广州地区雷暴过程云-地闪特征及其环境条件

应用雷电定位系统和高空观测资料并结合雷达回波资料, 对广州地区雷暴过程云-地闪特征进行分析, 并就有、无云-地闪出现的两组不同对流天气过程的环境条件进行了比较研究。结果表明:广州地区的雷暴过程以负的云-地闪为主, 负云-地闪所占比例在90%以上。云-地闪发生频率与雷暴系统强度演变有直接联系, 对于同一系统来说, 随着系统回波强度的增强, 云-地闪发生的频率也增高。但不同系统中, 云-地闪发生频率有很大不同, 回波强(弱)的对流系统并不意味着云-地闪发生的频率就高(低)。有云-地闪记录的对流天气过程具有更大的垂直切变、更高的相对风暴螺旋度以及更多的对流抑制能量, 云-地闪现象更易于出现在更加有组织和更强的对流系统中。研究还发现广州及周边城市区域对雷暴系统回波强度及云-地闪现象可能有影响, 两个典型个例分析表明, 雷暴系统移经城市区域时回波强度减弱, 云-地闪发生频率减小, 雷暴移过城市区域后, 强度可重新加强, 云-地闪发生频率增大。     

NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS AND ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL FILTER INITIALIZATION FOR WRF MODEL

Initialization and initial imbalance problem were discussed in the context of a three-dimensional variational data assimilation system of the new generation “Weather Research and Forecasting Model”. Several options of digital filter initialization have been tested with a rain storm case. It is shown that digital filter initialization, especially diabatic digital filter initialization and twice digital filter initialization, have effectively removed spurious high frequency noise from initial data for numerical weather prediction and produced balanced initial conditions. For six consecutive intermittent data assimilation cycles covering a 3-day period, mean initialization increments and impact on forecast variables are studied. DFI has been demonstrated to provide better adjustment of the hydrometeors and vertical velocity, reduced spin-up time, and improved forecast variables quantity.     

多特征差分核支持向量机模型的湿地变化检测

文章通过对不同特征空间、不同时相信息和不同类别引入多核函数组合和类别加权方式,构建了基于多特征差分核的加权支持向量机变化检测模型,能够获得平衡样本大小、综合多特征空间的变化检测结果.以上海崇明岛东端地区为例,利用4期ETM+/TM影像数据,基于构建的SVM变化检测模型,最终得到研究区湿地资源的空间变化格局,结果表明检测模型能够有效、准确地提取多种湿地变化类别的空间分布信息;并从景观水平上对检测结果进行格局分析,为湿地保护和管理提供科学参考.     

The influence of magnetic fields on neutrino-dominated accretion disc

We consider the influence of magnetic fields on the model of neutrino-dominated accretion flows (NDAFs) for gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) via the assumption that the accretion rate of the disc is totally caused by the torque of the Lorentz force, i.e. the magnetic braking of large-scale magnetic fields and magnetic viscosity of small-scale magnetic fields. We calculate the structure, composition, luminosity of neutrino emission and the Poynting flux, and the rate of mass loss driven by neutrino heating or launched centrifugally by large-scale magnetic fields, based on the physical condition of the magnetized NDAFs. It is shown that the magnetized disc is favourable to interpret the diverse prompt emissions as well as the X-ray flares observed in the early afterglow of GRBs.     

Instability of seawater pH in the South China Sea during the mid-late Holocene: Evidence from boron isotopic composition of corals

We used positive thermal ionization mass spectrometry (PTIMS) to generate high precision δ¹¹B records in Porites corals of the mid-late Holocene from the South China Sea (SCS). The δ¹¹B values of the Holocene corals vary significantly, ranging from 22.2‰ to 25.5‰. The paleo-pH records of the SCS, reconstructed from the δ¹¹B data, were not stable as previously thought but show a gradual increase from the Holocene thermal optimal and a sharp decrease to modern values. The latter is likely caused by the large amount of anthropogenic CO₂ emissions since the Industrial Revolution but variations of atmospheric pCO₂ cannot explain the pH change of the SCS before the Industrial Revolution. We suggest that variations of monsoon intensity during the mid-late Holocene may have driven the sea surface pH increase from the mid to late Holocene. Results of this study indicate that the impact of anthropogenic atmospheric CO₂ emissions may have reversed the natural pH trend in the SCS since the mid-Holocene. Such ocean pH records in the current interglacial period can help us better understand the physical and biological controls on ocean pH and possibly predict the long-term impact of climate change on future ocean acidification.     

