地的背景,研究区厚煤层常靠近初始海泛面发育。总体来看,近海含煤盆地三级层序以海侵体系域聚煤最好。      

内蒙古阿钦楚鲁二长花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及地球化学特征

阿钦楚鲁二长花岗岩体位于西伯利亚板块东南缘查干敖包奥尤特朝不楞早古生代构造-岩浆岩带中段, 主要岩石类型为中细粒二长花岗岩和中粗粒二长花岗岩。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb同位素定年结果表明, 阿钦楚鲁二长花岗岩的成岩年龄为(296.3±3.8) Ma, 为华力西晚期。岩石地球化学分析结果表明:阿钦楚鲁二长花岗岩富硅, w(SiO₂)为73.48%~74.22%, 过铝质, w(Al₂O₃)为13.63%~14.01%, A/CNK值为1.04~1.10, 碱质含量较高, w(K₂O)+w(Na₂O)为8.08%~8.54%, 里特曼指数(σ)为2.13~2.46, 相对富钾, K₂O/Na₂O值为1.31~1.54, 属高钾钙碱性系列。该岩石富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Sr、Ba和轻稀土元素(LREE), 相对亏损Ta、Nb、Ti等高场强元素, 稀土元素总量为(112.05~130.16)×10^-6, 中等Eu负异常(δEu=0.52~0.65), 稀土元素配分曲线呈现出略微右倾型, 轻稀土较陡, 重稀土较缓, 具有向A型花岗岩过渡的后碰撞高钾花岗岩特征;岩石具有较低的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr初始值(0.703 849~0.704 236)和正的ε_Nd(t)值(4.2~4.3), 反映其物质来源可能主要为幔源岩浆底侵作用形成的新生大陆地壳。基于上述分析研究和构造环境判别, 结合区域对比, 推测阿钦楚鲁二长花岗岩为在岩石圈由挤压增厚向伸展体制转换的动力学背景下, 由于俯冲板片的断离, 造成软流圈上涌和岩石圈地幔的部分熔融, 而部分幔源岩浆底侵到地壳的下部或者呈基性侵入体的形式侵入地壳, 引起上部地壳的熔融而形成后碰撞高钾钙碱性花岗岩。     

祁连山北缘深部弧形褶皱—逆冲带及其油气勘探前景

祁连山北缘-河西走廊西段位于青藏高原东北缘,是新生代陆内构造活动最强烈地区。基于野外构造观测、横跨山前及前陆盆地区的三维地震构造分析与解释,结合地震地质属性提取分析,识别出祁连山北缘-酒泉盆地西段窟窿山-柳沟庄带隐伏的弧形褶皱-逆冲带,该弧形构造是造山带基底逆冲构造楔体垂向差异抬升与向前陆方向差异运动的产物;该弧形结构控制本区下白垩统地层裂缝发育、分布与破裂强度,并与本区先期断裂、裂缝带产生构造叠加效应,形成弧形构造“中央强裂缝发育带”,是形成构造裂缝型油气藏的有利区域。     

有机酸对长石溶解度影响的热力学研究

为明确认识有机酸（草酸、醋酸）对长石溶解度及储层次生孔隙发育的影响，本文利用热力学方法，计算了不同温度、酸度下钾长石在含有醋酸根0.05mol/L、草酸0.0055mol/L的溶液中的溶解度及草酸和醋酸对溶液酸度的影响，计算的结果表明醒酸根与铝的络合作用只发生在偏酸性的溶液体系中，并且随温度升高要求酸度增加，实际的络合能力降低，醋酸根的络合作用对长石溶解度的增加作用极及有限，最高时不足一倍；但醋酸能有效地缓冲溶液酸度，从而提高长石溶解度。草酸根与铝的络合作用发生在弱碱性至酸性条件下，温度升高，络合能力增加，络合效应对长石溶解度，草酸根上铝的络合作用发生在弱碱性至酸性条件下，温度升高，络合能力增加，络合效应对长石溶出量的增加最多可达2个数量级以上，草酸的浓度太低无法通过缓冲溶液在较高的酸度下来促进长石的溶解，草酸和醒酸能否促进储层次生孔隙的发育取决于盆地流体的酸度及组成流体的缓冲体系。     

漂浮式水上钻探平台的设计与应用

根据贵州省清水江三板溪水电站低温水治理隔水幕墙试验工程中水下钻孔的施工工艺和要求,设计了漂浮式水上钻探平台。平台主要由甲板、定位系统、吊装系统、钻探施工系统组成。甲板作为水上载体,主要是用来提供浮力及工作台面;定位系统用来完成平台在水中的移动及固定;吊装系统主要功能是在悬臂吊旋转半径内完成平台上相关物资、大型工器具等的起吊移动;钻探施工系统即实施钻探工作,完成水下钻孔。通过现场实际应用,该平台设计合理,相关配套符合要求,完全能够满足项目所需水下钻孔的钻探工作。平台的成功应用,为以后类似项目在作业平台及钻探施工设备的选用配套上提供了借鉴。     

Degrading river network due to urbanization in Yangtze River Delta

Evolution of river systems under the background of human activities has been a heated topic among geographers and hydrologists. Spatial and temporal variations of river systems during the 1960s–2010s in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) were investigated based on streams derived from the topographic maps in the 1960s, 1980s and 2010s. A list of indices, drainage density (Dd), water surface ratio (WSR), ratio of area to length of main streams (R), evolution coefficient of tributaries (K) and box dimension (D), were classified into three types (quantitative, structural, and complex indices) and used to quantify the variations of stream structure. Results showed that: (1) quantitative indices (Dd, WSR) presented decreasing trend in the past 50 years, and Dd in Wuchengxiyu, Hangjiahu and Yindongnan have decreased most, about 20%. Structurally, the Qinhuai River basin was characterized by significant upward R, and K value in Hangjiahu went down dramatically by 46.8% during the 1960s–2010s. Decreasing tendency in D was found dominating across the YRD, and decreasing magnitude in Wuchengxiyu and Hangjiahu peaks for 7.8% and 6.5%, respectively in the YRD. (2) Urbanization affected the spatial pattern of river system, and areas with high level of urbanization exhibited least Dd (2.18 km/km²), WSR (6.52%), K (2.64) and D (1.42), compared to moderate and low levels of urbanization. (3) Urbanization also affected the evolution of stream system. In the past 50 years, areas with high level of urbanization showed compelling decreasing tendency in quantitative (27.2% and 19.3%) and complex indices (4.9%) and trend of enlarging of main rivers (4.5% and 7.9% in periods of the 1960s–1980s and the 1980s–2010s). In the recent 30 years, areas with low level of urbanization were detected with significant downward trend in Dd and K. (4) Expanding of urban land, construction of hydraulic engineering and irrigation and water conservancy activities were the main means which degraded the river system in the YRD.