地震预报中地电阻率高精度计算方法

本文利用回归分析、谐波分析和预测、理论研究了从大地电位差(Vsp)和人工电位差(ΔV)迭加的合成势差(E)中高精度分离ΔV的方法。实际计算表明:当Vsp变化规律较强时,该方法的精度比常规方法提高几倍至十几倍;当Vsp变化规律较弱时,该方法的精度一般高于或接近于常规方法的精度。     

丰城堡-祝家庄地区地壳偶极电测深法的定点观测

1985～1988年在丰城堡—祝家庄地区进行了偶极法电测深观测。观测中采用供电偶极距为1000m,测量偶极距950—1000m,偶极中心间距5000—8000m。在观测期间发现地电阻率ρ_s无明显季节性变化;在距测区100公里范围内发生M≥4级地震前10天左右,ρ_s出现3—8%的变化。     

我国首次发现的硫铋铅铁铜矿

本文研究的硫铋铅铁铜矿是1986年采自河北省青龙县三家金矿。利用反光显微镜、MPV-1型显微光度计、显微硬度计、JCXA—733型电子探针、X射线粉晶分析等手段对该矿物进行了研究。获得其平均化学成分为:S 20.92％,Bi 22.47％,Pb 23.40％,Fe 6.30％,Cu26.48％。硬度为191.5—217kg/mm~2及其他数据。将获得的各项参数与日本三原铜矿产出的硫铋铅铁铜矿进行了对比,确认其为硫铋铅铁铜矿。这在我国是首次发现和报道。     

地质工程计算机辅助设计支持系统及其应用

地质工程设计具有非结构化、非参数化、非规范化特征,同时,也具有风险与优化性和反馈与可变更性。仅用一种固定的、程式化的求解方法是不现实的。因此,必须寻求一种非结构化的工具,根据问题的需要,面向目标自动生成求解结构。本文归纳了地质工程设计的基本内容,探讨了基于几何和基于人工智能的计算机辅助地质工程设计。最后,介绍了地质工程设计支持系统在长江三峡链子崖危岩治理工程设计中的应用。     

TCM－90现场科学试验台风FLO“β陀螺”“通风流”非对称动力结构特征

采用ＴＣＭ－９０台风现场科学试验期间加密观测资料,揭示出目标台风Ｆｌｏ非对称动力、热力结构及其转向运动的特征,尤其通过分离处理的偏差场,突出了ＴＣＭ－９０现场试验有关飞机下投（ｄｒｏｐｓｏｎｄｅ）加密探测资料对台风Ｆｌｏ内部非对称结构物理图象的描述,提出了实际台风动力结构存在类似Ｇｒａｙ认为的非对称偶极子型,即中低层“β陀螺”偶极子型（β－ｔｏｐｄｉｐｏｌｅ）,及其“通风流”（Ｖｅｎｔｉｌａｔｉｏｎｆｌｏｗ）特征,高层辐合－辐散结构的变形偶极子系统概念模型,并认为这类三维非对称结构对台风运动（转向现象）有一定“引导”作用。文中还强调了“β陀螺”偶极子非对称结构的垂直差异,并揭示了目标台风暖心结构及其热力非对称结构特征。     

煤电阻率与其瓦斯含量关系的实验研究

煤体中的瓦斯含量能显著影响煤的电阻率,本文利用高精度电阻测试实验装置,在连续吸附/解吸与等体积吸附/解吸条件下,对煤样的电阻率随瓦斯含量的变化规律进行测定。研究结果表明:煤样在连续吸附/解吸与等体积吸附/解吸条件下,电阻率随着瓦斯吸附量增大先逐渐减小,后趋于平稳;等体积吸附(静态吸附)时电阻率改变较连续吸附(动态吸附)明显,且等体积解吸结束时,煤体电阻率距离原始值较远;在瓦斯解吸过程中,煤体电阻率随煤中瓦斯含量增大呈线性减小。研究结果为利用煤体电阻率与瓦斯含量的线性关系预测矿井瓦斯含量提供了理论依据,对指导现场的瓦斯含量测量具有重要意义。     

Time of emergence of anthropogenic warming signals in the Northeast Asia assessed from multi-regional climate models

Time of Emergence (ToE) is the time at which the signal of climate change emerges from the background noise of natural climate variability, and can provide useful information for climate change impacts and adaptations. This study examines future ToEs for daily maximum and minimum temperatures over the Northeast Asia using five Regional Climate Models (RCMs) simulations driven by single Global Climate Model (GCM) under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) emission scenarios. Noise is defined based on the interannual variability during the present-day period (1981-2010) and warming signals in the future years (2021-2100) are compared against the noise in order to identify ToEs. Results show that ToEs of annual mean temperatures occur between 2030s and 2040s in RCMs, which essentially follow those of the driving GCM. This represents the dominant influence of GCM boundary forcing on RCM results in this region. ToEs of seasonal temperatures exhibit larger ranges from 2030s to 2090s. The seasonality of ToE is found to be determined majorly by noise amplitudes. The earliest ToE appears in autumn when the noise is smallest while the latest ToE occurs in winter when the noise is largest. The RCP4.5 scenario exhibits later emergence years than the RCP8.5 scenario by 5-35 years. The significant delay in ToEs by taking the lower emission scenario provides an important implication for climate change mitigation. Daily minimum temperatures tend to have earlier emergence than daily maximum temperature but with low confidence. It is also found that noise thresholds can strongly affect ToE years, i.e. larger noise threshold induces later emergence, indicating the importance of noise estimation in the ToE assessment.