鄂尔多斯盆地长9油层组石油运聚规律研究

鄂尔多斯盆地长9油层组是一个新发现的含油层。迄今为止,有关长9油层组石油运聚成藏机理尚不清楚,特别是对石油运聚规律缺乏认识。该问题的解决会进一步完善鄂尔多斯盆地中生界延长组石油成藏理论;同时,对长9油层组石油勘探开发具有重要的指导作用。我们对长9油层组石油来源、油气输导体系、油气运移路径和油气运移动力等油气运聚条件特征及其不同地区差异进行了研究,结果表明,长9油层组原油主要来自长7烃源岩,只有在志丹局部地区来自长7和长9烃源岩;长9油层组石油的纵向运移路径是由上向下运移;孔隙型输导体和断层、构造裂隙输导体是长9油层组石油运移的主要输导体;盆地长7油层组普遍存在高过剩压力带,长7与长9油层组之间存在较大的流体压力差,因此长7油层组生成的油气在高过剩压力驱动下可以向下运移,进入储层物性相对好的长9砂体聚集成藏。同时,建立了3种长9油层组油气运聚模式,讨论了长9油层组油气运聚机理     

潍北-莱州湾凹陷郯庐断裂带新生代走滑特征

横切潍北-莱州湾凹陷郯庐断裂带的地震反射剖面和断裂带内的凹陷断层、沉积相和油气特征,直接或间接显示了郯庐断裂带的延伸、运动性质和活动时限。郯庐断裂带在海域和陆上的几何形态及其组合基本一致,根据切过断裂带的剖面和平面上断层的组合特征,判断其为兼具垂直位移的走滑运动断层系。走滑断裂带的活动控制着凹陷内同构造沉积以及构造样式,表明郯庐断裂带的活动时限具分段性,相当于渤海湾盆地孔店组(E1?2k)-沙四段(E2?3s4)沉积期(古新世-早始新世)-孔店组-沙二段(E2?3s2)沉积期(古新世-始新世)-孔店组-沙一段(E2?3s1)(古新世-渐新世)沉积时期,走滑拉分活动由南向北迁移; 活动方式也由古新世-早始新世的左旋走滑活动,被早始新世之后的右旋走滑活动所替代。     

作物病虫害高光谱遥感进展与展望

作物病虫害作为影响农作物品质、产量及威胁粮食安全的主要因素,仅依靠人工田间调查对其进行监测已不能满足当下农业生产精准高效的需求。高光谱遥感作为能够获取地表物体连续波谱信息的遥感技术,已经成为当下作物病虫害监测识别的重要手段。本文对作物病虫害高光谱遥感监测识别的研究进展进行综述,通过对该领域发表文献的统计以及对主要机构、团队、数据源的分析,明确了病虫害高光谱遥感监测的研究热点和趋势;在此基础上,分析高光谱技术及其作物病虫害的监测识别机理,从病虫害胁迫探测、分类识别、危害严重度定量分析及早期检测四个方面综述相关技术及研究现状;通过探讨当下高光谱遥感病虫害监测识别面临的挑战,提出作物病虫害标准图谱库的建立、星载高光谱传感器的完善以及星空地一体化监测平台的搭建是当前作物病虫害高光谱遥感监测识别技 术落到实处的关键,也是未来发展的重点方向。     

IEU-Net高分辨率遥感影像房屋建筑物提取

房屋建筑物作为人类活动的主要场所,快速准确地将其从高分辨率遥感影像中提取出来,对促进遥感信息在防灾减灾、城镇管理等方面的应用具有重要意义。本文基于深度学习,提出了高分辨率遥感影像房屋建筑物像素级精确提取方法。首先,针对样本图像边缘像素特征不足现象,以U-Net模型为基础提出IEU-Net模型,设计了全新的忽略边缘交叉熵函数IELoss并将其作为损失函数,另外添加Dropout和BN层在避免过拟合的同时提高模型训练速度和鲁棒性。其次,为解决模型特征丰富度有限的问题,引入形态学建筑物指数MBI,与遥感影像RGB波段一同参与到模型的分类过程。最后,在模型预测时与IELoss相对应采用忽略边缘预测策略从而获得最佳建筑物提取结果。实验对比分析表明：本文方法能有效克服样本边缘像素特征不足问题并抑制道路、建筑物阴影对结果的影响,提升高分辨率遥感影像中房屋建筑物的提取精度。     

Discovery of six high-redshift quasars with the Lijiang 2.4 m telescope and the Multiple Mirror Telescope

Quasars with redshifts greater than 4 are rare, and can be used to probe the structure and evolution of the early universe. Here we report the discovery of six new quasars with i-band magnitudes brighter than 19.5 and redshifts between 2.4 and 4.6 from spectroscopy with the Yunnan Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera (YFOSC) at the Lijiang 2.4 m telescope in February, 2012. These quasars are in the list of z > 3.6 quasar candidates selected by using our proposed J K/i Y criterion and the photometric redshift estimations from the SDSS optical and UKIDSS near-IR photometric data. Nine candidates were observed by YFOSC, and five among six new quasars were identified as z > 3.6 quasars. One of the other three objects was identified as a star and the other two were unidentified due to the lower signal-to-noise ratio of their spectra. This is the first time that z > 4 quasars have been discovered using a telescope in China. Thanks to the Chinese Telescope Access Program (TAP), the redshift of 4.6 for one of these quasars was confirmed by the Multiple Mirror Telescope (MMT) Red Channel spectroscopy. The continuum and emission line properties of these six quasars, as well as their central black hole masses and Eddington ratios, were obtained.